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Ansari D, Søreide K, Andersson B, Hansen CP, Seppänen H, Sparrelid E, Labori KJ, Kirkegård J, Kauhanen S, Månsson C, Nymo LS, Nortunen M, Björnsson B, Kivivuori A, Tingstedt B, Bratlie SO, Waardal K, Laukkarinen J, Halimi A, Lindberg H, Olin H, Andersson R. Surveillance after surgery for pancreatic cancer: a global scoping review of guidelines and a nordic Survey of contemporary practice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38994854 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2378948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most patients with pancreatic cancer who have undergone surgical resection eventually develop disease recurrence. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence to support routine surveillance after pancreatic cancer surgery, with a secondary aim of analyzing the implementation of surveillance strategies in the Nordic countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review was conducted to identify clinical practice guidelines globally and research studies relating to surveillance after pancreatic cancer resection. This was followed by a survey among 20 pancreatic units from four Nordic countries to assess their current practice of follow-up for operated patients. RESULTS Altogether 16 clinical practice guidelines and 17 research studies were included. The guidelines provided inconsistent recommendations regarding postoperative surveillance of pancreatic cancer. The clinical research data were mainly based on retrospective cohort studies with low level of evidence and lead-time bias was not addressed. Active surveillance was recommended in Sweden and Denmark, but not in Norway beyond the post-operative/adjuvant period. Finland had no national recommendations for surveillance. The Nordic survey revealed a wide variation in reported practice among the different units. About 75% (15 of 20 units) performed routine postoperative surveillance. Routine CA 19-9 testing was used by 80% and routine CT by 67% as part of surveillance. About 73% of centers continued follow-up until 5 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION Evidence for routine long-term (i.e. 5 years) surveillance after pancreatic cancer surgery remains limited. Most pancreatic units in the Nordic countries conduct regular follow-up, but protocols vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meilahti Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Jørgen Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Kirkegård
- Department of Surgery, HPB Section, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Linn Såve Nymo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Minna Nortunen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bergthor Björnsson
- Department of Surgery in Linköping and Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Antti Kivivuori
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bobby Tingstedt
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Svein-Olav Bratlie
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kim Waardal
- Department of Acute and Digestive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Asif Halimi
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannes Lindberg
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Wilson BE, Wright K, Koven R, Booth CM. Surveillance Imaging After Curative-Intent Treatment for Cancer: Benefits, Harms, and Evidence. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:2245-2249. [PMID: 38805665 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristin Wright
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Koven
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Daamen LA, van Goor IWJM, Groot VP, Andel PCM, Brosens LAA, Busch OR, Cirkel GA, Mohammad NH, Heerkens HD, de Hingh IHJT, Hoogwater F, van Laarhoven HWM, Los M, Meijer GJ, de Meijer VE, Pande R, Roberts KJ, Stoker J, Stommel MWJ, van Tienhoven G, Verdonk RC, Verkooijen HM, Wessels FJ, Wilmink JW, Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Intven MPW, Molenaar IQ. Recurrent disease detection after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a recurrence-focused surveillance strategy (RADAR-PANC): protocol of an international randomized controlled trial according to the Trials within Cohorts design. Trials 2024; 25:401. [PMID: 38902836 PMCID: PMC11188210 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease recurrence remains one of the biggest concerns in patients after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy, most patients experience local and/or distant PDAC recurrence within 2 years. High-level evidence regarding the benefits of recurrence-focused surveillance after PDAC resection is missing, and the impact of early detection and treatment of recurrence on survival and quality of life is unknown. In most European countries, recurrence-focused follow-up after surgery for PDAC is currently lacking. Consequently, guidelines regarding postoperative surveillance are based on expert opinion and other low-level evidence. The recent emergence of more potent local and systemic treatment options for PDAC recurrence has increased interest in early diagnosis. To determine whether early detection and treatment of recurrence can lead to improved survival and quality of life, we designed an international randomized trial. METHODS This randomized controlled trial is nested within an existing prospective cohort in pancreatic cancer centers in the Netherlands (Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Project; PACAP) and the United Kingdom (UK) (Pancreas Cancer: Observations of Practice and survival; PACOPS) according to the "Trials within Cohorts" (TwiCs) design. All PACAP/PACOPS participants with a macroscopically radical resection (R0-R1) of histologically confirmed PDAC, who provided informed consent for TwiCs and participation in quality of life questionnaires, are included. Participants randomized to the intervention arm are offered recurrence-focused surveillance, existing of clinical evaluation, serum cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 testing, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of chest and abdomen every three months during the first 2 years after surgery. Participants in the control arm of the study will undergo non-standardized clinical follow-up, generally consisting of clinical follow-up with imaging and serum tumor marker testing only in case of onset of symptoms, according to local practice in the participating hospital. The primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints include quality of life, patterns of recurrence, compliance to and costs of recurrence-focused follow-up, and the impact on recurrence-focused treatment. DISCUSSION The RADAR-PANC trial will be the first randomized controlled trial to generate high level evidence for the current clinical equipoise regarding the value of recurrence-focused postoperative surveillance with serial tumor marker testing and routine imaging in patients after PDAC resection. The Trials within Cohort design allows us to study the acceptability of recurrence-focused surveillance among cohort participants and increases the generalizability of findings to the general population. While it is strongly encouraged to offer all trial participants treatment at time of recurrence diagnosis, type and timing of treatment will be determined through shared decision-making. This might reduce the potential survival benefits of recurrence-focused surveillance, although insights into the impact on patients' quality of life will be obtained. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04875325 . Registered on May 6, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Daamen
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Imaging, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I W J M van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - V P Groot
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - P C M Andel
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - L A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - O R Busch
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G A Cirkel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein & Meander Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N Haj Mohammad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein & Meander Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H D Heerkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I H J T de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - F Hoogwater
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H W M van Laarhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Los
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein & Meander Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G J Meijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - V E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Pande
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K J Roberts
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Stoker
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W J Stommel
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G van Tienhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiation Oncology, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R C Verdonk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - H M Verkooijen
- Division of Imaging, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F J Wessels
- Department of Radiology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - J W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M G Besselink
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M P W Intven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - I Q Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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Andersson R, Ansari D, Haglund C. Surveillance after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: How to do it and what are the benefits? Scand J Surg 2024; 113:184-185. [PMID: 38288556 DOI: 10.1177/14574969231156353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Surveillance following resection with curative intent of pancreatic cancer varies widely, and supporting evidence is limited. Recurrence is although frequent, not at least during the first 2 years. Surveillance may be costly, but evidence on how this influences overall survival is not fully elucidated. METHODS, RESULTS There are reports implying that signs of biological recurrence (increasing CA 19-9) precede radiologically demonstrated recurrence by months. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of initiating salvage therapy earlier is discussed, potentially based on improved future biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Andersson
- Department of SurgeryClinical Sciences LundSkåne University HospitalSE-221 85 LundSweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Bilreiro C, Andrade L, Santiago I, Marques RM, Matos C. Imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - An update for all stages of patient management. Eur J Radiol Open 2024; 12:100553. [PMID: 38357385 PMCID: PMC10864763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2024.100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common and lethal cancer. From diagnosis to disease staging, response to neoadjuvant therapy assessment and patient surveillance after resection, imaging plays a central role, guiding the multidisciplinary team in decision-planning. Review aims and findings This review discusses the most up-to-date imaging recommendations, typical and atypical findings, and issues related to each step of patient management. Example cases for each relevant condition are presented, and a structured report for disease staging is suggested. Conclusion Despite current issues in PDAC imaging at different stages of patient management, the radiologist is essential in the multidisciplinary team, as the conveyor of relevant imaging findings crucial for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bilreiro
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Andrade
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santiago
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Mateus Marques
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Radiology Department, Hospital de S. José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Celso Matos
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, Lamarca A, Seufferlein T, O'Reilly EM, Hackert T, Golan T, Prager G, Haustermans K, Vogel A, Ducreux M. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:987-1002. [PMID: 37678671 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Conroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy; APEMAC, équipe MICS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - P Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - V Vilgrain
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation U 1149, Université Paris Cité, Paris; Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, APHP Nord, Clichy, France
| | - A Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - E M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - T Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Golan
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Haustermans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Ducreux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm Unité Dynamique des Cellules Tumorales, Villejuif, France
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McKay SC, Pathak S, Roberts KJ. Evaluation of post-operative surveillance strategies and surgeon perceptions and beliefs of surveillance for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the UK. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:1247-1254. [PMID: 37357113 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high rates of recurrence after surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) there is lack of standardised surveillance practices. We aimed to identify UK surveillance practice and interrogate surgeon beliefs around surveillance. METHODS A web-based survey was sent to all UK pancreatic units to assess surveillance practice for resected PDAC, factors influencing surveillance protocols, and perceptions and beliefs surrounding on current postoperative surveillance. RESULTS There was wide variation in reported practice between 40 consultant surgeons from 28 pancreatic units (100% unit response rate). 26% had standardised surveillance compared to 18% with no standardised practice. 16% individualised surveillance to the patient, and 40% reported differing practices between surgeons within units despite local surveillance protocols. 66% felt surveillance should be tailored to patient factors, and 58% to patient preference. There was a broad belief regarding a lack of robust evidence supporting surveillance making a trial necessary. Thematic analysis identified surveillance barriers, considerations for trial design, necessity for patient engagement and potential benefits of surveillance. DISCUSSION Wide variation in surveillance practice exists within and between units. A surveillance trial was deemed beneficial, however identified barriers potentially preclude a trial. Future work should assess acceptability for patients including impact on anxiety and quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan C McKay
- Liver and Pancreas Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, UK; Department of Academic Surgery, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Keith J Roberts
- Liver and Pancreas Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, UK.
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Pang HY, Yan MH, Chen LH, Chen XF, Chen ZX, Zhang SR, Sun H. Detection of asymptomatic recurrence following curative surgery improves survival in patients with gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011683. [PMID: 36387075 PMCID: PMC9643694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, there is no evidence that intensive follow-up provides survival benefit in gastric cancer patients undergoing curative gastrectomy. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of detection of asymptomatic recurrence using intensive surveillance strategy in long-term survival after curative gastric cancer surgery. Methods A systematic review of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Clinical Trials Registry and Google Scholar was performed up to April 2022. The primary outcomes were survival outcomes: overall survival, recurrence-free survival and post-recurrence survival. The secondary endpoints were clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns and treatment after recurrence. The registration number of this protocol is PROSPERO CRD42022327370. Results A total of 11 studies including 1898 participants were included. In the pooled analysis, the detection of asymptomatic recurrence was significantly associated with an improved overall survival compared to patients showing symptoms of recurrence (HR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.57-0.79; P<0.001), which was primarily driven by the prolongation of post-recurrence survival (HR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.42-0.61; P<0.001), since there was no significant difference observed in recurrence-free survival (HR=1.12; 95%CI: 0.81-1.55; P=0.48) between the two groups. Meanwhile, male sex and advanced T stage were more frequently observed in the symptomatic recurrence group. Furthermore, patients in the symptomatic recurrence group had a higher proportion of peritoneal relapse but lower proportion of distant lymph node metastasis. Additionally, patients in the symptomatic recurrence group were less likely to receive surgery treatment and post-recurrence chemotherapy. Conclusion The detection of asymptomatic recurrence using intensive follow-up was associated with an appreciable improvement in overall survival. However, more robust data from high-quality studies are still required to verify this issue. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=327370, identifier CRD42022327370.
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