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Deng Y, Nong Z, Wei M, Xu Y, Luo Y, Li X, Zhao R, Yang Z, Pan L. Characteristics and function of the gut microbiota in patients with IgA nephropathy via metagenomic sequencing technology. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2393754. [PMID: 39177227 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2393754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and related functional pathways of the gut microbiota in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) through metagenomic sequencing technology. METHODS We enrolled individuals with primary IgAN, including patients with normal and abnormal renal function. Additionally, we recruited healthy volunteers as the healthy control group. Stool samples were collected, and species and functional annotation were performed through fecal metagenome sequencing. We employed linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis to identify significantly different bacterial microbiota and functional pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was used to annotate microbiota functions, and redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to analyze the factors affecting the composition and distribution of the gut microbiota. RESULTS LEfSe analysis revealed differences in the gut microbiota between IgAN patients and healthy controls. The characteristic microorganisms in the IgAN group were classified as Escherichia coli, with a significantly greater abundance than that in the healthy control group (p < 0.05). The characteristic microorganisms in the IgAN group with abnormal renal function were identified as Enterococcaceae, Moraxella, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter. KEGG functional analysis demonstrated that the functional pathways of the microbiota that differed between IgAN patients and healthy controls were related primarily to bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The status of the gut microbiota is closely associated not only with the onset of IgAN but also with the renal function of IgAN patients. The characteristic gut microbiota may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiju Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanshan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuzhen Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruobei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Nery Neto JADO, Yariwake VY, Câmara NOS, Andrade-Oliveira V. Enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones as potential targets in the crossroad of the gut-kidney axis communication. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248757. [PMID: 37927592 PMCID: PMC10620747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that disruptions in intestinal homeostasis, such as changes in gut microbiota composition, infection, and inflammatory-related gut diseases, can be associated with kidney diseases. For instance, genomic investigations highlight how susceptibility genes linked to IgA nephropathy are also correlated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Conversely, investigations demonstrate that the use of short-chain fatty acids, produced through fermentation by intestinal bacteria, protects kidney function in models of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Thus, the dialogue between the gut and kidney seems to be crucial in maintaining their proper function, although the factors governing this crosstalk are still emerging as the field evolves. In recent years, a series of studies have highlighted the significance of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) which are part of the secretory lineage of the gut epithelial cells, as important components in gut-kidney crosstalk. EECs are distributed throughout the epithelial layer and release more than 20 hormones in response to microenvironment stimuli. Interestingly, some of these hormones and/or their pathways such as Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, gastrin, and somatostatin have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Therefore, the present review explores the role of EECs and their hormones as regulators of gut-kidney crosstalk and their potential impact on kidney diseases. This comprehensive exploration underscores the substantial contribution of EEC hormones in mediating gut-kidney communication and their promising potential for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arimatéa de Oliveira Nery Neto
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The understanding of the pathogenesis of any disease is the key to effective and specific treatment of the disease. immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is an autoimmune disease of the kidney. Oxford MEST classification is commonly used to stratify patients according to the severity of the disease. Patients with IgA nephropathy seem to produce anti-GalNAc antibodies against a particularly defective IgA1. This immune complex deposits in the kidneys, leading to a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction which ultimately damages the kidneys. People of a certain genetic background and who experience upregulation of certain defective receptors seem to develop primary IgA nephropathy. Secondary IgA nephropathy could be due to dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gut, compromised gut immunity or other gut pathologies, pulmonary function abnormalities, or amyloidosis. Overproduction of IgA due to plasma cell dyscrasia or reduced clearance of IgA due to liver abnormalities could also be potential causes. Genes that predispose individuals to IgA nephropathy and intestinal abnormalities, such as Celiac disease, seem to overlap and these people tend to have a poorer prognosis and need to be placed on more intensive treatment regimens. IgA Vasculitis seems to be a systemic form of IgA nephropathy, whereby IgA deposits systemically and leads to multiple disease manifestations. Patients in high-risk groups could also be prophylactically screened for the disease and closely monitored by immunohistochemical methods such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or identified by genetic testing. Currently, the major treatment regimens involve supportive therapy or immunosuppressive therapy which has major side effects. More specific treatment methods such as monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, or low-antigen-content diet could also be looked into as potential treatment options. Stem cell replacement, by way of bone marrow transplant and tonsillectomy, has been suggested as a treatment option in patients with indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima C Stanley
- Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CHN
| | - Hong Deng
- Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CHN
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Selected Forms of Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205050. [PMID: 31614644 PMCID: PMC6834307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) represents a collection of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation within the renal glomeruli and small blood vessels. The lesions that occur in other nephron structures mainly result from the harmful effects of proteinuria. In recent years, an emphasis has been placed on gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GN in order to facilitate diagnoses and provide efficient and targeted treatments of the disease. Owing to the advanced molecular and genetic diagnostic techniques available today, researchers have been able to elucidate that most cases of GN are determined by genetic risk factors and are associated with the abnormal functioning of the immune system (the immunologically mediated forms of GN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of single-stranded, non-coding molecules, approximately 20 nucleotides in length, that act as regulatory factors in the post-transcriptional processes capable of regulating the expression of multiple genes. In this paper we present the available research aiming to determine effects of miRNAs on the development and progression of GN and discuss the potential role of miRNAs as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu JR, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. J Transl Med 2019; 17:5. [PMID: 30602367 PMCID: PMC6317198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or disease). Recent technological advances and efforts in metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to a dramatical growth in our understanding of microbiome, but still, the mechanisms underlying gut microbiome–host interactions in healthy or diseased state remain elusive and their elucidation is in infancy. Disruption of the normal gut microbiota may lead to intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as a result of gut microbiota alteration, including indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl sulphate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, all implicated in the variant processes of kidney diseases development. This review focuses on the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and kidney diseases (the gut–kidney axis), covering CKD, IgA nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, acute kidney injury, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in clinic. Targeted interventions including probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic measures are discussed for their potential of re-establishing symbiosis, and more effective strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases patients are suggested. The novel insights into the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in kidney diseases are helpful to develop novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating kidney diseases and complications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Li G, Wu W, Zhang X, Huang Y, Wen Y, Li X, Gao R. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:326. [PMID: 30428849 PMCID: PMC6236996 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The correlations between serum TNF-α and disease severity in patients with IgAN remain controversial. Methods Concentrations of serum TNF-α of 147 patients with IgAN and 126 healthy subjects were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Correlations with clinicopathological features of patients with IgAN were evaluated. Results Serum levels of TNF-α [9.20 (7.70–10.60) pg/mL vs. 6.04 (5.11–7.23) pg/mL, P < 0.0001] were higher in patients with IgAN than that in healthy subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that TNF-α had better discrimination between patients with IgAN and healthy controls than estimated glomerular filtration rate [TNF-α: (AUC, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83–0.91; P < 0.0001) vs. estimated glomerular filtration rate: (AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71–0.82; P < 0.0001), P = 0.007]. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that serum levels of TNF-α were positively correlated with 24-h urine protein excretion (r = 0.33, P = 0.04), urinary protein to serum creatinine ratio (r = 0.33, P = 0.03), serum creatinine (r = 0.46, P < 0.0001) and Cystatin C (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001) in IgAN and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = − 0.49, P < 0.0001) after adjustment for sex, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Patients with higher mesangial hypercellularity or tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis score according to Oxford classification showed higher serum levels of TNF-α. Conclusions Our data showed that serum levels of TNF-α detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay was a potential biomarker for evaluating the disease severity in IgAN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yubing Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruitong Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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The impact of gut microbiota on kidney function and pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:412-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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