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Vyas V, Kotla NG, Rochev Y, Poudel A, Biggs M. Multifrequency dielectric mapping of fixed mice colon tissues in cell culture media via scanning electrochemical microscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1063063. [PMID: 36845172 PMCID: PMC9947134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1063063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) is a powerful tool for characterizing the electrochemical reactivity of surfaces. Here, perturbation in the sample is induced by the alternating current and altered local potential is measured by the SECM probe. This technique has been used to investigate many exotic a range of biological interfaces including live cells and tissues, as well as the corrosive degradation of various metallic surfaces, etc. In principle, AC-SECM imaging is derived from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which has been used for a century to describe interfacial and diffusive behaviour of molecules in solution or on a surface. Increasingly bioimpedance centric medical devices have become an important tool to detect evolution of tissue biochemistry. Predictive implications of measuring electrochemical changes within a tissue is one of the core concepts in developing minimally invasive and smart medical devices. In this study, cross sections of mice colon tissue were used for AC-SECM imaging. A 10 micron sized platinum probe was used for two-dimensional (2D) tan δ mapping of histological sections at a frequency of 10 kHz, Thereafter, multifrequency scans were performed at 100 Hz, 10 kHz, 300 kHz, and 900 kHz. Loss tangent (tan δ) mapping of mice colon revealed microscale regions within a tissue possessing a discrete tan δ signature. This tan δ map may be an immediate measure of physiological conditions in biological tissues. Multifrequency scans highlight subtle changes in protein or lipid composition as a function of frequency which was recorded as loss tangent maps. Impedance profile at different frequencies could also be used to identify optimal contrast for imaging and extracting the electrochemical signature specific for a tissue and its electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vyas
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,*Correspondence: Varun Vyas, ; Manus Biggs,
| | - Niranjan G. Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anup Poudel
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Manus Biggs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,*Correspondence: Varun Vyas, ; Manus Biggs,
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Valiūnienė A, Petronienė J, Dulkys M, Ramanavičius A. Investigation of Active and Inactivated Yeast Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Impedance Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Valiūnienė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and GeosciencesVilnius University, Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Petronienė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and GeosciencesVilnius University, Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Dulkys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and GeosciencesVilnius University, Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Ramanavičius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and GeosciencesVilnius University, Naugarduko 24 LT-03225 Vilnius Lithuania
- Laboratory of NanotechnologyState Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Sauletekio ave. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
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Valiūnienė A, Petroniene J, Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Popkirov G, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Redox-probe-free scanning electrochemical microscopy combined with fast Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9831-9836. [PMID: 31026009 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) hybridized with fast Fourier transform-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FFT-EIS) seems to be a powerful variation of scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy (SEIM), wherein both state-of-the-art techniques are combined (FFT-SEIM) and can be used for the investigation and treatment of tissues at single cell level. However, in most EIS-based experiments, harmful redox mediators are applied, which affect the functioning of living cells and tissues. Therefore, the development of a redox-probe-free FFT-SEIM is still a very important challenge in electrochemistry. For this reason, in this research, we have demonstrated a redox-probe-free evaluation of conducting and non-conducting surfaces by combining scanning electrochemical microscopy with FFT-EIS. It was demonstrated that using the fast Fourier transform-based FFT-EIS technique, EIS spectra could be registered much faster compared to experiments performed using the conventional EIS equipment. An ultramicroelectrode (UME) was used as a scanning electrode to ensure high spatial resolution. We have performed FFT-SEIM measurements in a redox-probe-free mode (without any additional redox probes) and have investigated several surfaces with different conductivities. The FFT-EIS equipment and the built-in software help to avoid the influence of possible formation of hydrogen bubbles on the UME. This research opens up a new avenue for the application of FFT-SEIM in the investigation of samples that are unstable and very sensitive towards redox mediators (e.g., tissues and/or living cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Valiūnienė
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Kuznetsov V, Estrada-Vargas A, Maljusch A, Berkes BB, Bandarenka AS, Souto RM, Schuhmann W. Kinetic Passivation Effect of Localized Differential Aeration on Brass. Chempluschem 2016; 81:49-57. [PMID: 31968731 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a localized differential aeration cell on metals, susceptible to both anodic and cathodic corrosion, is a serious threat because of multiple degradation processes commencing with the passivation layer destruction. By using local electrochemical and X-ray dispersive techniques, it has been demonstrated that the differential aeration cell formed on high brass (α-brass, Cu65-Zn35) in the presence of 1H-benzotriazole or 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole plays both corrosion-inhibiting and accelerating roles, depending on the inhibitor exposure time. Alternating-current scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to image local electrochemical activity, whereas energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provided evidence for the mechanism of the observed phenomena. Short-term exposure to the inhibitor (5 min) promotes the formation of a passivation layer in the waterline region. In contrast, after prolonged exposure (45 min), a deficient passivation layer develops for both inhibitors. An excess of zinc(II)-inhibitor complexes in the passivation layer is accountable for the corrosion resistance of the region with high differential aeration. Rapid dezincification and local alkalinization facilitate the initial rapid formation of a passivation layer in the area under differential aeration to preserve its composition upon further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Kuznetsov
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arturo Estrada-Vargas
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Artjom Maljusch
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Balázs B Berkes
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 München, Germany.,Physics-Department ECS, Technical University Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ricardo M Souto
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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The Study of Thin Films by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. NANOSTRUCTURES AND THIN FILMS FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30198-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Adam C, Kanoufi F, Sojic N, Etienne M. Shearforce positioning of nanoprobe electrode arrays for scanning electrochemical microscopy experiments. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Genys P, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy for investigation of glucose oxidase catalyzed reaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:598-602. [PMID: 25620444 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research biointerface based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) was evaluated by scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy (SEIM), which consisted of merged scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The gluconolactone, which is quickly hydrolyzed to gluconic acid, is produced during the enzyme-catalyzed glucose oxidation reaction. Gluconic acid formed above an enzyme-modified not-conducting plastic surface, was evaluated by EIS technique. A two electrode cell consisting of a scanning probe, which was based on 10 μm diameter ultramicroelectrode and stationary platinum counter/reference electrode was applied for the measurement. Locally measured solution impedance depends on the gluconic acid concentration close to the ultramicroelectrode surface and on the ion diffusion, which is hindered when the electrode is approaching close to the GOx-modified surface. EIS results were evaluated by applying an equivalent circuit consisting of elements representing solution resistance, double-layer capacitance, charge-transfer resistance and Warburg impedance. Solution resistance was calculated and showed to be dependent on the position of ultramicroelectrode. Also it was observed that the thickness of the conducting layer and gluconic acid concentration both are changing in time. The results indicate that here proposed SEIM technique could become a valuable tool for the investigation and characterization of enzyme-modified surfaces of biosensors and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - P Genys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Ramanaviciene
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Dauphin-Ducharme P, Binns WJ, Snowden ME, Shoesmith DW, Mauzeroll J. Determination of the local corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using a shear force mounted scanning microcapillary method. Faraday Discuss 2015; 180:331-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful development of scanning probe techniques to characterize corrosion in situ using multifunctional probes is intrinsically tied to surface topography signal decoupling from the measured electrochemical fluxes. One viable strategy is the shear force controlled scanning microcapillary method. Using this method, pulled quartz micropipettes with an aperture of 500 nm diameter were used to resolve small and large variations in topography in order to quantify the local corrosion rate of microgalvanically and galvanically corroded Mg alloys. To achieve topography monitoring of corroded surfaces, shear force feedback was employed to position the micropipette at a reproducible working height above the substrate. We present proof of concept measurements over a galvanic couple of a magnesium alloy (AE44) and mild steel along with a microgalvanically corroded ZEK100 Mg alloy, which illustrates the ability of shear force to track small (1.4 μm) and large (700 μm) topographic variations from high aspect ratio features. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robustness of the technique by acquiring topographic data for 4 mm along the magnesium–steel galvanic couple sample and a 250 × 30 μm topography map over the ZEK100 Mg alloy. All topography results were benchmarked using standard optical microscopies (profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Jeffrey Binns
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Western
- Western University
- London
- Canada
| | | | - David W. Shoesmith
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Western
- Western University
- London
- Canada
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9
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Luo H, Dong C, Gao S, Du C, Xiao K, Li X. Sensing application in the precursor region of localized corrosion by scanning electrochemical microscopy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Imaging a Single Living Cell via Shear Force-based Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy in Standing Approach Mode with Differential Control. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Etienne M, Lhenry S, Cornut R, Lefrou C. Optimization of the shearforce signal for scanning electrochemical microscopy and application for kinetic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Kececi K, Velmurugan J, Mirkin MV. Electron transfer/ion transfer mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM): a new tool for imaging and kinetic studies. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Diakowski PM, Chen M. Surface Analysis of Materials in Aqueous Solution by Localized Alternating Current Impedance Measurements. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7622-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3019944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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14
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Santana JJ, Pähler M, Schuhmann W, Souto RM. Investigation of Copper Corrosion Inhibition with Frequency-Dependent Alternating-Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Etienne M, Layoussifi B, Giornelli T, Jacquet D. SECM-based automate equipped with a shearforce detection for the characterization of large and complex samples. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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16
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Pähler M, Schuhmann W, Gratzl M. Simultaneous visualization of surface topography and concentration field by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy using a single electrochemical probe and impedance spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2798-805. [PMID: 22002894 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy visualizes concentration profiles. To determine the location of the probe relative to topographical features of the substrate, knowledge of the probe-to-sample distance at each probe position is required. The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for obtaining information on the substrate-to-probe distance and on the concentration of interest using the electrochemical probe alone is suggested. By tuning the frequencies of interrogation, the probe-to-substrate distance can be derived followed by interrogation of processes that carry information on concentration at lower frequencies. These processes may include charge-transfer relaxation, diffusional relaxation at the electrode, and open-circuit potential at zero frequency. A potentiometric chloride sensing microprobe is used herein to reconstruct both topography and the concentration field at a microscopic diffusional source of chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Pähler
- Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Trinh D, Keddam M, Novoa XR, Vivier V. Alternating-Current Measurements in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Part 1: Principle and Theory. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cortés-Salazar F, Momotenko D, Girault HH, Lesch A, Wittstock G. Seeing Big with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1493-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101931d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Lesch
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Germany)
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Beaulieu I, Kuss S, Mauzeroll J, Geissler M. Biological scanning electrochemical microscopy and its application to live cell studies. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1485-92. [PMID: 21214262 DOI: 10.1021/ac101906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Mirkin MV, Nogala W, Velmurugan J, Wang Y. Scanning electrochemical microscopy in the 21st century. Update 1: five years after. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21196-212. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Pähler M, Santana JJ, Schuhmann W, Souto RM. Application of AC-SECM in Corrosion Science: Local Visualisation of Inhibitor Films on Active Metals for Corrosion Protection. Chemistry 2010; 17:905-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhao X, Diakowski PM, Ding Z. Deconvoluting Topography and Spatial Physiological Activity of Live Macrophage Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in Constant-Distance Mode. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8371-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101524v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Piotr M. Diakowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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Schulte A, Nebel M, Schuhmann W. Scanning electrochemical microscopy in neuroscience. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:299-318. [PMID: 20636044 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent work involving the application of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to the study of individual cultured living cells, with an emphasis on topographical and functional imaging of neuronal and secretory cells of the nervous and endocrine system. The basic principles of biological SECM and associated negative amperometric-feedback and generator/collector-mode SECM imaging are discussed, and successful use of the methodology for screening soft and fragile membranous objects is outlined. The drawbacks of the constant-height mode of probe movement and the benefits of the constant-distance mode of SECM operation are described. Finally, representative examples of constant-height and constant-distance mode SECM on a variety of live cells are highlighted to demonstrate the current status of single-cell SECM in general and of SECM in neuroscience in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Schulte
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Cortés-Salazar F, Träuble M, Li F, Busnel JM, Gassner AL, Hojeij M, Wittstock G, Girault HH. Soft Stylus Probes for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6889-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900887u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus Träuble
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Gassner
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Hojeij
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Cougnon C, Bauer-Espindola K, Fabre DS, Mauzeroll J. Development of a phase-controlled constant-distance scanning electrochemical microscope. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3654-9. [PMID: 19326905 DOI: 10.1021/ac802211u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present shear-force constant-distance scanning electrochemical microscope regulates tip-to-substrate distance using a phase-controlled feedback mechanism that is more sensitive than the amplitude-controlled constant-distance scanning electrochemical microscopes. Phase control responds faster to frequency perturbation and presents enhance sensitivity during distance curves under constant-distance mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cougnon
- UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
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Zhu R, Macfie SM, Ding Z. Effects of cadmium on photosynthetic oxygen evolution from single stomata in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:14261-14268. [PMID: 19360968 DOI: 10.1021/la8018875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was utilized to investigate photosynthetic oxygen evolution from single stomata in leaves of live Brassica juncea (L.) Czern cultured in nutrient solution to which 0.2 or 0.01 mM CdC12 had been added. The bulk leaf surface serves as an insulator normally; therefore, a typical negative feedback was observed on the probe approach curves (PACs) when the probe approached epidermal cells. When the probe tip approached an open stoma, a higher tip current was detected due to the O2 release from this stoma. Thus, SECM can be used to map the O2 concentration profile near the leaf surface and study stomatal complex structure size and density. The oxygen release from single stomata was also analyzed by comparison of experimental PACs with those simulated by COMSOL multiphysics software (version 3.4). In addition to an increase in the stomatal complex size and a decrease in the complex density, the Cd accumulation caused up to a 26% decrease in photosynthetic rate determined at the level of a single stoma. The O2 evolution was also monitored by recording the tip current vs time when a tip sat above the center of a stoma. Periodic peaks in O2 release-time curves were observed, varying from 400 to 1600 s. The opening and closing activities of single stomata were also imaged by SECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhu R, Qin Z, Noël JJ, Shoesmith DW, Ding Z. Analyzing the Influence of Alloying Elements and Impurities on the Localized Reactivity of Titanium Grade-7 by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1437-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701796u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renkang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ziqiang Qin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James J. Noël
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - David W. Shoesmith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Eckhard K, Schuhmann W. Alternating current techniques in scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM). Analyst 2008; 133:1486-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b806721j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diakowski PM, Ding Z. Interrogation of living cells using alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5966-74. [PMID: 18004408 DOI: 10.1039/b711448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present the application of alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) to the study of living cells. Commercial AFM instrumentation was modified to allow for performing robust AC-SECM measurements. Constant height AC imaging of the Cos-7 cells, performed directly in cell culture medium without the addition of a redox mediator, provided topographical information of the cell. Stationary tip measurements on the AC current were carried out to investigate the cellular activity of a single cell. The dependence of AC current magnitude on tip-to-sample separation distance was used to monitor real time changes in cell height of individual Cos-7 cells. Furthermore, AC-SECM was employed to observe changes in metabolic cellular activity stimulated by ethanol and phorbol-1,2-myristate-acetate-3. The effect of changing cellular activity on constant height AC-SECM imaging was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M Diakowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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