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Portillo S, Manzanares JA, Ramirez P, Bisquert J, Mafe S, Cervera J. pH-Dependent Effects in Nanofluidic Memristors. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7793-7798. [PMID: 39049562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multipore membranes with nanofluidic diodes show memristive and current rectifying effects that can be controlled by the nanostructure asymmetry and ionic solution characteristics in addition to the frequency and amplitude of the electrical driving signal. Here, we show that the electrical conduction phenomena, which are modulated by the interaction between the pore surface charges and the solution mobile ions, allow for a pH-dependent neuromorphic-like potentiation of the membrane conductance by voltage pulses. Also, we demonstrate that arrangements of memristors can be employed in the design of electrochemical circuits for implementing logic functions and information processing in iontronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Portillo
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José A Manzanares
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Patricio Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. dels Tarongers, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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2
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Ramirez P, Portillo S, Cervera J, Bisquert J, Mafe S. Memristive arrangements of nanofluidic pores. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044803. [PMID: 38755814 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that nanofluidic diodes in multipore membranes show a memristive behavior that can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of the external signal but also by series and parallel arrangements of the membranes. Each memristor consists of a polymeric membrane with conical nanopores that allow current rectification due to the electrical interaction between the ionic solution and the pore surface charges. This surface charge-regulated ionic transport shows a rich nonlinear physics, including memory and inductive effects, which are characterized here by the current-voltage curves and electrical impedance spectroscopy. Also, neuromorphiclike potentiation of the membrane conductance following voltage pulses (spikes) is observed. The multipore membrane with nanofluidic diodes shows physical concepts that should have application for information processing and signal conversion in iontronics hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Sergio Portillo
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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3
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Ramirez P, Cervera J, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of membranes with nanofluidic conical pores. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:876-885. [PMID: 37979293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) constitutes a useful tool in membrane science and technology because it provides valuable structural and functional information. The different arcs observed in the impedance spectra permit to decouple and understand distinct physico-chemical phenomena occurring under operating conditions. By using EIS techniques, we have characterized here multipore asymmetric membranes with conical pores that exhibit a broad range of ionic conduction properties, including current rectification. These properties can be modulated by tuning the electrical interaction between the charges functionalized on the pore surface and the nanoconfined ionic solution. In particular, the membrane electrical response is studied as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the external voltage signal, the electrolyte type and concentration, and the solution pH. Remarkably, significant chemical inductance effects are observed. The scalability and biocompatibility of these pores suggest good potential for use in hybrid biodevices and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain.
| | - Javier Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Saima Nasir
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain; Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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4
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Ramirez P, Portillo S, Cervera J, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Neuromorphic responses of nanofluidic memristors in symmetric and asymmetric ionic solutions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044701. [PMID: 38258920 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that ionic conduction properties of a multipore nanofluidic memristor can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of an external driving signal but also by chemical gating based on the electrolyte concentration, presence of divalent and trivalent cations, and multi-ionic systems in single and mixed electrolytes. In addition, we describe the modulation of current rectification and hysteresis phenomena, together with neuromorphic conductance responses to voltage pulses, in symmetric and asymmetric external solutions. In our case, memristor conical pores act as nanofluidic diodes modulated by ionic solution characteristics due to the surface charge-regulated ionic transport. The above facts suggest potential sensing and actuating applications based on the conversion between ionic and electronic signals in bioelectrochemical hybrid circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Sergio Portillo
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Saima Nasir
- Dept. of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Dept. of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Ramirez P, Gómez V, Cervera J, Mafe S, Bisquert J. Synaptical Tunability of Multipore Nanofluidic Memristors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:10930-10934. [PMID: 38033300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a multipore nanofluidic memristor with conical pores showcasing a wide range of hysteresis and memristor properties that provide functionalities for brainlike computation in neuromorphic applications. Leveraging the interplay between the charged functional groups on the pore surfaces and the confined ionic solution, the memristor characteristics are modulated through the electrolyte type, ionic concentrations, and pH levels of the aqueous solution. The multipore membrane mimics the functional characteristics of biological ion channels and displays synaptical potentiation and depression. Furthermore, this property can be inverted in polarity by chemically varying the pH level. The ability to modulate memory effects by ionic conductivity holds promise for enhancing signal information processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Vicente Gómez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Hu YL, Hua Y, Pan ZQ, Qian JH, Yu XY, Bao N, Huo XL, Wu ZQ, Xia XH. PNP Nanofluidic Transistor with Actively Tunable Current Response and Ionic Signal Amplification. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3678-3684. [PMID: 35442043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by electronic transistors, electric field gating has been adopted to manipulate ionic currents of smart nanofluidic devices. Here, we report a PNP nanofluidic bipolar junction transistor (nBJT) consisting of one polyaniline (PANI) layer sandwiched between two polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoporous membranes. The PNP nBJT exhibits three different responses of currents (quasi-linear, rectification, and sigmoid) due to the counterbalance between surface charge distribution and base voltage applied in the nanofluidic channels; thus, they can be switched by base voltage. Four operating modes (cutoff, active, saturation, and breakdown mode) occur in the collector response currents. Under optimal conditions, the PNP nBJT exhibits an average current gain of up to 95 in 100 mM KCl solution at a low base voltage of 0.2 V. The present nBJT is promising for fabrication of nanofluidic devices with logical-control functions for analysis of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Hu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yu Hua
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Pan
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jia-Han Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Huo
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Pardehkhorram R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance by polymer functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5188-5204. [PMID: 35394003 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the design and performance of biological pores, polymer functionalization of nanopores has emerged as an evolving field to advance transport performance within the last few years. This feature article outlines developments in nanopore functionalization and the resulting transport performance including gating based on electrostatic interaction, wettability and ligand binding, gradual transport controlled by polymerization as well as functionalization-based asymmetric nanopore and nanoporous material design going towards the transport direction. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance and thus reducing the performance gap between biological and technological pores is strongly related to advances in polymerization chemistry and their translation into nanopore functionalization. Thereby, the effect of the spatial confinement has to be considered for polymer functionalization as well as for transport regulation, and mechanistic understanding is strongly increased by combining experiment and theory. A full mechanistic understanding together with highly precise nanopore structure design and polymer functionalization is not only expected to improve existing application of nanoporous materials but also opens the door to new technologies. The latter might include out of equilibrium devices, ionic circuits, or machine learning based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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Lucas RA, Siwy ZS. Tunable Nanopore Arrays as the Basis for Ionic Circuits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56622-56631. [PMID: 33283510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in preparing ionic circuits capable of manipulating ionic and molecular transport in a solution. This direction of research is inspired by biological systems where multiple pores with different functionalities embedded in a cell membrane transmit external signals and underlie all physiological processes. In this manuscript, we describe the modeling of ion transport through small arrays of nanopores consisting of 3, 6, and 9 nanopores and an integrated gate electrode placed on the membrane surface next to one pore opening. We show that by tuning the gate voltage and strategically placing nanopores with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics, the local signal at the gate affects ionic transport through all nanopores in the array. Conditions were identified when the same gate voltage induced opposite rectification properties of neighboring nanopores. We also demonstrate that an ionic diode embedded in a nanopore array can modulate transport properties of neighboring pores even without a gate voltage. The results are explained by the role of concentration polarization and overlapping depletion zones on one side of the membrane. The modeling presented here is intended to become an inspiration to future experiments to create nanopore arrays that can transduce signals in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Lucas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 210G Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 210G Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Wang M, Hou Y, Yu L, Hou X. Anomalies of Ionic/Molecular Transport in Nano and Sub-Nano Confinement. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6937-6946. [PMID: 32852959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and exploring the transport behaviors of ions and molecules in the nano and sub-nano confinement has great meaning in the fields of nanofluidics and basic transport physics. With the rapid progress in nanofabrication technology and effective characterization protocols, more and more anomalous transport behaviors have been observed and the ions/molecules inside small confinement can behave dramatically differently from bulk systems and present new mechanisms. In this Mini Review, we summarize the recent advances in the anomalous ionic/molecular transport behaviors in nano and sub-nano confinement. Our discussion includes the ionic/molecular transport of various confinement with different surface properties, static structures, and dynamic structures. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of the latest applications of nanofluidics in membrane separation and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lejian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
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10
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Ali M, Ramirez P, Nasir S, Cervera J, Mafe S, Ensinger W. Ionic circuitry with nanofluidic diodes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9682-9689. [PMID: 31720668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionic circuits composed of nanopores functionalized with polyelectrolyte chains can operate in aqueous solutions, thus allowing the control of electrical signals and information processing in physiological environments. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that different orientations of single-pore membranes with the same and opposite surface charges can operate reliably in series, parallel, and mixed series-parallel arrangements of two, three, and four nanofluidic diodes using schemes similar to those of solid-state electronics. We consider also different experimental procedures to externally tune the fixed charges of the molecular chains functionalized on the pore surface, showing that single-pore membranes can be used efficiently in ionic circuitry with distinct ionic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Ali
- Dept. of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Wang Y, Chen H, Jiang J, Zhai J, You T. Ion Transport Behaviors of Nanofluidic Diode Bichannel Systems in the Independent and Synergistic Cascade Mode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26467-26473. [PMID: 31245991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanofluidic diode device was a significant ionic transistor. Its multiple cascades could realize diversified ion transport behaviors and information processing functions. Different cascade modes of channel units will affect the response current properties of multichannel systems. Inspired by independent and synergistic effects in semiconductor transistors, artificial conical nanoporous bichannel systems were investigated in separation and stacking cascade modes to discuss their different ion transport behaviors. The dynamic resistance fitting method was adopted to discuss the properties of each circuit components in the bichannel system for analyzing the circuit properties in different cascade modes. In the stacking mode, electric field interactions at the heterojunctions between channel units dominated the ionic transport properties, and response current of the bichannel system was influenced by the channel unit cascade sequence. In the separation mode, channel units transport ions independently, and the cascade sequence had little effect on response current properties of the system. These promising results provide a new strategy to design and build a series of artificial composite nanochannels with multifunction and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Huaxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Tingting You
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
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