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Lyu D, Märker K, Zhou Y, Zhao EW, Gunnarsdóttir AB, Niblett SP, Forse AC, Grey CP. Understanding Sorption of Aqueous Electrolytes in Porous Carbon by NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9897-9910. [PMID: 38560816 PMCID: PMC11009947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ion adsorption at solid-water interfaces is crucial for many electrochemical processes involving aqueous electrolytes including energy storage, electrochemical separations, and electrocatalysis. However, the impact of the hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions on the ion adsorption and surface charge distributions remains poorly understood. Many fundamental studies of supercapacitors focus on non-aqueous electrolytes to avoid addressing the role of functional groups and electrolyte pH in altering ion uptake. Achieving microscopic level characterization of interfacial mixed ion adsorption is particularly challenging due to the complex ion dynamics, disordered structures, and hierarchical porosity of the carbon electrodes. This work addresses these challenges starting with pH measurements to quantify the adsorbed H3O+ concentrations, which reveal the basic nature of the activated carbon YP-50F commonly used in supercapacitors. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is used to study the uptake of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) aqueous electrolyte in the YP-50F carbon across the full pH range. The NMR data analysis highlights the importance of including the fast ion-exchange processes for accurate quantification of the adsorbed ions. Under acidic conditions, more TFSI- ions are adsorbed in the carbon pores than Li+ ions, with charge compensation also occurring via H3O+ adsorption. Under neutral and basic conditions, when the carbon's surface charge is close to zero, the Li+ and TFSI- ions exhibit similar but lower affinities toward the carbon pores. Our experimental approach and evidence of H3O+ uptake in pores provide a methodology to relate the local structure to the function and performance in a wide range of materials for energy applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxun Lyu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yuning Zhou
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Samuel P. Niblett
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Platek-Mielczarek A, Piwek J, Frackowiak E, Fic K. Ambiguous Role of Cations in the Long-Term Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors with Aqueous Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23860-23874. [PMID: 37142329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive comparison of electrochemical capacitors (ECs) with various aqueous alkali metal sulfate solutions (Li2SO4, Na2SO4, Rb2SO4, and Cs2SO4) is reported. The EC with a less conductive 1 mol L-1 Li2SO4 solution demonstrates the best long-term performance (214 h floating test) compared to the EC with a highly conductive 1 mol L-1 Cs2SO4 solution (200 h). Both the positive and negative EC electrodes are affected by extensive oxidation and hydrogen electrosorption, respectively, during the aging process, as proven by the SBET fade. Interestingly, carbonate formation is observed as a minor cause of aging. Two strategies for optimizing sulfate-based ECs are proposed. In the first approach, Li2SO4 solutions with the pH adjusted to 3, 7, and 11 are investigated. The sulfate solution alkalization inhibits subsequent redox reactions, and as a result, EC performance is successfully enhanced. The second approach exploits so-called bication electrolytic solutions based on a mixture of Li2SO4 and Na2SO4 at an equal concentration. This concept allows the operational time to be significantly prolonged, up to 648 h (+200% compared to 1 mol L-1 Li2SO4). Therefore, two successful pathways for improving sulfate-based ECs are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Platek-Mielczarek
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Piwek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Frackowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Sasikumar A, Griffin JM, Merlet C. Understanding the Chemical Shifts of Aqueous Electrolyte Species Adsorbed in Carbon Nanopores. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8953-8962. [PMID: 36135796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between aqueous electrolytes and nanoporous carbons are involved in a number of technological applications such as energy storage and capacitive deionization. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy is a very useful tool to characterize ion adsorption in such systems thanks to its nuclei specificity and the ability to distinguish between ions in the bulk and in pores. We use complementary methods (density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, and a mesoscopic model) to investigate the relative importance of various effects on the chemical shifts of adsorbed species: ring currents, ion organization in pores of various sizes, specific ion-carbon interactions, and hydration. We show that ring currents and ion organization are predominant for the determination of chemical shifts in the case of Li+ ions and hydrogen atoms of water. For the large Rb+ and Cs+ ions, the additional effect of the hydration shell should be considered to predict chemical shifts in agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Sasikumar
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, HUB de l'Énergie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Céline Merlet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, HUB de l'Énergie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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Jung Y, Lee S, Kim K. Rate-controlling element in the self-discharge process in electrochemical double-layer capacitors. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Escobar-Teran F, Perrot H, Sel O. Ion Dynamics at the Carbon Electrode/Electrolyte Interface: Influence of Carbon Nanotubes Types. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1867. [PMID: 35269098 PMCID: PMC8912032 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and AC-electrogravimetry methods were employed to study ion dynamics in carbon nanotube base electrodes in NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Two types of carbon nanotubes, Double Wall Carbon Nanotube (DWCNT) and Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), were chosen due to their variable morphology of pores and structure properties. The effect of pore morphology/structure on the capacitive charge storage mechanisms demonstrated that DWCNT base electrodes are the best candidates for energy storage applications in terms of current variation and specific surface area. Furthermore, the mass change obtained via EQCM showed that DWCNT films is 1.5 times greater than MWCNT films in the same potential range. In this way, the permselectivity of DWCNT films showed cation exchange preference at cathode potentials while MWCNT films showed anion exchange preference at anode potentials. The relative concentration obtained from AC-electrogravimetry confirm that DWCNT base electrodes are the best candidates for charge storage capacity electrodes, since they can accommodate higher concentration of charged species than MWCNT base electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Escobar-Teran
- Laboratory Interfaces and Electrochemical Systems, LISE, UMR8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.E.-T.); (O.S.)
- Department of Exact Sciences, The Armed Forces University-ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Laboratory Interfaces and Electrochemical Systems, LISE, UMR8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.E.-T.); (O.S.)
| | - Ozlem Sel
- Laboratory Interfaces and Electrochemical Systems, LISE, UMR8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.E.-T.); (O.S.)
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Wu Y, Ye J, Jiang G, Ni K, Shu N, Taberna P, Zhu Y, Simon P. Electrochemical Characterization of Single Layer Graphene/Electrolyte Interface: Effect of Solvent on the Interfacial Capacitance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13317-13322. [PMID: 33555100 PMCID: PMC8252098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of the basic understanding of the charge storage mechanisms in electrodes for energy storage applications needs deep characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, we studied the charge of the double layer capacitance at single layer graphene (SLG) electrode used as a model material, in neat (EMIm-TFSI) and solvated (with acetonitrile) ionic liquid electrodes. The combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements evidence that the presence of solvent drastically increases the charge carrier density at the SLG/ionic liquid interface. The capacitance is thus governed not only by the electronic properties of the graphene, but also by the specific organization of the electrolyte side at the SLG surface originating from the strong interactions existing between the EMIm+ cations and SLG surface. EQCM measurements also show that the carbon structure, with the presence of sp2 carbons, affects the charge storage mechanism by favoring counter-ion adsorption on SLG electrode versus ion exchange mechanism in amorphous porous carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih‐Chyng Wu
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
| | - Jianglin Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Gengping Jiang
- College of ScienceWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430080China
| | - Kun Ni
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Na Shu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Pierre‐Louis Taberna
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Patrice Simon
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
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Electrochemical Characterization of Single Layer Graphene/Electrolyte Interface: Effect of Solvent on the Interfacial Capacitance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shao H, Wu YC, Lin Z, Taberna PL, Simon P. Nanoporous carbon for electrochemical capacitive energy storage. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3005-3039. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances of nanoporous carbon materials in the application of EDLCs, including a better understanding of the charge storage mechanisms by combining the advanced techniques and simulations methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Université Paul Sabatier
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)
| | - Yih-Chyng Wu
- Université Paul Sabatier
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)
| | - Zifeng Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- Université Paul Sabatier
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)
| | - Patrice Simon
- Université Paul Sabatier
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)
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Ye J, Wu YC, Xu K, Ni K, Shu N, Taberna PL, Zhu Y, Simon P. Charge Storage Mechanisms of Single-Layer Graphene in Ionic Liquid. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16559-16563. [PMID: 31588740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based carbon materials are promising candidates for electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitors, and there is considerable interest in understanding the structure and properties of the graphene/electrolyte interface. Here, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) are used to characterize the ion fluxes and adsorption on single-layer graphene in neat ionic liquid (EMI-TFSI) electrolyte. It is found that a positively charged ion-species desorption and ion reorganization dominate the double-layer charging during positive and negative polarizations, respectively, leading to the increase in EDL capacitance with applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China.,CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085 , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Yih-Chyng Wu
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085 , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 80039 Amiens , France
| | - Kui Xu
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085 , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 80039 Amiens , France
| | - Kun Ni
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Na Shu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085 , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 80039 Amiens , France
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085 , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) , CNRS FR3459 , 80039 Amiens , France
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