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Wang J, Li C, Rauf M, Luo H, Sun X, Jiang Y. Gas diffusion electrodes for H 2O 2 production and their applications for electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants in water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143459. [PMID: 33223172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is a great challenge to minimize the negative impact of hazardous organic compounds in the environment. Highly efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production through electrochemical methods with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) is greatly demand for degradation of organic pollutants that present in drinking water and industrial wastewater. The GDEs as cathodic electrocatalyst manifest more cost-effective, lower energy consumption and higher oxygen utilization efficiency for H2O2 production as compared to other carbonaceous cathodes due to its worthy chemical and physical characteristics. In recent years, the crucial research and practical application of GDE for degradation of organic pollutants have been well developed. In this review, we focus on the novel design, fundamental aspects, influence factors, and electrochemical properties of GDEs. Furthermore, we investigate the generation of H2O2 through electrocatalytic processes and degradation mechanisms of refractory organic pollutants on GDEs. We describe the advanced methodologies towards electrochemical kinetics, which include the enhancement of GDEs electrochemical catalytic activity and mass transfer process. More importantly, we also highlight the other technologies assisted electrochemical process with GDEs to enlarge the practical application for water treatment. In addition, the developmental prospective and the existing research challenges of GDE-based electrocatalytic materials for real applications in H2O2 production and wastewater treatment are forecasted. According to our best knowledge, only few review articles have discussed GDEs in detail for H2O2 production and their applications for degradation of organic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chaolin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Haijian Luo
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xue Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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2
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He Z, Tong Y, Ni S, Ye X, Makwarimba CP, Huang X, Zhang S, Song S. Electrochemically reductive dechlorination of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid on a palladium/nitrogen-doped carbon/nickel foam electrode. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Boukreris S, Ilikti H, Youcef MH, Khenifi A, Benabdallah T. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenolysis of Chlorophenolic Compounds by Modified Electrodes in Aqueous Medium in the Absence and the Presence of Ionic Surfactant. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis of different chlorophenolic compounds, namely 2-chlorophenol (2CP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) was performed on nickel-silica (Ni-SiO2) and nickel-clay (Ni-CY) electrode catalyts. The influence of the catalytic support and the surfactant agent was studied in aqueous media at different pH. Results demonstrated that different regioselectivities were observed according to the used catalytic support. The cyclohexanone was obtained as the major product. In presence of ionic surfactants (SDS and CTAB), the investigated electrodes exhibited a promising dechlorination and hydrogenation potential of aromatic halides with high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Boukreris
- 1Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM)
| | - Hocine Ilikti
- 1Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM)
| | | | - Aicha Khenifi
- 2Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCMCE)
| | - Tayeb Benabdallah
- 1Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM)
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4
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Sun Z, Ma X, Hu X. Electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2,3,5-trichlorophenol on palladium/carbon nanotubes-nafion film/titanium mesh electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14355-14364. [PMID: 28429272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palladium/carbon nanotubes-nafion film-modified titanium mesh electrode (Pd/CNTs-nafion film/Ti electrode) was prepared and used for catalytic dechlorination of 2,3,5-trichlorophenol (2,3,5-TCP). The influences of factors, such as Pd2+ concentration, plating solution pH, and electrodeposition time and current, on the preparation of the electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to establish the optimal electrode preparation conditions. Additionally, the CV results highlighted that the addition of the CNTs-nafion film could enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The Pd/CNTs-nafion film/Ti electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The electrode exhibited good stability and high catalytic dechlorination capacity on 2,3,5-TCP-100 mg L-1 2,3,5-TCP was completely dechlorinated within 100 min at a dechlorination current of 5 mA and an initial solution pH of 2.3. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the chlorinated phenolic intermediates, and the results revealed that the final products were mainly phenol. The kinetics studies revealed that the dechlorination of 2,3,5-TCP followed two-stage mixed order kinetics, and a possible degradation pathway for 2,3,5-TCP was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyue Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Improvement of electrochemical reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using palladium catalysts prepared by a pulsed electrodeposition method. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Sun Z, Wei X, Shen H, Hu X. Preparation and evaluation of Pd/polymeric pyrrole-sodium lauryl sulfonate/foam-Ni electrode for 2,4-dichlorophenol dechlorination in aqueous solution. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Liu B, Ding C, Xiao B, Cui L, Wang M. Electrocatalytic dechlorination of chloroacetic acids on silver nanodendrites electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen X, Hu X, An L, Zhang N, Xia D, Zuo X, Wang X. Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Atrazine Using Binuclear Iron Phthalocyanine as Electrocatalysts. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-013-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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He Z, Sun J, Wei J, Wang Q, Huang C, Chen J, Song S. Effect of silver or copper middle layer on the performance of palladium modified nickel foam electrodes in the 2-chlorobiphenyl dechlorination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 250-251:181-189. [PMID: 23454456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the activity of chemi-deposited palladium/nickel foam (Pd/Ni) electrodes used for an electrochemical dechlorination process, silver or copper was deposited electrochemically onto the nickel foam substrate (to give Ag/Ni or Cu/Ni) before the chemical deposition of palladium. The physicochemical properties of the resulting materials (Pd/Ni, Pd/Ag/Ni and Pd/Cu/Ni) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their electrochemical catalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the electrochemical dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CB) in strongly alkaline methanol/water solution. The results show that the Pd/Ag/Ni and Pd/Cu/Ni electrodes had consistently higher electrocatalytic activities and current efficiencies (CEs) compared with the untreated Pd/Ni electrode. The Pd/Ag/Ni electrode exhibited the highest activity. The dechlorination was also studied as a function of Pd loading, the Ag or Cu interlayer loadings, and the current density. The Pd loading and the interlayer loadings both had positive effects on the dechlorination reaction. Increasing the current density increased the reaction rate but reduced the CE. The improvement of the electrocatalytic activities of the Pd/Ni electrode by applying the interlayer of Ag or Cu resulted from the enlargement of the effective surface area of the electrode and the adjustment of the metal-H bond energy to the appropriate value, as well as the effective adsorption of 2-CB on Ag. Moreover, the high catalytic activity of the Pd/Ag/Ni electrode was maintained after six successive cyclic experiments, whereas Pd/Cu/Ni electrodes deactivate severely under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao He
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Liu H, Cheng X, Xin Y, Xu W, Ma Z, Ma J, Ren N, Li Q. Stability of Palladium-Polypyrrole-Foam Nickel Electrode and Its Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination for Dichlorophenol Isomers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3021522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanjun Xin
- School of Resource
and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhenpeng Ma
- School of Resource
and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology
and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Broadway, New York 10027, United States
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He Z, Zhan L, Wang Q, Song S, Chen J, Zhu K, Xu X, Liu W. Increasing the activity and stability of chemi-deposited palladium catalysts on nickel foam substrate by electrochemical deposition of a middle coating of silver. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Preparation of foam-nickel composite electrode and its application to 2,4-dichlorophenol dechlorination in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Sun Z, Ge H, Hu X, Peng Y. Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Chloroform in Aqueous Solution on Palladium/Titanium Electrode. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Electrochemical reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride on nanostructured Pd thin films. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Hu X, Ge H, Li BH, Sun ZR. Preparation and Characterization of Codeposited Palladium-Nickel/Titanium Electrodes and Palladium-Nickel/Polymeric Pyrrole Film/Titanium Electrodes. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Wang J. Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol on a palladium modified gas-diffusion electrode. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Sun Z, Li B, Hu X, Shi M, Hou Q, Peng Y. Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution on palladium/foam-nickel and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel electrodes. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:268-272. [PMID: 18595391 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)60042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution was investigated using palladium-loaded electrodes at ambient temperature. Palladium/foam-nickel (Pd/foam-Ni) and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel (Pd/PPy/foam-Ni) composite electrodes which provided catalytic surface for reductive dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution were prepared using an electrodepositing method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that polymeric pyrrole film modified the electrode-surface characteristics and resulted in the uniform dispersion of needle-shaped palladium particles on foam-Ni supporting electrode. The experimental results of dechlorination indicated that the removal efficiency of chloroform and current efficiency in neutral aqueous solution on Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode could be up to 36.8% and 33.0% at dechlorination current of 0.1 mA and dechlorination time of 180 min, which is much higher than that of Pd/foam-Ni electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China.
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Casella IG, Contursi M. Electrocatalytic reduction of chlorophenoxy acids at palladium-modified glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang B, Yu G, Shuai D. Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl in aqueous solution using palladized nickel foam cathode. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:1361-7. [PMID: 17141295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl on palladized nickel foam with high porous structure in an aqueous solution containing MeOH, bromide of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (CTAB), sodium acetate, and acetic acid were investigated in a membrane-separated flow-through cell. The Pd/Ni foam electrode was prepared by electroless deposition method, on which the Pd particles dispersed finely over Ni foam surface indicated by SEM-EDX analysis. The effects of current density, organic cosolvent, initial concentration, temperature, and flow rate on the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl were examined. Methanol was among the best cosolvents and was used in preferential concentration of 50 vol%. Moderate current density (e.g., 2.23 mA cm(-2)), relatively high initial concentration, temperature, and flow rate were beneficial to improve the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl. The current efficiencies for the conversion of 1mM 4-MCB decreased with increasing current density and range from 37.2% at 0.74 mA cm(-2) to 14.1% at 5.21 mA cm(-2) after 20 min electrolysis cut. Under the optimized conditions, 1mM of 4-MCB could be removed rapidly with the rate of 94.6% after 2h electrolysis, which gave current efficiencies and energy consumptions in range of 8.1-24.6% and 1.7-5.2 kW h kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, POPs Research Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Han Y, Quan X, Chen S, Wang S, Zhang Y. Electrochemical enhancement of adsorption capacity of activated carbon fibers and their surface physicochemical characterizations. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Electrochemical hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl in aqueous solution with the optimization of palladium-loaded cathode materials. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen G, Wang Z, Yang T, Huang D, Xia D. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Chlorophenol on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified by Composite Polypyrrole/Palladium Film. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4863-8. [PMID: 16526724 DOI: 10.1021/jp055669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A polypyrrole/palladium composite film was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical deposition method. The palladium particles were uniformly dispersed on a polypyrrole film that was previously electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode. By controlling the polymerization process of pyrrole, a highly porous polypyrrole film was obtained; this kind of structure provided more surface areas for depositing palladium particles. The sizes of Pd particles deposited on the porous polypyrrole film are about 15-30 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed there was strong interaction between polypyrrole film and palladium particles. This modified electrode showed excellent current efficiency (49.5%) for electrochemical hydrogenation of 4-chlorophenol and the phenol was the sole product. The potential effect on the dechlorination process was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, PR China
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