1
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Duran B. Potentiodynamic synthesis of poly( N-vinyl carbazole) films on stainless steel to enhance corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid solution. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2084413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Duran
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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2
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Celiker T, Altınışık S, Vaitusionak A, Kostjuk SV, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Sequential and Simultaneous Photoinduced Radical and Step-Growth Polymerizations of Carbazole Functional Styrene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Altınışık
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliaksei Vaitusionak
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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An Insight into the Polymerization Process of the Selected Carbazole Derivatives - Why does It not always Lead to a Polymer Formation? Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Electrochromic polymers based on 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile and bithiophene as anodically coloring films for high-contrast and rapid switching electrochromic devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Kuo CW, Chang JC, Lee LT, Lin YD, Lee PY, Wu TY. 1,4-Bis((9H-Carbazol-9-yl)Methyl)Benzene-Containing Electrochromic Polymers as Potential Electrodes for High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1175. [PMID: 35335506 PMCID: PMC8955579 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Four 1,4-bis((9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl)benzene-containing polymers (PbCmB, P(bCmB-co-bTP), P(bCmB-co-dbBT), and P(bCmB-co-TF)) were electrosynthesized onto ITO transparent conductive glass and their spectral and electrochromic switching performances were characterized. The PbCmB film displayed four types of color variations (bright gray, dark gray, dark khaki, and dark olive green) from 0.0 to 1.2 V. P(bCmB-co-bTP) displayed a high transmittance variation (∆T = 39.56% at 685 nm) and a satisfactory coloration efficiency (η = 160.5 cm2∙C-1 at 685 nm). Dual-layer organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) were built using four bCmB-containing polycarbazoles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as anodes and a cathode, respectively. PbCmB/PEDOT ECD displayed gainsboro, dark gray, and bright slate gray colors at -0.4 V, 1.0 V, and 2.0 V, respectively. The P(bCmB-co-bTP)/PEDOT ECD showed a high ∆T (40.7% at 635 nm) and a high coloration efficiency (η = 428.4 cm2∙C-1 at 635 nm). The polycarbazole/PEDOT ECDs exhibited moderate open circuit memories and electrochemical redox stability. The characterized electrochromic properties depicted that the as-prepared polycarbazoles had a satisfactory application prospect as an electrode for the ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan; (C.-W.K.); (Y.-D.L.)
| | - Jui-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Dong Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan; (C.-W.K.); (Y.-D.L.)
| | - Pei-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
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6
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Kuo CW, Chang JC, Lee LT, Chang JK, Huang YT, Lee PY, Wu TY. Electrosynthesis of electrochromic polymers based on bis-(4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl)-phenylphosphine oxide and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene derivatives and studies of their applications in high contrast dual type electrochromic devices. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Kuo CW, Chang JC, Huang WC, Lee PY, Wu TY. Electrochromic polymers based on 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and thiophene derivatives as potential anodic layers for high performance electrochromic devices. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Kuo CW, Chang JC, Chang JK, Huang SW, Lee PY, Wu TY. Electrodeposited Copolymers Based on 9,9'-(5-Bromo-1,3-phenylene)biscarbazole and Dithiophene Derivatives for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33918293 PMCID: PMC8038177 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene derivative (BPBC) was synthesized and its related homopolymer (PBPBC) and copolymers (P(BPBC-co-BT), P(BPBC-co-CDT), and P(BPBC-co-CDTK)) were prepared using electrochemical polymerization. Investigations of polymeric spectra showed that PBPBC film was grey, iron-grey, yellowish-grey, and greyish-green from the neutral to the oxidized state. P(BPBC-co-BT), P(BPBC-co-CDT), and P(BPBC-co-CDTK) films showed multicolor transitions from the reduced to the oxidized state. The transmittance change (ΔT) of PBPBC, P(BPBC-co-BT), P(BPBC-co-CDT), and P(BPBC-co-CDTK) films were 29.6% at 1040 nm, 44.4% at 1030 nm, 22.3% at 1050 nm, and 41.4% at 1070 nm. The coloration efficiency (η) of PBPBC and P(BPBC-co-CDTK) films were evaluated to be 140.3 cm2 C-1 at 1040 nm and 283.7 cm2 C-1 at 1070 nm, respectively. A P(BPBC-co-BT)/PEDOT electrochromic device (ECD) showed a large ΔT (36.2% at 625 nm) and a fast response time (less than 0.5 s), whereas a P(BPBC-co-CDTK)/PEDOT ECD revealed a large η (534.4 cm2 C-1 at 610 nm) and sufficient optical circuit memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan; (C.-W.K.); (S.-W.H.)
| | - Jui-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan; (C.-W.K.); (S.-W.H.)
| | - Pei-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (J.-C.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
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9
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Celiker T, Suerkan A, Altinisik S, Akgun M, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Hollow microspherical carbazole-based conjugated polymers by photoinduced step-growth polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new photochemical approach for the synthesis of metal-free three-dimensional hollow spherical conjugated polymers is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Suerkan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Altinisik
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mert Akgun
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Low band gap donor-acceptor-donor compounds containing carbazole and naphthalene diimide units: Synthesis, electropolymerization and spectroelectrochemical behaviour. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Koyuncu S, Hu P, Li Z, Liu R, Bilgili H, Yagci Y. Fluorene–Carbazole-Based Porous Polymers by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hakan Bilgili
- Central Research Laboratories, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 21589 Jeddah, SaudiArabia
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12
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Applications of Copolymers Consisting of 2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine and 3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole Units as Electrodes in Electrochromic Devices. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081251. [PMID: 30995740 PMCID: PMC6515360 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbazole-based polymers (PdCz, P(dCz2-co-dTC1), P(dCz2-co-dTC2), P(dCz1-co-dTC2), and PdTC) were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive electrodes using electrochemical polymerization. The as-prepared P(dCz2-co-dTC2) displayed a high ΔT (57.0%) and multichromic behaviors ranging from yellowish green, greenish gray, gray to purplish gray in different redox states. Five organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) were built using dCz- and dTC-containing homopolymers and copolymers as anodic materials, and poly(3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProdot-Me2) as the cathodic material. The P(dCz2-co-dTC2)/PProdot-Me2 ECD presented remarkable electrochromic behaviors from the bleached to colored states. Moreover, P(dCz2-co-dTC2)/PProdot-Me2 ECD displayed a high optical contrast (ΔT, 45.8%), short switching time (ca. 0.3 s), high coloration efficiency (528.8 cm2 C−1) at 580 nm, and high redox cycling stability.
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Abstract
9-Substituted carbazoles are widely used units in materials science, and their oxidative reactions have been utilized for the synthesis and characterization of polymers. Though the oxidative mechanism of carbazoles has been known for a few decades, structural definition has remained difficult, because their polymers are generally insoluble with incomplete characterization and unknown dependence of the electrochemical potentials. The oxidative reactions of 9-substituted carbazoles should be carefully considered under specific oxidative conditions; otherwise, structure definitions could be wrong, because the IR and NMR spectra used previously cannot quantitatively analyze 3,3'-coupling and 6,6'-coupling of carbazoles. In this review, the best understanding of the C3-C3' and C6-C6' oxidative couplings of 9-substituted carbazoles is presented, and the benefit of these oxidative reactions from the viewpoints of electrochemical synthesis, film engineering, and the synthesis and processing of polymers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China
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14
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Suresh VM, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network Thin Films for Chemical Sensor Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata M. Suresh
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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15
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Kuo CW, Wu BW, Chang JK, Chang JC, Lee LT, Wu TY, Ho TH. Electrochromic Devices Based on Poly(2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine)-Type Polymer Films and PEDOT-PSS. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E604. [PMID: 30966638 PMCID: PMC6403788 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine (DiCP) was synthesized and its corresponding homopolymer (PDiCP) and copolymers (P(DiCP-co-CPDT), P(DiCP-co-CPDT2), P(DiCP-co-CPDTK), and P(DiCP-co-CPDTK2)) were synthesized electrochemically. The anodic copolymer with DiCP:cyclopentadithiophene ketone (CPDTK) = 1:1 feed molar ratio showed high transmittance change (ΔT%) and colouration efficiency (η), which were measured as 39.5% and 184.1 cm² C-1 at 1037 nm, respectively. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) were composed of PDiCP, P(DiCP-co-CPDT), P(DiCP-co-CPDT2), P(DiCP-co-CPDTK), and P(DiCP-co-CPDTK2) as anodically-colouring polymers, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) as cathodically-colouring polymers. P(DiCP-co-CPDTK)/PEDOT-PSS ECD showed light silverish-yellow at 0.0 V, light grey at 0.7 V, grey at 1.3 V, light greyish blue at 1.7 V, and greyish blue at 2.0 V. Moreover, P(DiCP-co-CPDTK)/PEDOT-PSS ECD presented high ΔT (38.2%) and high η (633.8 cm² C-1) at 635 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Wei Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
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16
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Hsiao SH, Lu HY. Electrosynthesis of Aromatic Poly(amide-amine) Films from Triphenylamine-Based Electroactive Compounds for Electrochromic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E708. [PMID: 30966007 PMCID: PMC6418588 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two electropolymerizable monomers with a methoxytriphenylamine core linked via amide groups to two triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) terminal groups, namely 4,4'-bis(4-diphenylaminobenzamido)-4''-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(TPA)₂) and 4,4'-bis(4-(carbazol-9-yl)benzamido)-4''-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(NPC)₂), were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical polymerization reactions of these MeOTPA-cored monomers over indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode allow the generation of electroactive poly(amide-amine) films. The electro-generated polymer films exhibited reversible redox processes and multi-colored electrochromic behaviors upon electro-oxidation, together with moderate coloration efficiency and cycling stability. The optical density changes (ΔOD) were observed in the range of 0.18⁻0.68 at specific absorption maxima, with the calculated coloration efficiencies of 42⁻123 cm²/C. Single-layer electrochromic devices using the electrodeposited polymer films as active layers were fabricated for the preliminary investigation of their electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yi Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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Kuo CW, Chang JK, Lin YC, Wu TY, Lee PY, Ho TH. Poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine)/Three Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives in Complementary High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E543. [PMID: 30965849 PMCID: PMC6418890 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbazole-based polymer (poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) (PtCz)) is electrosynthesized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. PtCz film displays light yellow at 0.0 V, earthy yellow at 1.3 V, grey at 1.5 V, and dark grey at 1.8 V in 0.2 M LiClO₄/ACN/DCM (ACN/DCM = 1:3, by volume) solution. The ΔT and coloration efficiency (η) of PtCz film are 30.5% and 54.8 cm²∙C-1, respectively, in a solution state. Three dual-type electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated using the PtCz as the anodic layer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Me₂), and poly(3,4-(2,2-diethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT-Et₂) as the cathodic layers. PtCz/PProDOT-Me₂ ECD shows high ΔTmax (36%), high ηmax (343.4 cm²·C-1), and fast switching speed (0.2 s) at 572 nm. In addition, PtCz/PEDOT, PtCz/PProDOT-Me₂, and PtCz/PProDOT-Et₂ ECDs show satisfactory open circuit memory and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
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18
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Kuo CW, Lee PY. Electrosynthesis of Copolymers Based on 1,3,5-Tris(N-Carbazolyl)Benzene and 2,2'-Bithiophene and Their Applications in Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E518. [PMID: 30965819 PMCID: PMC6418989 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(1,3,5-tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene) (PtnCz) and three copolymers based on 1,3,5-tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene (tnCz) and 2,2'-bithiophene (bTp) were electrochemically synthesized. The anodic P(tnCz1-bTp2) film with a tnCz/bTp feed molar ratio of 1/2 showed four colors (light orange at 0.0 V, yellowish-orange at 0.7 V, yellowish-green at 0.8 V, and blue at 1.1 V) from the neutral state to oxidized states. The optical contrast (∆T%) and coloration efficiency (η) of the P(tnCz1-bTp2) film were measured as 48% and 112 cm²∙C-¹, respectively, at 696 nm. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on PtnCz, P(tnCz1-bTp1), P(tnCz1-bTp2), P(tnCz1-bTp4), and PbTp films as anodic polymer layers and poly(3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2H-thieno[3,4-b-1,4]dioxepin) (PProDOT-Me₂) as cathodic polymer layers were assembled. P(tnCz1-bTp2)/PProDOT-Me₂ ECD showed three various colors (saffron yellow, yellowish-blue, and dark blue) at potentials ranging from -0.3 to 1.5 V. In addition, P(tnCz1-bTp2)/PProDOT-Me₂ ECD showed a high ∆T% value (40% at 630 nm) and a high coloration efficiency (519 cm²∙C-¹ at 630 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
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19
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Lamiri L, Nessark B, Habelhames F, Sibous L. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of poly (bithiophene + 2-methylfuran) copolymer. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Yuan R, Gu Y, Ren H, Liu J, Zhu G. Porous Aromatic Framework as an Efficient Metal‐Free Electro‐catalyst for Non‐enzymatic H
2
O
2
Sensing. Chemistry 2017; 23:9467-9471. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yuan
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin Jianzhu University Changchun 130118 China
| | - Yue Gu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano-MaterialsXuchang University Henan 461000 China
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21
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Redox-active and electrochromic polymers from triarylamine end-capped, 2,7-bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene-cored dicarboxamides. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Lin K, Chen S, Lu B, Xu J. Hybrid π-conjugated polymers from dibenzo pentacyclic centers: precursor design, electrosynthesis and electrochromics. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Qin Q, Bai X, Hua Z. Electropolymerization of a conductive β-cyclodextrin polymer on reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Kuo CW, Wu TY, Huang MW. Electrochromic characterizations of copolymers based on 4,4′-bis( N -carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl and indole-6-carboxylic acid and their applications in electrochromic devices. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Copolymers Based on 1,3-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene and Three 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Derivatives as Potential Anodically Coloring Copolymers in High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8100368. [PMID: 30974647 PMCID: PMC6432342 DOI: 10.3390/polym8100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, copolymers based on 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (BCz) and three 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene derivatives (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), 3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene (ProDOT-Me₂), and 3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT)) were electrochemically synthesized and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were characterized. The anodic copolymer P(BCz-co-ProDOT) with BCz/ProDOT-Me₂ = 1/1 feed molar ratio showed high optical contrast (ΔT%) and coloring efficiency (η), measured as 52.5% and 153.5 cm²∙C-1 at 748 nm, respectively. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(BCz-co-EDOT), P(BCz-co-ProDOT), and P(BCz-co-EDTT) as anodic polymer layers, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) as cathodic polymer layer were fabricated. P(BCz-co-ProDOT)/triple-layer PEDOT-PSS ECD showed three different colors (light yellow, yellowish-blue, and dark blue) at different applied potentials. In addition, the highest optical contrast (ΔT%) of P(BCz-co-ProDOT)/triple-layer PEDOT-PSS ECD was found to be 41% at 642 nm and the coloration efficiency was calculated to be 416.5 cm²∙C-1 at 642 nm. All ECDs showed satisfactory optical memories and electrochemical cyclic stability.
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26
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Cui P, Jing XF, Yuan Y, Zhu GS. Synthesis of porous aromatic framework with Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction for CO 2 separation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Ates M, Uludag N. Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM. Facile fabrication of redox-active and electrochromic poly(amide-amine) films through electrochemical oxidative coupling of arylamino groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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29
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Palma-Cando A, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Thin Films of Microporous Polymer Networks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
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30
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM. Electrochemically fabricated electrochromic films from 4-(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine and its dimethoxy derivative. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
4-(N-Carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TPACz) and its methoxy derivative MeOTPACz could be facilely fabricated into redox-active and electrochromic PTPACz polymer and (MeOTPACz)2 dimer films via electrochemical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
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31
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Hsiao SH, Lin SW. Electrochemical synthesis of electrochromic polycarbazole films from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive and electrochromic polycarbazole films were directly prepared on electrodes from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles by carbazole-based electrochemical oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
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32
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Bortoluzzi M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Pinzino C, Zacchini S. Oxidative Dimerization of Triarylamines Promoted by WCl6, Including the Solid State Isolation and the Crystallographic Characterization of a Triphenylammonium Salt. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:887-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Calogero Pinzino
- ICCOM-CNR UOS Pisa,
Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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33
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Electrosynthesis of ambipolar electrochromic polymer films from anthraquinone-triarylamine hybrids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Catalytic amplification based on hole-transporting materials as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Gulfidan D, Sefer E, Koyuncu S, Acar MH. Neutral state colorless electrochromic polymer networks: Spacer effect on electrochromic performance. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) Complexes of Novel Schiff Bases, Synthesis, Charcterization, and Thermal, Antimicrobial, Electronic, and Catalytic Features. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/506851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbazoles containing two new Schiff bases (Z,Z)-N,N′-bis[(9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)methylene]propane-1,3 diamine (L1) and (Z,Z)-N,N′-bis[(9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)methylene]-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (L2) and their Co(II) and Mn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods and thermal analysis, which gave high thermal stability results for the ligands and their cobalt complexes. The title compounds were examined for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities, which resulted in high activity values for the ligands and their manganese complexes. Oxidation reactions carried out on styrene and cyclohexene revealed that the complex compounds were the most effective catalysts for styrene oxidation, giving good selectivities than those of cyclohexene oxidation. Electronic features of the synthesized compounds were also reported within this work.
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37
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Hsiao SH, Lin JW. Facile Fabrication of Electrochromic Poly(amine-amide) and Poly(amine-imide) Films Via Carbazole-Based Oxidative Coupling Electropolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
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38
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Data P, Pander P, Lapkowski M, Swist A, Soloducho J, Reghu R, Grazulevicius J. Unusual properties of electropolymerized 2,7- and 3,6- carbazole derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of two novel polymers containing carbazole and phenyl-methanone units. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Xu C, Zhao J, Wang M, Wang Z, Cui C, Kong Y, Zhang X. Electrosynthesis and characterization of a neutrally colorless electrochromic material from poly(1,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene) and its application in electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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An ambipolar electrochromic polymer based on carbazole and naphthalene bisimide: Synthesis and electro-optical properties. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Aydın A, Kaya İ. Synthesis and characterization of yellow and green light emitting novel polymers containing carbazole and electroactive moieties. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Yen HJ, Liou GS. Solution-processable triarylamine-based electroactive high performance polymers for anodically electrochromic applications. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Baycan Koyuncu F, Sefer E, Koyuncu S, Ozdemir E. The New Branched Multielectrochromic Materials: Enhancing the Electrochromic Performance via Longer Side Alkyl Chain. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Baycan Koyuncu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Emre Sefer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Çan Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17400 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Eyup Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
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45
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Zhu G, Xu J, Yue R, Lu B, Hou J. Novel poly-bridged-naphthalene with blue-light-emitting property via electropolymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Yue R, Lu B, Xu J, Chen S, Liu C. Electrochemistry, morphology, thermoelectric and thermal degradation behaviors of free-standing copolymer films made from 1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Durantini J, Otero L, Funes M, Durantini EN, Fungo F, Gervaldo M. Electrochemical oxidation-induced polymerization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3-(N-ethylcarbazoyl)]porphyrin. Formation and characterization of a novel electroactive porphyrin thin film. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Xu L, Zhao J, Cui C, Liu R, Liu J, Wang H. Electrosynthesis and characterization of an electrochromic material from poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene) and its application in electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric properties of a conducting copolymer of 1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Usluer O, Koyuncu S, Demic S, Janssen RAJ. A novel high-contrast ratio electrochromic material from spiro[cyclododecane-1,9′-fluorene]bicarbazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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