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Miura M, Sugiyama A, Oshikiri Y, Morimoto R, Mogi I, Miura M, Yamauchi Y, Aogaki R. Excess heat production of the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies in a copper redox reaction using a double bipolar MHD electrode. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1424. [PMID: 38228645 PMCID: PMC10792075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51834-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Through a copper double bipolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (MHDE) producing twice the amounts of ionic vacancies than a conventional single MHDE, the molar excess heat of the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies, 702 kJ mol-1 at 10 T on average was obtained in a copper redox reaction. It was about twice as large as that of a single MHDE, 387 kJ mol-1 at the same magnetic field. This result strongly suggests that a multi-channel bipolar MHDE will produce much greater excess heat. To conserve the linear momentum and electric charge during electron transfer in an electrode reaction, ionic vacancies are created, storing the solvation energy in the polarized core of the order of 0.1 nm, and the pair annihilation of the vacancies with opposite charges liberates the energy as excess heat. The promoted excess heat by the double bipolar MHDE with a diffuser at 10 T was 710 ± 144 kJ mol-1, whereas as mentioned above, 702 ± 426 kJ mol-1 was obtained by the same electrode without such a diffuser. From the theoretical excess heat of 1140 kJ mol-1, the collision efficiencies in pair annihilation were 0.623 ± 0.126 and 0.616 ± 0.374, respectively. From these results, the reproducibility of the thermal measurement was experimentally validated. At the same time, it was concluded that at magnetic fields beyond 10 T, the concentration of ionic vacancy and the collision efficiency take constant uppermost values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miura
- Tohoku Polytechnic College, Kurihara, Miyagi, 987-2223, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshinobu Oshikiri
- Yamagata College of Industry and Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, 990-2473, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Morimoto
- Saitama Industrial Technology Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0844, Japan
| | - Iwao Mogi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Miki Miura
- Polytechnic Center Kimitsu, Kimitsu, Chiba, 299-1142, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Theory of Chiral Electrodeposition by Chiral Micro-Nano-Vortices under a Vertical Magnetic Field -1: 2D Nucleation by Micro-Vortices. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable chiral activity is donated to a copper deposit surface by magneto-electrodeposition, whose exact mechanism has been clarified by the three-generation model. In copper deposition under a vertical magnetic field, a macroscopic tornado-like rotation called the vertical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow (VMHDF) emerges on a disk electrode, inducing the precessional motions of various chiral microscopic MHD vortices: First, chiral two-dimensional (2D) nuclei develop on an electrode by micro-MHD vortices. Then, chiral three-dimensional (3D) nuclei grow on a chiral 2D nucleus by chiral nano-MHD vortices. Finally, chiral screw dislocations are created on a chiral 3D nucleus by chiral ultra-micro MHD vortices. These three processes constitute nesting boxes, leading to a limiting enantiomeric excess (ee) ratio of 0.125. This means that almost all chiral activity of copper electrodes made by this method cannot exceed 0.125. It also became obvious that chirality inversion by chloride additive arises from the change from unstable to stable nucleation by the specific adsorption of it.
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Takagi S, Asada T, Oshikiri Y, Miura M, Morimoto R, Sugiyama A, Mogi I, Aogaki R. Nanobubble formation from ionic vacancies in an electrode reaction on a fringed disk electrode under a uniform vertical magnetic field -1. Formation process in a vertical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baran T, Visibile A, Busch M, He X, Wojtyla S, Rondinini S, Minguzzi A, Vertova A. Copper Oxide-Based Photocatalysts and Photocathodes: Fundamentals and Recent Advances. Molecules 2021; 26:7271. [PMID: 34885863 PMCID: PMC8658916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at reviewing the most impactful results obtained on the development of Cu-based photocathodes. The need of a sustainable exploitation of renewable energy sources and the parallel request of reducing pollutant emissions in airborne streams and in waters call for new technologies based on the use of efficient, abundant, low-toxicity and low-cost materials. Photoelectrochemical devices that adopts abundant element-based photoelectrodes might respond to these requests being an enabling technology for the direct use of sunlight to the production of energy fuels form water electrolysis (H2) and CO2 reduction (to alcohols, light hydrocarbons), as well as for the degradation of pollutants. This review analyses the physical chemical properties of Cu2O (and CuO) and the possible strategies to tune them (doping, lattice strain). Combining Cu with other elements in multinary oxides or in composite photoelectrodes is also discussed in detail. Finally, a short overview on the possible applications of these materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Baran
- SajTom Light Future, Wężerów 37/1, 32-090 Wężerów, Poland; (T.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Alberto Visibile
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Michael Busch
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Xiufang He
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (X.H.); (S.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Szymon Wojtyla
- SajTom Light Future, Wężerów 37/1, 32-090 Wężerów, Poland; (T.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sandra Rondinini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (X.H.); (S.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandro Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (X.H.); (S.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Alberto Vertova
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (X.H.); (S.R.); (A.V.)
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Morimoto R, Miura M, Sugiyama A, Miura M, Oshikiri Y, Kim Y, Mogi I, Takagi S, Yamauchi Y, Aogaki R. Long-Term Electrodeposition under a Uniform Parallel Magnetic Field. 1. Instability of Two-Dimensional Nucleation in an Electric Double Layer. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11854-11869. [PMID: 33379871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Under a parallel magnetic field, after long-term copper deposition from an acidic copper sulfate solution, numerous spherical secondary nodules of 10 to 100 μm diameters were formed one upon another in dendritic mode. This is a new type of micro-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect arising from the unstable growth of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclei by specific adsorption of hydrogen ions (second micro-MHD effect). From the viewpoint of instability in electrodeposition, though 3D nucleation in the diffusion layer is always unstable, with ionic specific adsorption such as hydrogen ions, stable 2D nucleation turns unstable after long-term deposition. The resultant competitive growth of 3D and 2D nuclei produces spherical nodules as their composite, leading to their dendritic growth. Furthermore, though negligibly small, nonequilibrium fluctuations occurring in 2D nucleation migrate with the laminar solution flow caused by Lorentz force (MHD flow). Depending on whether the ionic adsorption is specific or nonspecific, the traveling asymmetrical fluctuation changes the direction to the upstream or downstream side, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Morimoto
- Saitama Industrial Technology Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0844, Japan
| | - Miki Miura
- Polytechnic Center Kimitsu, Kimitsu, Chiba 299-1142, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Yoshino Denka Kogyo, Inc., Yoshikawa, Saitama 342-0008, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Makoto Miura
- Hokkaido Polytechnic College, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0292, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Oshikiri
- Yamagata College of Industry and Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan
| | - Yena Kim
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Iwao Mogi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Koriyama Technical Academy, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8816, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Ryoichi Aogaki
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Polytechnic University, Sumida, Tokyo 130-0026, Japan
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Electrodeposited Cu thin layers as low cost and effective underlayers for Cu2O photocathodes in photoelectrochemical water electrolysis. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Theory of microscopic electrodeposition under a uniform parallel magnetic field - 1. Nonequilibrium fluctuations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu C, Wang X, Pei W, Zhao D, Wang K, Li G, Wang Q. Tailoring the shape and size of wet-chemical synthesized FePt nanoparticles by controlling nucleation and growth with a high magnetic field. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15023-15028. [PMID: 31386743 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 6 Tesla high magnetic field (HMF) was separately introduced into the nucleation stage and growth stage and into both stages during the wet-chemical synthesis of FePt nanoparticles. The HMF refined particle sizes and increased the nucleation rate in the nucleation stage and tailored shapes and refined sizes in the growth stage. Extension of nucleation time increased the nucleation rate more than that of the HMF, which increasing was higher enough to tailor the shapes of FePt nanoparticles. Controlling nucleation is a feasible strategy to tailor the shapes and sizes of wet-chemical synthesized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Liu G, Xue D. Effects of supporting electrolyte on galvanic deposition of Cu2O crystals. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Devillers S, Lemineur Q, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z. Exploratory study of copper particles electrodeposition on nickel by induction heating. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Koza JA, Mogi I, Tschulik K, Uhlemann M, Mickel C, Gebert A, Schultz L. Electrocrystallisation of metallic films under the influence of an external homogeneous magnetic field—Early stages of the layer growth. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Caballero-Briones F, Palacios-Padrós A, Calzadilla O, Sanz F. Evidence and analysis of parallel growth mechanisms in Cu2O films prepared by Cu anodization. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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