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Agrawal K, Naik AA, Chaudhary S, Parvatalu D, Santhanam V. Prudent Practices in ex situ Durability Analysis Using Cyclic Voltammetry for Platinum-based Electrocatalysts. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3311-3325. [PMID: 34459539 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts are at the vanguard of research initiatives to meet activity and durability targets for promoting large-scale adoption of fuel cell vehicles. Ex situ characterization of electrocatalyst activity and durability using cyclic voltammetry (CV) has a steep learning curve. Thus, many researchers who do not receive formal training in electrochemistry are left unsure how to proceed. Herein, we identify and compile prudent practices for reliable assessment of ECSA values with examples from our research on nanoscale catalytic films formed by the self-terminating electrodeposition of Pt. Starting with a conceptual framework to understand typical features in the CV of reversible redox couples, we present prudent practices in acquiring CV data aimed at nonelectrochemists. We then highlight specific features related to ECSA computation from Pt CV. Finally, we suggest safeguards that help avoid missteps and achieve repeatable results while conducting ex situ durability tests that extend over days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khantesh Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Insitute of Sicence (IISc) Bangalore, Near CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Adarsh Ajith Naik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Insitute of Sicence (IISc) Bangalore, Near CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Saroj Chaudhary
- ONGC Energy Centre, Phase-II IEOT Complex, ONGC Panvel, Maharashtra, 410221, India
| | - Damaraju Parvatalu
- ONGC Energy Centre, Phase-II IEOT Complex, ONGC Panvel, Maharashtra, 410221, India
| | - Venugopal Santhanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Insitute of Sicence (IISc) Bangalore, Near CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
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Lim GH, Woo S, Lee H, Moon KS, Sohn H, Lee SE, Lim B. Mechanically Robust Magnetic Carbon Nanotube Papers Prepared with CoFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Magnetomechanical Actuation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40628-40637. [PMID: 29094592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles into carbon nanotube (CNT) papers can provide a versatile route to the fabrication of CNT papers with diverse functionalities, but it may lead to a reduction in their mechanical properties. Here, we describe a simple and effective strategy for the fabrication of mechanically robust magnetic CNT papers for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and magnetomechanical actuation applications. The magnetic CNT papers were produced by vacuum filtration of an aqueous suspension of CNTs, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PVA plays a critical role in enhancing the mechanical strength of CNT papers. The magnetic CNT papers containing 73 wt % of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited high mechanical properties with Young's modulus of 3.2 GPa and tensile strength of 30.0 MPa. This magnetic CNT paper was successfully demonstrated as EMI shielding paper with shielding effectiveness of ∼30 dB (99.9%) in 0.5-1.0 GHz, and also as a magnetomechanical actuator in an audible frequency range from 200 to 20 000 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guh-Hwan Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seongwon Woo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Moon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Hiesang Sohn
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Suwon 16678, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University , Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Sang-Eui Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Byungkwon Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, Korea
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Jeon Y, Kim DJ, Koh JK, Ji Y, Kim JH, Shul YG. Interface-designed Membranes with Shape-controlled Patterns for High-performance Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16394. [PMID: 26552839 PMCID: PMC4639844 DOI: 10.1038/srep16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is a promising zero-emission power generator for stationary/automotive applications. However, key issues, such as performance and costs, are still remained for an economical commercialization. Here, we fabricated a high-performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using an interfacial design based on well-arrayed micro-patterned membranes including circles, squares and hexagons with different sizes, which are produced by a facile elastomeric mold method. The best MEA performance is achieved using patterned Nafion membrane with a circle 2 μm in size, which exhibited a very high power density of 1906 mW/cm2 at 75 °C and Pt loading of 0.4 mg/cm2 with 73% improvement compared to the commercial membrane. The improved performance are attributed to the decreased MEA resistances and increased surface area for higher Pt utilization of over 80%. From these enhanced properties, it is possible to operate at lower Pt loading of 0.2 mg/cm2 with an outstanding performance of 1555 mW/cm2 and even at air/low humidity operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukwon Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yunseong Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Shul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Sharma R, Kar KK. Hierarchically structured catalyst layer for the oxygen reduction reaction fabricated by electrodeposition of platinum on carbon nanotube coated carbon fiber. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically structured fuel cell cathode catalysts consisting of Pt-nanoparticle clusters coated on a CNT-based, ORR active catalyst support were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Sharma
- Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory
- Materials Science Programme
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - Kamal K. Kar
- Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory
- Materials Science Programme
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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Mechrez G, Krepker MA, Harel Y, Lellouche JP, Segal E. Biocatalytic carbon nanotube paper: a ‘one-pot’ route for fabrication of enzyme-immobilized membranes for organophosphate bioremediation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:915-922. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generic methodology for a rapid and direct fabrication of enzymatically-active carbon nanotubes (CNTs) paper for organophosphates bioremediation is presented. The enzyme organophosphate hydrolase is immobilized onto CNTs simultaneously to membrane formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Mechrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maksym A. Krepker
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yifat Harel
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanomaterials Research Center
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanomaterials Research Center
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
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Trakakis G, Tasis D, Parthenios J, Galiotis C, Papagelis K. Structural Properties of Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Thin Films. MATERIALS 2013; 6:2360-2371. [PMID: 28809277 PMCID: PMC5458945 DOI: 10.3390/ma6062360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Buckypapers are thin sheets of randomly entangled carbon nanotubes, which are highly porous networks. They are strong candidates for a number of applications, such as reinforcing materials for composites. In this work, buckypapers were produced from multiwall carbon nanotubes, pre-treated by two different chemical processes, either an oxidation or an epoxidation reaction. Properties, such as porosity, the mechanical and electrical response are investigated. It was found that the chemical pretreatment of carbon nanotubes strongly affects the structural properties of the buckypapers and, consecutively, their mechanical and electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1414, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Tasis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1414, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
| | - John Parthenios
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1414, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1414, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1414, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras GR-26504, Greece.
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Yaldagard M, Jahanshahi M, Seghatoleslami N. Carbonaceous Nanostructured Support Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wjnse.2013.34017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Highly efficient platinum nanocatalysts synthesized by an open-loop reduction system with a controlled temperature loop. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang B, Xu T. Structure and Composition of Supported PtCu-LaO<sub>x</sub> Composite Multi-Layer Membrane Electrode. APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATERIALS 2011; 148-149:822-825. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce production cost of Fuel Cells, a new type of Pt/C membrane electrodes -- PtCu-LaOx, LaOx-PtCu and PtCu-LaOx-PtCu composite multi-layer membrane electrodes -- would be raised, in which with developing different membranous layer form dispersed on the surface of carbonaceous or monocrystalline silicon substrates were manufactured by Ion Beam Sputtering technology. Phase composition, micro-area surface topography and elements of these electrodes were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry and Atomic Force Microscope, respectively. It was found that doping La could not only enhance Pt crystallization and decrease Pt grain size but also contribute to Pt(111) preferential orientation growing in the LaOx-PtCu, and that biggish ratio of La(At%) : Pt(At%) in micro-area would be difficult of occurring particles reunion on PtCu-LaOx surface, and that the orientation growing of Pt(200), Pt(220) and Pt(311) would be restrained in PtCu-LaOx and PtCu-LaOx-PtCu, and that the Pt alloy particle exhibited more homogeneous distribution and less size in PtCu-LaOx-PtCu. Our study indicated that these new types of membrane electrodes could be used in Fuel Cells and make Fuel Cells as a new power source for electrical vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Tao Xu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Hussein L, Urban G, Krüger M. Fabrication and characterization of buckypaper-based nanostructured electrodes as a novel material for biofuel cell applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5831-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Preparation of Buckypaper Supported Pt Catalyst for PEMFC Using a Supercritical Fluid Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3594097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu W, Zheng J, Liang R, Wang B, Zhang C, Au G, Plichta E. Ultra-low platinum loading high-performance PEMFCs using buckypaper-supported electrodes. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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