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The Development of CMOS Amperometric Sensing Chip with a Novel 3-Dimensional TiN Nano-Electrode Array. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19050994. [PMID: 30813577 PMCID: PMC6427664 DOI: 10.3390/s19050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensing chip with an 8 × 8 array of titanium nitride three-dimensional nano-electrodes (TiN 3D-NEA) was designed and fabricated via a standard integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. Each nano-electrode in 3D-NEA exhibited a pole-like structure with a radius of 100 nm and a height of 35 nm. The numeric simulation showed that the nano-electrode with a radius of around 100 nm exhibited a more uniformly distributed electric field and a much higher electric field magnitude compared to that of the microelectrode. Cyclic voltammetry study with Ru(NH3)63+ also revealed that the TiN 3D-NEA exhibited a much higher current density than that obtained from the microelectrode by two orders of magnitude. Further studies showed that the electrocatalytical reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could occur on a TiN 3D-NEA-based sensing chip with a high sensitivity of 667.2 mA⋅mM−1⋅cm−2. The linear detection range for H2O2 was between 0.1 μM and 5 mM with a lowest detection limit of 0.1 μM. These results indicated that the fabricated TiN 3D-NEA exhibited high catalytic activity and sensitivity to H2O2 and could be a promising sensor for H2O2 measurement.
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Ahmadraji T, Gonzalez-Macia L, Ritvonen T, Willert A, Ylimaula S, Donaghy D, Tuurala S, Suhonen M, Smart D, Morrin A, Efremov V, Baumann RR, Raja M, Kemppainen A, Killard AJ. Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Termeh Ahmadraji
- Department
of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Department
of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K
| | | | - Andreas Willert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - David Donaghy
- Electrical
Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K
| | | | | | - Dave Smart
- Smart Dx Consulting Ltd, 4
Smeaton Park, Moira BT67
0NF, U.K
| | - Aoife Morrin
- School of
Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Vitaly Efremov
- School of
Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Reinhard R. Baumann
- Department
of Digital Printing and Imaging Technologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Munira Raja
- Electrical
Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K
| | | | - Anthony J. Killard
- Department
of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K
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González-Sánchez MI, González-Macia L, Pérez-Prior MT, Valero E, Hancock J, Killard AJ. Electrochemical detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide in Arabidopsis thaliana: a real-time marker of oxidative stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:869-878. [PMID: 23057760 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach to directly measure the dynamic process of H2 O2 release from cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana cells is reported. This approach is based on H2 O2 oxidation on a Pt electrode in conjunction with continuous measurement of sample pH. For [H2 O2 ] <1 mm, calibration plots were linear and the amperometric response of the electrode was maximum at pH 6. At higher concentrations ([H2 O2 ] >1 mm), the amperometric response can be described by Michaelian-type kinetics and a mathematical expression relating current intensity and pH was obtained to quantitatively determine H2 O2 concentration. At pH 5.5, the detection limit of the sensor was 3.1 µm (S/N = 3), with a response sensitivity of 0.16 Am(-1 ) cm(-2) and reproducibility was within 6.1% in the range 1-5 × 10(-3 ) m (n = 5). Cell suspensions under normal physiological conditions had a pH between 5.5-5.7 and H2 O2 concentrations in the range 7.0-20.5 µm (n = 5). The addition of exogenous H2 O2 , as well as other potential stress stimuli, was made to the cells and the change in H2 O2 concentration was monitored. This real-time quantitative H2 O2 analysis is a potential marker for the evaluation of oxidative stress in plant cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química-Física, Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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Zapp E, Souza FD, Souza BS, Nome F, Neves A, Vieira IC. A bio-inspired sensor based on surfactant film and Pd nanoparticles. Analyst 2013; 138:509-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Evaluation of a silver-based electrocatalyst for the determination of hydrogen peroxide formed via enzymatic oxidation. Talanta 2012; 99:989-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Platinum nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotube clusters on screen-printed gold nanofilm electrode for enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gonzalez-Macia L, Smyth MR, Killard AJ. A Printed Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Enhanced electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide at metallic electrodes modified with surfactant and salt. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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