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Zirconyl chloride and its uses in phosphorus chemistry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Alashkar A, Al-Othman A, Tawalbeh M, Qasim M. A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020178. [PMID: 35207099 PMCID: PMC8877517 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a comprehensive review on the incorporation of ionic liquid (ILs) into polymer blends and their utilization as proton exchanges membranes (PEM). Various conventional polymers that incorporate ILs are discussed, such as Nafion, poly (vinylidene fluoride), polybenzimidazole, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone), and sulfonated polyimide. The methods of synthesis of IL/polymer composite membranes are summarized and the role of ionic liquids as electrolytes and structure directing agents in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs) is presented. In addition, the obstacles that are reported to impede the development of commercial polymerized IL membranes are highlighted in this work. The paper concludes that the presence of certain ILs can increase the conductivity of the PEM, and consequently, enhance the performance of PEMFCs. Nevertheless, the leakage of ILs from composite membranes as well as the limited long-term thermal and mechanical stability are considered as the main challenges that limit the employment of IL/polymer composite membranes in PEMFCs, especially for high-temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Alashkar
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
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Khoo KS, Chia WY, Wang K, Chang CK, Leong HY, Maaris MNB, Show PL. Development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with ionic liquid technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148705. [PMID: 34328982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cells (FCs) are a chemical fuel device which can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, also known as electrochemical generator. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most appealing FC systems that have been broadly developed in recent years. Due to the poor conductivity of electrolyte membrane used in traditional PEMFC, its operation at higher temperature is greatly limited. The incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) which is widely regarded as a greener alternative compared to traditional solvents in the proton exchange membrane electrolyte shows great potential in high temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs). This review provides insights in the latest progress of utilizing ILs as an electrochemical electrolyte in PEMFCs. Besides, electrolyte membranes that are constructed by ILs combined with polybenzimidazole (PBI) have many benefits such as better thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, and higher proton conductivity. The current review aims to investigate the newest development and existing issues of ILs research in electrolyte and material selection, system fabrication method, synthesis of ILs, and experimental techniques. The evaluation of life cycle analysis, commercialization, and greenness of ILs are also discussed. Hence, this review provides insights to material scientists and develops interest of wider community, promoting the use of ILs to meet energy challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hui Yi Leong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Nasrulhazim Bin Maaris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Rubio Arias JJ, Bento SDS, Vieira Marques MDF, Gomes ADS. Fabrication of hybrid proton‐exchange membranes using a brandnew high temperature ionic liquid as charge transporting and clay modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Jonathan Rubio Arias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Sabrina dos Santos Bento
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Ailton de Souza Gomes
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Zhou X, Xue R, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Jiang F. Asymmetric porous membranes with ultra-high ion selectivity for vanadium redox flow batteries. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Rosli NAH, Loh KS, Wong WY, Yunus RM, Lee TK, Ahmad A, Chong ST. Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020632. [PMID: 31963607 PMCID: PMC7014316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adiera Hanna Rosli
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Rozan Mohamad Yunus
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Tian Khoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Seng Tong Chong
- College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Li Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Li Z, Zhao L. Anhydrous conducting composite membranes composed of SPEEK/silica/ionic liquids for high-temperature proton exchange. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Jiang F, Nie Y, Yin L, Feng Y, Yu Q, Zhong C. Core–shell-structured nanofibrous membrane as advanced separator for lithium-ion batteries. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Davidowski SK, Thompson F, Huang W, Hasani M, Amin SA, Angell CA, Yarger JL. NMR Characterization of Ionicity and Transport Properties for a Series of Diethylmethylamine Based Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4279-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Davidowski
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Forrest Thompson
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Mohammad Hasani
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Samrat A. Amin
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - C. Austen Angell
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jeffery L. Yarger
- School of Molecular Sciences
and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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10
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Greaves TL, Drummond CJ. Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure-Property Relationships and Expanding Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11379-448. [PMID: 26426209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Greaves
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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11
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Liu S, Liu Y, Sang S, Zhong W, Wu Q. Imidazole/(HPO3)3-doped sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) composite membrane for fuel cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha City Hunan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha City Hunan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Shangbin Sang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha City Hunan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha City Hunan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- Key State Laboratory of Power Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute; Central South University; Changsha City, Hunan Province Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
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12
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Nasef MM. Radiation-Grafted Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Current Trends and Future Directions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12278-329. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4005499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Advanced Materials
Research Group, Institute of Hydrogen Economy, and ‡Environmental
and Green Technology Department, Malaysia-Japan International Institute
of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), International
Campus, Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Coletta E, Toney MF, Frank CW. Influences of liquid electrolyte and polyimide identity on the structure and conductivity of polyimide-poly(ethylene glycol) materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Coletta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource; Menlo Park California 94025
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
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15
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Sambasivarao SV. Thermal Stability and Ionic Conductivity of High-Temperature Proton Conducting Ionic Liquid−Polymer Composite Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1161.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somisetti V. Sambasivarao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, U.S.A
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16
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Luo WH, Zhao LH. Inorganic–organic hybrid membranes with anhydrous proton conduction prepared from tetraethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethyl phosphate and diethylethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Ejigu A, Johnson L, Licence P, Walsh DA. Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide at platinum in protic ionic liquids. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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