1
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Devi N, Singh P, Chen YS. Binder-Free CNT-Modified Excellent Electrodes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:767. [PMID: 38727361 PMCID: PMC11085053 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Electrodes are one of the key components that influence the performance of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). A porous graphite felt with modified fiber surfaces that can provide a high specific activation surface is preferred as the electrode of a VRFB. In this study, a simple binder-free approach is developed for preparing stable carbon nanotube modified graphite felt electrodes (CNT-GFs). Heat-treated graphite felt electrodes (H-GFs) are dip-coated using CNT homogeneous solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results conclude that CNT-GFs have less resistance, better reaction currents, and reversibility as compared to H-GF. Cell performances showed that CNT-GFs significantly improve the performance of a VRFB, especially for the CNT-GF served in the positive side of the VRFB. CNT presence increases the electrochemical properties of the graphite electrode; as a result, reaction kinetics for both VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ are improved. Positive CNT-GF (P-CNT-GF) configured VRFB exhibits voltage efficiency, coulombic efficiency, and energy efficiency of 85%, 97%, and 82%, respectively, at the operating current density of 100 mA cm-2. At high current density of 200 mA cm-2, the VRFB with P-CNT-GF shows 73%, 98%, and 72% of the voltage, coulombic, and energy efficiencies, respectively. The energy efficiency of the CNT-GF is 6% higher when compared with that of B-H-GF. The VRFB with CNT-GF can provide stable performance for 300 cycles at 200 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Devi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Yong-Song Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County 621301, Taiwan;
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2
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Agarwal H, Roy E, Singh N, Klusener PA, Stephens RM, Zhou QT. Electrode Treatments for Redox Flow Batteries: Translating Our Understanding from Vanadium to Aqueous-Organic. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307209. [PMID: 37973559 PMCID: PMC10767411 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for long-duration energy storage; but they suffer from inefficiencies in part due to the overvoltages at the electrode surface. In this work, more than 70 electrode treatments are reviewed that are previously shown to reduce the overvoltages and improve performance for vanadium RFBs (VRFBs), the most commercialized RFB technology. However, identifying treatments that improve performance the most and whether they are industrially implementable is challenging. This study attempts to address this challenge by comparing treatments under similar operating conditions and accounting for the treatment process complexity. The different treatments are compared at laboratory and industrial scale based on criteria for VRFB performance, treatment stability, economic feasibility, and ease of industrial implementation. Thermal, plasma, electrochemical oxidation, CO2 treatments, as well as Bi, Ag, and Cu catalysts loaded on electrodes are identified as the most promising for adoption in large scale VRFBs. The similarity in electrode treatments for aqueous-organic RFBs (AORFBs) and VRFBs is also identified. The need of standardization in RFBs testing along with fundamental studies to understand charge transfer reactions in redox active species used in RFBs moving forward is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMI48109‐2136USA
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
| | - Esha Roy
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V. Energy Transition Campus AmsterdamGrasweg 31Amsterdam1031 HWThe Netherlands
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMI48109‐2136USA
| | - Peter A.A. Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V. Energy Transition Campus AmsterdamGrasweg 31Amsterdam1031 HWThe Netherlands
| | - Ryan M. Stephens
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
| | - Qin Tracy Zhou
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
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3
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Metal-Organic Frameworks Derived Catalyst for High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is one of the most promising technologies for grid-scale energy storage applications because of its numerous attractive features. In this study, metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-derived catalysts (MDC) are fabricated using carbonization techniques at different sintering temperatures. Zirconium-based MOF-derived catalyst annealed at 900 °C exhibits the best electrochemical activity toward VO2+/VO2+ redox couple among all samples. Furthermore, the charge-discharge test confirms that the energy efficiency (EE) of the VRFB assembled with MOF-derived catalyst modified graphite felt (MDC-GF-900) is 3.9% more efficient than the VRFB using the pristine graphite felt at 100 mA cm−2. Moreover, MDC-GF-900 reveals 31% and 107% higher capacity than the pristine GF at 80 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. The excellent performance of MDC-GF-900 results from the existence of oxygen-containing groups active sites, graphite structure with high conductivity embedded with zirconium oxide, and high specific surface area, which are critical points for promoting the vanadium redox reactions. Because of these advantages, MDC-GF-900 also possesses superior stability performance, which shows no decline of EE even after 100 cycles at 100 mA cm−2.
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4
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Bellani S, Najafi L, Prato M, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Martín-García B, Gagliani L, Mantero E, Marasco L, Bianca G, Zappia MI, Demirci C, Olivotto S, Mariucci G, Pellegrini V, Schiavetti M, Bonaccorso F. Graphene-Based Electrodes in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Produced by Rapid Low-Pressure Combined Gas Plasma Treatments. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:4106-4121. [PMID: 34267420 PMCID: PMC8274967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-power density vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) with high energy efficiencies (EEs) is crucial for the widespread dissemination of this energy storage technology. In this work, we report the production of novel hierarchical carbonaceous nanomaterials for VRFB electrodes with high catalytic activity toward the vanadium redox reactions (VO2+/VO2 + and V2+/V3+). The electrode materials are produced through a rapid (minute timescale) low-pressure combined gas plasma treatment of graphite felts (GFs) in an inductively coupled radio frequency reactor. By systematically studying the effects of either pure gases (O2 and N2) or their combination at different gas plasma pressures, the electrodes are optimized to reduce their kinetic polarization for the VRFB redox reactions. To further enhance the catalytic surface area of the electrodes, single-/few-layer graphene, produced by highly scalable wet-jet milling exfoliation of graphite, is incorporated into the GFs through an infiltration method in the presence of a polymeric binder. Depending on the thickness of the proton-exchange membrane (Nafion 115 or Nafion XL), our optimized VRFB configurations can efficiently operate within a wide range of charge/discharge current densities, exhibiting energy efficiencies up to 93.9%, 90.8%, 88.3%, 85.6%, 77.6%, and 69.5% at 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 300 mA cm-2, respectively. Our technology is cost-competitive when compared to commercial ones (additional electrode costs < 100 € m-2) and shows EEs rivalling the record-high values reported for efficient systems to date. Our work remarks on the importance to study modified plasma conditions or plasma methods alternative to those reported previously (e.g., atmospheric plasmas) to improve further the electrode performances of the current VRFB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- (S.B.)
| | - Leyla Najafi
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 534, 751
03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque, Spain
| | - Luca Gagliani
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mantero
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Marasco
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marilena I. Zappia
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci cubo 31/C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cansunur Demirci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- NanoChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Olivotto
- Wind
Technology Innovation, Enel Global Power
Generation, https://www.enel.com/
| | - Giacomo Mariucci
- Storage
and New Business Design, Engineering & Construction, Enel Green Power S.p.A., https://www.enel.com/
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Schiavetti
- Thermal &
Industry 4.0 Innovation, Enel Global Power
Generation, https://www.enel.com/
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
S.p.a., Via Lungotorrente
secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- (F.B.)
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5
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Radinger H, Pfisterer J, Scheiba F, Ehrenberg H. Influence and Electrochemical Stability of Oxygen Groups and Edge Sites in Vanadium Redox Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Radinger
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jessica Pfisterer
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Frieder Scheiba
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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6
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Electrospun carbon nanofiber inlaid with tungsten carbide nanoparticle by in-situ carbothermal reaction as bifunctional electrode for vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Abstract
This study examines how the several major industries, associated with a carbon artifact production, essentially belong to one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. The study also reviews the major developments in carbon nanotechnology and electrocatalysis over the last 30 years or so. In this context, the development of various carbon materials with size, dopants, shape, and structure designed to achieve high catalytic electroactivity is reported, and among them recent carbon electrodes with many important features are presented together with their relevant applications in chemical technology, neurochemical monitoring, electrode kinetics, direct carbon fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and supercapattery.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A C Sequeira
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Tichter T, Schneider J, Nguyen Viet D, Diaz Duque A, Roth C. Reprint of "Rotating ring-disc electrode measurements for the quantitative electrokinetic investigation of the V3+-reduction at modified carbon electrodes". J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Xia L, Long T, Li W, Zhong F, Ding M, Long Y, Xu Z, Lei Y, Guan Y, Yuan D, Zhang Y, Jia C, Sun L, Sun Q. Highly Stable Vanadium Redox-Flow Battery Assisted by Redox-Mediated Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003321. [PMID: 32812393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With good operation flexibility and scalability, vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRBs) stand out from various electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. However, traditional electrodes in VRBs, such as carbon and graphite felt with low electrochemical activities, impede the interfacial charge transfer processes and generate considerable overpotential loss, which significantly decrease the energy and voltage efficiencies of VRBs. Herein, by using a facile electrodeposition technique, Prussian blue/carbon felt (PB/CF) composite electrodes with high electrochemical activity for VRBs are successfully fabricated. The PB/CF electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity toward VO2+ /VO2 + redox couple in VRB with an average cell voltage efficiency (VE) of 90% and an energy efficiency (EE) of 88% at 100 mA cm-2 . In addition, due to the uniformly distributed PB particles that are strongly bound to the surface of carbon fibers in CF, VRBs with the PB/CF electrodes show much better long-term stabilities compared with the pristine CF-based battery due to the redox-mediated catalysis. A VRB stack consisting of three single cells (16 cm2 ) is also constructed to assess the reliability of the redox-mediated PB/CF electrodes for large-scale application. The facile technique for the high-performance electrode with redox-mediated reaction is expected to shed new light on commercial electrode design for VRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ting Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Mei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yong Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Zhizhao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yanqiang Lei
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Du Yuan
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Chuankun Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Tichter T, Schneider J, Nguyen Viet D, Diaz Duque A, Roth C. Rotating ring-disc electrode measurements for the quantitative electrokinetic investigation of the V3+-reduction at modified carbon electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Lv Y, Li Y, Han C, Chen J, He Z, Zhu J, Dai L, Meng W, Wang L. Application of porous biomass carbon materials in vanadium redox flow battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:434-443. [PMID: 32018184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porous nano biomass carbon was synthesized by one-step method using scaphium scaphigerum as carbon source and was employed as negative catalyst for vanadium redox flow battery. Potassium ferrate was used to realize synchronous etching, introducing oxygen-containing groups and graphitization of scaphium scaphigerum to obtain porous, oxygen-rich, high-graphization carbon materials (SS-K/Fe). Compared with traditional two-step method, one-step method has advantages of low-time requirement, high efficiency and no pollution. The prepared SS-K/Fe sample has abundant microporous structure, high degree of graphitization and many oxygen-containing groups. The electrochemical test results show that the prepared carbon-based materials exhibit superior electrocatalytic capability for V2+/V3+ redox reaction. The electrode process can be accelerated from three steps including ion diffusion, electrochemical reaction and electron transfer processes, which are due to the enhancement of wetting performance and electrical conductivity, and an increase of effective catalytic area. Compared with pristine cell, the SS-K/Fe modified cell can improve the energy efficiency by 6.2% at the current density of 50 mA cm-2. This method is expected to realize low cost, green and renewable porous carbon materials for future energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Jiafu Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhangxing He
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Lei Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
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12
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Opar DO, Nankya R, Lee J, Jung H. Three-dimensional mesoporous graphene-modified carbon felt for high-performance vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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A Comprehensive Study on Hydroxyl Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Used as Catalysts for VO2+/VO2+ Reaction in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/3258342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the hydroxyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes (hydroxyl MWCNTs) as catalysts in a positive reaction was performed to improve the efficiency of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The physicochemical properties of the hydroxyl MWCNT-modified electrode were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), conductivity measurement, Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, and charge-discharge tests. The prepared composite electrode possesses a huge amount of oxygen-containing groups, high-specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and high catalytic activity towards the VO2+/VO2+ reaction based on physicochemical characterization. The hydroxyl MWCNT-modified graphite felt (hydroxyl MWCNTs/GF) shows the best cell performance with the energy efficiency of 79.74% and remains in high stability after 50 cycles. The improved cell performance is probably ascribed to the increase in active sites, fast charge transfer, and mass transfer rate of the introduced hydroxyl MWCNTs.
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14
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15
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Chen S, Tang L, Feng H, Zhou Y, Zeng G, Lu Y, Yu J, Ren X, Peng B, Liu X. Carbon felt cathodes for electro-Fenton process to remove tetracycline via synergistic adsorption and degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:921-931. [PMID: 30921724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adsorbability on the carbonaceous cathode plays an important role in electro-Fenton systems but does not obtain enough attention. In this work, various carbon felts were obtained with different adsorption property by using the method of KOH activation at different temperatures to explore the influence of adsorption on the degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC). The results of morphology characterization, nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests, XPS and FTIR analysis revealed that the surface area of carbon felt was improved, and the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface were increased via KOH method with significantly enhanced adsorption capacity. In the batch experiment of TC electro-Fenton degradation, the carbon felt with better adsorption capacity tended to get higher degradation and mineralization efficiency. With the KOH activation process, CF-900 (carbon felt at 900 °C for 1 h) exhibited the best TC adsorption property for the removal of TC within 30 min (initial concentration: 80 mg/L). Meanwhile, the constant of reaction rate for TC degradation at the CF-900 is 0.0648 min-1. It is higher than that (0.012 min-1) obtained at the raw carbon felt (∼5 times of enhancement). There are also synergistic effects between adsorption and degradation performance on some other organic pollutants. In addition, the degradation pathway was also studied by the methods of solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC). From the obtained results, it is shown that good adsorbability is favorable for degradation in the homogeneous electro-Fenton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Haopeng Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiangfang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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16
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Suharto Y, Lee K, Kim KJ. The improved electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow battery by decorating functionalized mesoporous carbon catalyst with three-dimensional interconnected network. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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He Z, Jiang Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Dai L, Meng W, Wang L, Liu S. Phosphorus Doped Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: An Excellent Electrocatalyst for the VO2+
/VO2
+
Redox Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxing He
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Yingqiao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Yuehua Li
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Lei Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan 063009 China
| | - Suqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
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18
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Lv Z, Zhang J, Lv Y, Cheng Y, Jiang SP, Xiang Y, Lu S. The electrocatalytic characterization and mechanism of carbon nanotubes with different numbers of walls for the VO 2+/VO 2+ redox couple. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7791-7797. [PMID: 29503996 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been applied as catalysts in the VO2+/VO2+ redox, whereas the mechanism of CNTs for the redox reaction is still unclear. In this work, the mechanism of the VO2+/VO2+ redox is investigated by comparing the electrocatalytic performance of CNTs with different distributions. For different CNTs, the peak current density of the VO2+/VO2+ redox increases with increasing content of oxygen-functional groups on the surface of CNTs, especially the carboxyl group which is proved as active sites for the redox reaction. Moreover, the reversibility of the VO2+/VO2+ redox decreases with increasing defects of CNTs, as the defects affect the charge transfer of the catalytic reaction. Nevertheless, when a multi-walled CNT sample is oxidized to achieve a high content of oxygen functional groups and defects, the peak current density of the redox reaction increases from 38.5 mA mg-1 to 45.4 mA mg-1 whilst the peak potential separation (ΔEp) also increases from 0.176 V to 0.209 V. Overall, a balance between the oxygen functional groups and the defects of CNTs affects the peak current and the reversibility for the VO2+/VO2+ redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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19
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20
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He Z, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Zhao C, Jiang F, Li L, Zhou H, Meng W, Wang L, Dai L. N,P co-doped carbon microsphere as superior electrocatalyst for VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Moghim MH, Eqra R, Babaiee M, Zarei-Jelyani M, Loghavi MM. Role of reduced graphene oxide as nano-electrocatalyst in carbon felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Li C, Xie B, Chen J, He J, He Z. Enhancement of nitrogen and sulfur co-doping on the electrocatalytic properties of carbon nanotubes for VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom doping on the surface of an electrode and catalyst can impact the surface and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Energy Utilization
- The Education Department of Hunan Province
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
- China
| | - Baoshan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Energy Utilization
- The Education Department of Hunan Province
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
- China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Energy Utilization
- The Education Department of Hunan Province
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
- China
| | - Jianjun He
- Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Energy Utilization
- The Education Department of Hunan Province
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
- China
| | - Zhangxing He
- School of Chemical Engineering
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan 063009
- China
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23
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24
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Jing M, Zhang X, Fan X, Zhao L, Liu J, Yan C. CeO 2 embedded electrospun carbon nanofibers as the advanced electrode with high effective surface area for vanadium flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Roznyatovskaya N, Noack J, Fühl M, Pinkwart K, Tübke J. Towards an all-vanadium redox-flow battery electrolyte: electrooxidation of V(III) in V(IV)/V(III) redox couple. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Treated carbon felt as electrode material in vanadium redox flow batteries: a study of the use of carbon nanotubes as electrocatalyst. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Goulet MA, Habisch A, Kjeang E. In Situ Enhancement of Flow-through Porous Electrodes with Carbon Nanotubes via Flowing Deposition. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Zhou H, Shen Y, Xi J, Qiu X, Chen L. ZrO2-Nanoparticle-Modified Graphite Felt: Bifunctional Effects on Vanadium Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15369-78. [PMID: 27229444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To improve the electrochemical performance of graphite felt (GF) electrodes in vanadium flow batteries (VFBs), we synthesize a series of ZrO2-modified GF (ZrO2/GF) electrodes with varying ZrO2 contents via a facile immersion-precipitation approach. It is found that the uniform immobilization of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the GF not only significantly promotes the accessibility of vanadium electrolyte, but also provides more active sites for the redox reactions, thereby resulting in better electrochemical activity and reversibility toward the VO(2+)/VO2(+) and V(2+)/V(3+) redox reactions as compared with those of GF. In particular, The ZrO2/GF composite with 0.3 wt % ZrO2 displays the best electrochemical performance with voltage and energy efficiencies of 71.9% and 67.4%, respectively, which are much higher than those of 57.3% and 53.8% as obtained from the GF electrode at 200 mA cm(-2). The cycle life tests demonstrate that the ZrO2/GF electrodes exhibit outstanding stability. The ZrO2/GF-based VFB battery shows negligible activity decay after 200 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Xi
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100084, China
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29
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Wei G, Su W, Wei Z, Jing M, Fan X, Liu J, Yan C. Effect of the graphitization degree for electrospun carbon nanofibers on their electrochemical activity towards VO2+/VO2+ redox couple. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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He Z, Dai L, Liu S, Wang L, Li C. Mn3O4 anchored on carbon nanotubes as an electrode reaction catalyst of V(IV)/V(V) couple for vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Park M, Ryu J, Cho J. Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2096-110. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjoon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 689-798 Ulsan South Korea
| | - Jaechan Ryu
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 689-798 Ulsan South Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 689-798 Ulsan South Korea
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32
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Jeong S, Kim S, Kwon Y. Performance enhancement in vanadium redox flow battery using platinum-based electrocatalyst synthesized by polyol process. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Park M, Jung YJ, Kim J, Lee HI, Cho J. Synergistic effect of carbon nanofiber/nanotube composite catalyst on carbon felt electrode for high-performance all-vanadium redox flow battery. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4833-9. [PMID: 24024628 DOI: 10.1021/nl402566s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanofiber/nanotube (CNF/CNT) composite catalysts grown on carbon felt (CF), prepared from a simple way involving the thermal decomposition of acetylene gas over Ni catalysts, are studied as electrode materials in a vanadium redox flow battery. The electrode with the composite catalyst prepared at 700 °C (denoted as CNF/CNT-700) demonstrates the best electrocatalytic properties toward the V(2+)/V(3+) and VO(2+)/VO2(+) redox couples among the samples prepared at 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C. Moreover, this composite electrode in the full cell exhibits substantially improved discharge capacity and energy efficiency by ~64% and by ~25% at 40 mA·cm(-2) and 100 mA·cm(-2), respectively, compared to untreated CF electrode. This outstanding performance is due to the enhanced surface defect sites of exposed edge plane in CNF and a fast electron transfer rate of in-plane side wall of the CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 689-798, Ulsan, South Korea
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