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Hubkowska K, Pająk M, Czerwiński A. The Effect of the Iridium Alloying and Hydrogen Sorption on the Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Palladium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4556. [PMID: 37444870 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin layers (up to 1 µm) of Pd-Ir alloys were electrodeposited from aqueous, galvanic baths of PdCl2 and IrCl3 mixtures. The morphology of the electrodeposits was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. The composition of alloys was determined with the use of energy-dispersive spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. For the studies of the electrochemical properties of alloys, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry were used. It was found that Pd-Ir alloy electrodes were surface-enriched with Pd. Pd-Ir alloys subjected to different electrochemical treatment involving hydrogen sorption changed their surface state. The continuous hydrogen sorption enhanced the Ir ions' dissolution. The values of thermodynamic functions of hydrogen sorption in strong alkaline electrolytes were comparable with those in acidic electrolytes, whereas the kinetics of the process in alkaline medium was hindered. The miscibility gap in the Pd-Ir-H system vanished for the electrode containing ca. 93.7 at.% Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hubkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pająk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czerwiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Hubkowska K, Kubisztal J, Pająk M, Łosiewicz B, Czerwiński A. Effect of the Alloying Metal on the Corrosion Resistance of Pd-Rich Binary Alloys with Pt, Rh, and Ru in Sulfuric Acid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2923. [PMID: 34071575 PMCID: PMC8198221 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the study of the corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Pd and its binary alloys with Pt, Rh, and Ru on a polycrystalline Au substrate. The corrosion resistance was tested in 0.5 M sulfuric acid at room temperature using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The morphology/composition and work function values were determined by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning Kelvin probe, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the Pd electrode is the most resistant to corrosion, whereas the Pd-Ru electrode is the most susceptible to dissolution. It was found that the corrosion resistance of Pd-binary alloys decrease in the following order: Pd > Pd-Pt > Pd-Rh > Pd-Ru. This effect was assigned mainly to the difference in surface roughness factor of tested electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hubkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Julian Kubisztal
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (J.K.); (B.Ł.)
| | - Małgorzata Pająk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Bożena Łosiewicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (J.K.); (B.Ł.)
| | - Andrzej Czerwiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (A.C.)
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Hydrogen electrosorption properties of electrodeposited Pd-Ir alloys. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study of the hydrogen sorption process in metals/alloys of different forms is crucial for developing the fields of catalysis and energy storage. The objective of this research was to examine basic hydrogen electrosorption properties of Pd-Ir alloy thin films obtained through electrodeposition. Pd-Ir alloys, containing more than 87% at. Pd, were successfully potentiostatically electrodeposited from aqueous baths containing PdCl2 and IrCl3. X-ray diffractometry confirmed the Pd-Ir alloy formation and homogeneity of the deposits. The hydrogen electrochemical absorption was carried out with the use of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The values of H/(Pd+Ir) for Pd-Ir alloys containing less than 3% at. Ir are similar, comparable to Pd. The further increase of Ir content results in the abrupt drop of hydrogen absorbing capacity. The linear decrease of the potential of α→β phase transition versus Pd content is observed, confirming classification of the Pd-Ir alloys to the group of the contracted alloys.
Graphical abstract
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Effect of Hydrogen Electrosorption on Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Pd 80Rh 20 Alloy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13010162. [PMID: 31906299 PMCID: PMC6982334 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of hydrogen with Pt-group metals and alloys is at the center of research in the fields of electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, hydrogen technologies and fuel cells developed under the Hydrogen Economy. In this work, the material under study was Pd80Rh20 alloy (50 μm foil) subjected to hydrogen electrosorption at potentials corresponding to formation of α, α-β and β phase in 0.1 M H2SO4 at 25 °C. The total amount of hydrogen adsorbed at the surface and absorbed in octahedral interstitial positions of fcc Pd80Rh20 alloy, was determined from the oxidation charges. The H/(Pd+Rh) was 0.002, 0.4 and 0.8 for α, α-β, and β Pd80Rh20H, respectively. Microindentation hardness testing and nanoindentation showed weakening of mechanical properties of the Pd80Rh20 alloy after hydrogen electrosorption due to internal stresses. Decrease of work function with increasing amount of hydrogen absorbed occurred due to the surface roughness changes and the presence of electropositive hydrogen atoms absorbed in the crystal lattice responsible for the dipole interaction. The detailed mechanism of hydrogen absorption/diffusion in the Pd80Rh20 alloy structure is discussed. The obtained results give a new insight into the relationship between the amount of absorbed hydrogen and mechanical and electronic properties of the Pd80Rh20 alloy at the micro- and nanoscale.
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. Effect of Temperature, Electrode Potential, and Bulk Composition on Hydrogen Electrosorption into Palladium-Ruthenium Alloys—Comparative Study with Other Binary Systems. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-018-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Study of the hydrogen absorption/diffusion in Pd80Rh20 alloy in acidic solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Soszko M, Koss U, Hamankiewicz B, Czerwiński A. Comparative Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of the Structure and Composition of Thin Pd Binary and Ternary Codeposits with Pt, Ru, and Rh. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050798. [PMID: 29762524 PMCID: PMC5978175 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Ru, Pd-Rh, Pd-Pt-Ru, and Pd-Rh-Ru electrodes were prepared as thin layers by potentiostatic codeposition or chemical co-precipitation of metals from baths containing mixtures of chloride salts. The formation of substitutional solid solutions, with lattice parameters smaller than that of pure Pd, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The compositions at various levels of sample volume and thickness were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and also electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The differences between surface, subsurface, and bulk compositions were compared for various systems in a wide composition spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał Soszko
- Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Koss
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Hamankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Czerwiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
- Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
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Xu H, Yan B, Zhang K, Wang J, Li S, Wang C, Shiraishi Y, Du Y, Yang P. Facile fabrication of novel PdRu nanoflowers as highly active catalysts for the electrooxidation of methanol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hubkowska K, Soszko M, Symonowicz M, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. Electrochemical Behavior of a Pd Thin Film Electrode in Concentrated Alkaline Media. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu P, Cheng Z, Ma L, Zhang M, Qiu Y, Chen M, Cheng F. Cuprous oxide template synthesis of hollow-cubic Cu2O@PdxRuynanoparticles for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant-free and low Pd loading Cu2O@PdxRuyhollow-cubes were facilely prepared and their electrocatalytic performance for ethanol electrooxidation were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Meiqiong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
| | - Faliang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Guangdong 523808
- P. R. China
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Hubkowska K, Łukaszewski M, Czerwiński A. Properties of Pd–Ru–Rh electrodeposits studied by electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic methods. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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