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Bita T, Antoniac A, Ciuca I, Miculescu M, Cotrut CM, Paltanea G, Dura H, Corneschi I, Antoniac I, Carstoc ID, Bodog AD. Effect of Fluoride Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn Alloys for Medical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4508. [PMID: 37444822 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The most critical shortcoming of magnesium alloys from the point of view of medical devices is the high corrosion rate, which is not well-correlated with clinical needs. It is well- known that rapid degradation occurs when an implant made of Mg-based alloys is placed inside the human body. Consequently, the implant loses its mechanical properties and failure can occur even if it is not completely degraded. The corrosion products that appear after Mg-based alloy degradation, such as H2 and OH- can have an essential role in decreasing biocompatibility due to the H2 accumulation process in the tissues near the implant. In order to control the degradation process of the Mg-based alloys, different coatings could be applied. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the effect of fluoride coatings on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn potentially used for orthopedic trauma implants. The main functional properties required for the magnesium alloys to be used as implant materials, such as surface properties and corrosion behavior, were studied before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion, with and without preliminary sandblasting, of two magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn. The experimental results showed that chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental magnesium alloys from the Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn system. Also, high surface free energy values obtained for the alloys treated with hydrofluoric acid correlated with wettability lead to the conclusion that there is an increased chance for biological factor adsorption and cell proliferation. Chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Bita
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Ciuca
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Miculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Cotrut
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horatiu Dura
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Iuliana Corneschi
- Romfire Protect Solution S.R.L., 39 Drumul Taberei, District 6, 061359 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romania Scientist, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Dana Carstoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alin Danut Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Dong J, Zhong J, Hou R, Hu X, Chen Y, Weng H, Zhang Z, Liu B, Yang S, Peng Z. Polymer bilayer-Micro arc oxidation surface coating on pure magnesium for bone implantation. J Orthop Translat 2023; 40:27-36. [PMID: 37274179 PMCID: PMC10232471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pure magnesium-based ortho-implants have a number of advantages. However, vital parameters like degradation rate and biocompatibility still call for significant improvement. Methods In this study, poly (1,3-trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and polydopamine (PDA) bilayer and micro arc oxidation composite coatings were prepared successively on magnesium surface by immersion method and microarc oxidation. Its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were evaluated by in vitro corrosion tests, cellular compatibility experiments, and in vivo animal experiments. Results In vitro experiments demonstrated that the composite coating provides excellent corrosion protection and biocompatibility. Animal studies demonstrated that the composite coating slowed the degradation of the implant and was not toxic to animal viscera. Conclusion In conclusion, the inorganic-organic composite coating proposed in this study provided good corrosion resistance and enhanced biocompatibility for pure magnesium implants. The translational potential of this article The translational potential of this article is to develop an anti-corrosion composite coating on a pure magnesium surface and to verify the viability of its use in animal models. It is hoped to open up a new approach to the design of new degradable orthopedic magnesium-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Dong
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yujiong Chen
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hangbin Weng
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Botao Liu
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shengbing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Peng
- Ningbo University Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
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Electrochemical detection of univalent Mg cation: A possible explanation for the negative difference effect during Mg anodic dissolution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Sun Q, Yang Y, Wang S, Liang P, Lin B, Li H. Using real-time UV-visible spectrophotometer to assess an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy's dissolution in acidic solution. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200461. [PMID: 33391779 PMCID: PMC7735366 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applicability and limitations of using online non-destructive ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer to monitor the dissolution of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy in HCl-containing solution were studied. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry results indicate that the spectrum absorbance at 252 nm is mainly attributed to Cu-containing complexes. Surprisingly, an hours-long 'induction' period was observed from UV-vis results. This is not a real indicator of induction for Al dissolution as revealed by electrochemical impedance spectrum, actually it reflects the alloy's galvanic corrosion nature that Cu species are released after Al, Zn and Mg species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Jin P, Li M, Liu J, Wu D, Yao H, Wang J. Antibacterial properties and biocompatibility in vivo and vitro of composite coating of pure magnesium ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation phytic acid copper loaded. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:49. [PMID: 30993460 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone infection and implant secondary removal remains a clinical challenge. We used ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) and conversion of phytic acid copper plating to prepare a pure magnesium polyhydric biofilm; we evaluated the surface microstructures, phase, element composition, and wettability of the film in vitro. The antibacterial activity of films with different Cu contents was confirmed by coating method, imaging examination, and microbiological cultures in vitro. The biocompatibility of biofilms was confirmed by cell proliferation, vitality, and morphology assays in vitro and histological evaluation in vivo. MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with different films to assess cell viability on the films. The results showed that the mass fraction of Cu increased with increasing time of copper plating, and the surface of the Cu group was more dense and uniform. Additionally, copper coating significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus aurous. We also found that the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the cells on the surface of copper plating were enhanced. Copper implantation of animals in vivo showed fine ability to promote bone growth. Antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of pure magnesium UMAO-phytic acid-Cu3min implant film are excellent, so the film has potential application value in the treatment of bone implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Jiamusi University School of Stomatology, Jiamusi, China
| | - Pengli Jin
- Jiamusi University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi, China
| | - Muqin Li
- Jiamusi University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Jiguang Liu
- Jiamusi University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Jiamusi University College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haitao Yao
- Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Science, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Second Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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Kong L, Rohaizad N, Nasir MZM, Guan J, Pumera M. Micromotor-Assisted Human Serum Glucose Biosensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5660-5666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nasuha Rohaizad
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Zafir Mohamad Nasir
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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Hampel M, Schenderlein M, Schary C, Dimper M, Ozcan O. Efficient detection of localized corrosion processes on stainless steel by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using a multi-electrode approach. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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On the stability of the oxides film formed on a magnesium alloy containing rare-earth elements. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Gnedenkov AS, Sinebryukhov SL, Mashtalyar DV, Vyaliy IE, Egorkin VS, Gnedenkov SV. Corrosion of the Welded Aluminium Alloy in 0.5 M NaCl Solution. Part 1: Specificity of Development. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11102053. [PMID: 30347878 PMCID: PMC6212905 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work consists of two parts. In the first part, the kinetics and mechanism of corrosion on the surface of the welded joint area of the aircraft 1579 aluminium alloy have been studied using SVET (scanning vibrating electrode technique) and SIET (scanning ion-selective electrode technique) in 0.5 M NaCl. The results have revealed the corrosion process development within the weld interface due to the presence of microdefects in the morphological structure. Features of the 1579 Al alloy corrosion have also been investigated through immersion experiments, quantitative analysis of dissolved alloying elements by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy, and corrosion products characterization using XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis. The presence of Mg as an alloying element in the 1579 Al alloy sufficiently increases the bulk pH values as a result of the intensive dissolution of Mg. These factors accelerate the corrosion activity of the studied material in the 0.5 M NaCl solution. Corrosion evolution analysis of the 1579 Al alloy sample showed the importance of the coating formation to protect this alloy against corrosion and to increase the stability of this system in the corrosive media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Gnedenkov
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey L Sinebryukhov
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Mashtalyar
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - Igor E Vyaliy
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Vladimir S Egorkin
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gnedenkov
- Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
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Li J, Zhang B, Wei Q, Wang N, Hou B. Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Zn-In alloy as anode materials in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Izquierdo J, Fernández-Pérez BM, Filotás D, Őri Z, Kiss A, Martín-Gómez RT, Nagy L, Nagy G, Souto RM. Imaging of Concentration Distributions and Hydrogen Evolution on Corroding Magnesium Exposed to Aqueous Environments Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology; Universidad de La Laguna; E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife Spain
| | - Bibiana M. Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Dániel Filotás
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Romen T. Martín-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Lívia Nagy
- János Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Ifjúság u.20. Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Géza Nagy
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 6 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de La Laguna; P.O. Box 456 E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology; Universidad de La Laguna; E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife Spain
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12
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An ultrasensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)-based DNA biosensing platform amplified with the long self-assembled DNA concatemers. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao S, Wang J, Mao J, Li W, Zhao Y, Huang N, Wan G. Controlling the corrosion rate and behavior of biodegradable magnesium by a surface-immobilized ultrathin 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) film. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultra-thin organometallic-like layer was formed on pure magnesium to control the rate and manner of corrosion.
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14
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Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Surface Analytical Methods Applied to Magnesium Corrosion. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7499-509. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
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Dauphin-Ducharme P, Binns WJ, Snowden ME, Shoesmith DW, Mauzeroll J. Determination of the local corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using a shear force mounted scanning microcapillary method. Faraday Discuss 2015; 180:331-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful development of scanning probe techniques to characterize corrosion in situ using multifunctional probes is intrinsically tied to surface topography signal decoupling from the measured electrochemical fluxes. One viable strategy is the shear force controlled scanning microcapillary method. Using this method, pulled quartz micropipettes with an aperture of 500 nm diameter were used to resolve small and large variations in topography in order to quantify the local corrosion rate of microgalvanically and galvanically corroded Mg alloys. To achieve topography monitoring of corroded surfaces, shear force feedback was employed to position the micropipette at a reproducible working height above the substrate. We present proof of concept measurements over a galvanic couple of a magnesium alloy (AE44) and mild steel along with a microgalvanically corroded ZEK100 Mg alloy, which illustrates the ability of shear force to track small (1.4 μm) and large (700 μm) topographic variations from high aspect ratio features. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robustness of the technique by acquiring topographic data for 4 mm along the magnesium–steel galvanic couple sample and a 250 × 30 μm topography map over the ZEK100 Mg alloy. All topography results were benchmarked using standard optical microscopies (profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Jeffrey Binns
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Western
- Western University
- London
- Canada
| | | | - David W. Shoesmith
- Department of Chemistry and Surface Science Western
- Western University
- London
- Canada
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