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Varničić M, Fellinger TP, Titirici MM, Sundmacher K, Vidaković-Koch T. Rational Design of Enzymatic Electrodes: Impact of Carbon Nanomaterial Types on the Electrode Performance. Molecules 2024; 29:2324. [PMID: 38792185 PMCID: PMC11124491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the rational design of porous enzymatic electrodes, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model biocatalyst. Our goal was to identify the main obstacles to maximizing biocatalyst utilization within complex porous structures and to assess the impact of various carbon nanomaterials on electrode performance. We evaluated as-synthesized carbon nanomaterials, such as Carbon Aerogel, Coral Carbon, and Carbon Hollow Spheres, against the commercially available Vulcan XC72 carbon nanomaterial. The 3D electrodes were constructed using gelatin as a binder, which was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The bioelectrodes were characterized electrochemically in the absence and presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The capacitive behavior observed was in accordance with the BET surface area of the materials under study. The catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction was partially linked to the capacitive behavior trend in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Notably, the Coral Carbon electrode demonstrated large capacitive currents but low catalytic currents, an exception to the observed trend. Microscopic analysis of the electrodes indicated suboptimal gelatin distribution in the Coral Carbon electrode. This study also highlighted the challenges in transferring the preparation procedure from one carbon nanomaterial to another, emphasizing the importance of binder quantity, which appears to depend on particle size and quantity and warrants further studies. Under conditions of the present study, Vulcan XC72 with a catalytic current of ca. 300 µA cm-2 in the presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide was found to be the most optimal biocatalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Varničić
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- Division 3.6 Electrochemical Energy Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7, UK;
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
- Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
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Le T, Lasseux D, Zhang L, Carucci C, Gounel S, Bichon S, Lorenzutti F, Kuhn A, Šafarik T, Mano N. Multiscale modelling of diffusion and enzymatic reaction in porous electrodes in Direct Electron Transfer mode. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yu S, Myung NV. Recent Advances in the Direct Electron Transfer-Enabled Enzymatic Fuel Cells. Front Chem 2021; 8:620153. [PMID: 33644003 PMCID: PMC7902792 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.620153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET), which requires no mediator to shuttle electrons from enzyme active site to the electrode surface, minimizes complexity caused by the mediator and can further enable miniaturization for biocompatible and implantable devices. However, because the redox cofactors are typically deeply embedded in the protein matrix of the enzymes, electrons generated from oxidation reaction cannot easily transfer to the electrode surface. In this review, methods to improve the DET rate for enhancement of enzymatic fuel cell performances are summarized, with a focus on the more recent works (past 10 years). Finally, progress on the application of DET-enabled EFC to some biomedical and implantable devices are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Glucose-Oxygen Biofuel Cell with Biotic and Abiotic Catalysts: Experimental Research and Mathematical Modeling. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The demand for alternative sources of clean, sustainable, and renewable energy has been a focus of research around the world for the past few decades. Microbial/enzymatic biofuel cells are one of the popular technologies for generating electricity from organic substrates. Currently, one of the promising fuel options is based on glucose due to its multiple advantages: high energy intensity, environmental friendliness, low cost, etc. The effectiveness of biofuel cells is largely determined by the activity of biocatalytic systems applied to accelerate electrode reactions. For this work with aerobic granular sludge as a basis, a nitrogen-fixing community of microorganisms has been selected. The microorganisms were immobilized on a carbon material (graphite foam, carbon nanotubes). The bioanode was developed from a selected biological material. A membraneless biofuel cell glucose/oxygen, with abiotic metal catalysts and biocatalysts based on a microorganism community and enzymes, has been developed. Using methods of laboratory electrochemical studies and mathematical modeling, the physicochemical phenomena and processes occurring in the cell has been studied. The mathematical model includes equations for the kinetics of electrochemical reactions and the growth of microbiological population, the material balance of the components, and charge balance. The results of calculations of the distribution of component concentrations over the thickness of the active layer and over time are presented. The data obtained from the model calculations correspond to the experimental ones. Optimization for fuel concentration has been carried out.
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Le TD, Lasseux D. Current and Optimal Dimensions Predictions for a Porous Micro‐Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien D. Le
- I2MUMR 5295CNRSUniv. BordeauxEsplanade des Arts et Métiers33405 Talence CEDEXFrance - Université de Lorraine CNRS, LEMTA F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Didier Lasseux
- I2MUMR 5295CNRSUniv. Bordeaux Esplanade des Arts et Métiers 33405 Talence CEDEX France
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Visuvasam J, Meena A, Rajendran L. New analytical method for solving nonlinear equation in rotating disk electrodes for second-order ECE reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Selectivity and Sustainability of Electroenzymatic Process for Glucose Conversion to Gluconic Acid. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroenzymatic processes are interesting solutions for the development of new processes based on renewable feedstocks, renewable energies, and green catalysts. High-selectivity and sustainability of these processes are usually assumed. In this contribution, these two aspects were studied in more detail. In a membrane-less electroenzymatic reactor, 97% product selectivity at 80% glucose conversion to gluconic acid was determined. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, two main side products were identified. The yields of D-arabinose and formic acid can be controlled by the flow rate and the electroenzymatic reactor mode of operation (fuel cell or ion-pumping). The possible pathways for the side product formation have been discussed. The electroenzymatic cathode was found to be responsible for a decrease in selectivity. The choice of the enzymatic catalyst on the cathode side led to 100% selectivity of gluconic acid at somewhat reduced conversion. Furthermore, sustainability of the electroenzymatic process is estimated based on several sustainability indicators. Although some indicators (like Space Time Yield) are favorable for electroenzymatic process, the E-factor of electroenzymatic process has to improve significantly in order to compete with the fermentation process. This can be achieved by an increase of a cycle time and/or enzyme utilization which is currently low.
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Upscaled model for diffusion and serial reduction pathways in porous electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bensana A, Achi F, Bouguettoucha A, Chebli D. Amperometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and its Mathematical Simulation for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on a Sonogel Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1528614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bensana
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Ferhat Abbas – SETIF-1-University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Fethi Achi
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Sciences Appliquées, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Abdallah Bouguettoucha
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Ferhat Abbas – SETIF-1-University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Derradji Chebli
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Ferhat Abbas – SETIF-1-University, Setif, Algeria
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Kirthiga OM, Rajendran L, Fernandez C. Kinetic Mechanism for Modelling of Electrochemical Mediatedenzyme Reactions and Determination of Enzyme Kinetics Parameters. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Le T, Lasseux D, Nguyen X, Vignoles G, Mano N, Kuhn A. Multi-scale modeling of diffusion and electrochemical reactions in porous micro-electrodes. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Baronas R. Nonlinear effects of diffusion limitations on the response and sensitivity of amperometric biosensors. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reshetilov AN, Plekhanova YV, Tarasov SE, Arlyapov VA, Kolesov VV, Gutorov MA, Gotovtsev PM, Vasilov RG. Effect of some carbon nanomaterials on ethanol oxidation by Gluconobacter oxydans bacterial cells. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Korth B, Harnisch F. Modeling Microbial Electrosynthesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 167:273-325. [PMID: 29119203 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling is an overarching approach for assessing the complexity of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) and for complementing the relevant experimental research. By describing and linking compartments, components, and processes with appropriate mathematical equations, MES and the corresponding bioelectrodes and complete bioelectrochemical systems can be analyzed and predicted across several temporal and local scales. Thereby, insights into fundamental phenomena and mechanisms, in addition to process engineering and design can be obtained. However, a substantial lack of knowledge about extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and electrotrophic microorganisms presumably prevented the development of adequate models of MES, especially of biocathodes, so far. To propel efforts regarding this demanding task, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant compartments, components and processes, appropriate model strategies, and a discussion on potential modeling pitfalls. By adapting an established approach to assessing the energetics of microorganism, an instruction for calculating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and kinetics, with the example of electro-autotrophic growth at cathodes, is presented. Models of bioanodes and fundamental electrochemical equations are described to provided strategies for calculating cathodic electron-uptake reactions and connecting them to the microbial metabolism. Finally, differential equations are detailed for coupling the distinct compartments of a bioelectrochemical system. Although MES comprises anodic and cathodic reactions, the present chapter focuses on biocathodes representing a functional connection between cathode and electron-accepting microorganisms. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Korth
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Vidakovic-Koch T. Electron Transfer Between Enzymes and Electrodes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 167:39-85. [PMID: 29224083 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrocatalytic surfaces plays a significant role in development of novel energy conversion devices as well as novel reactors for production of commodities and fine chemicals. Major application examples are related to enzymatic fuel cells and electroenzymatic reactors, as well as enzymatic biosensors. The two former applications are still at the level of proof-of-concept, partly due to the low efficiency and obstacles to electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes. This chapter discusses the theoretical backgrounds of enzyme/electrode interactions, including the main mechanisms of electron transfer, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Additionally, the main electrochemical methods of study are described for selected examples. Finally, some recent advancements in the preparation of enzyme-modified electrodes as well as electrodes for soluble co-factor regeneration are reviewed. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vidakovic-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Reid RC, Jones SR, Hickey DP, Minteer SD, Gale BK. Modeling Carbon Nanotube Connectivity and Surface Activity in a Contact Lens Biofuel Cell. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Do T, Varničić M, Flassig R, Vidaković-Koch T, Sundmacher K. Dynamic and steady state 1-D model of mediated electron transfer in a porous enzymatic electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 106:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Varničić M, Bettenbrock K, Hermsdorf D, Vidaković-Koch T, Sundmacher K. Combined electrochemical and microscopic study of porous enzymatic electrodes with direct electron transfer mechanism. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work electrochemical and microscopic methods have been utilized to get more insight into the complex relationship between the preparation route, structure and activity of porous enzymatic electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Varničić
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K. Bettenbrock
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D. Hermsdorf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T. Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K. Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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