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Bhattacharya G, Fishlock SJ, Hussain S, Choudhury S, Xiang A, Kandola B, Pritam A, Soin N, Roy SS, McLaughlin JA. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors: Optimizing the Electrochemical Properties of Laser-Induced Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31109-31120. [PMID: 35767835 PMCID: PMC9284512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) on paper substrates is a desirable material for single-use point-of-care sensing with its high-quality electrical properties, low fabrication cost, and ease of disposal. While a prior study has shown how the repeated lasing of substrates enables the synthesis of high-quality porous graphitic films, however, the process-property correlation of lasing process on the surface microstructure and electrochemical behavior, including charge-transfer kinetics, is missing. The current study presents a systematic in-depth study on LIG synthesis to elucidate the complex relationship between the surface microstructure and the resulting electroanalytical properties. The observed improvements were then applied to develop high-quality LIG-based electrochemical biosensors for uric acid detection. We show that the optimal paper LIG produced via a dual pass (defocused followed by focused lasing) produces high-quality graphene in terms of crystallinity, sp2 content, and electrochemical surface area. The highest quality LIG electrodes achieved a high rate constant k0 of 1.5 × 10-2 cm s-1 and a significant reduction in charge-transfer resistance (818 Ω compared with 1320 Ω for a commercial glassy carbon electrode). By employing square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and chronoamperometry on a disposable two-electrode paper LIG-based device, the improved charge-transfer kinetics led to enhanced performance for sensing of uric acid with a sensitivity of 24.35 ± 1.55 μA μM-1 and a limit of detection of 41 nM. This study shows how high-quality, sensitive LIG electrodes can be integrated into electrochemical paper analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Bhattacharya
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Sam J. Fishlock
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Sudipta Choudhury
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam
Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Annan Xiang
- IMRI, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3
5AB, U.K.
| | | | - Anurag Pritam
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Navneet Soin
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Susanta Sinha Roy
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam
Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - James A. McLaughlin
- School
of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, U.K.
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Generation of a Highly Efficient Electrode for Ethanol Oxidation by Simply Electrodepositing Palladium on the Oxygen Plasma-Treated Carbon Fiber Paper. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a highly efficient carbon-supported Pd catalyst for the direct ethanol fuel cell was developed by electrodepositing nanostructured Pd on oxygen plasma-treated carbon fiber paper (Pd/pCFP). The oxygen plasma treatment has been shown to effectively remove the surface organic contaminants and add oxygen species onto the CFP to facilitate the deposition of nano-structured Pd on the surface of carbon fibers. Under the optimized and controllable electrodeposition method, nanostructured Pd of ~10 nm can be easily and evenly deposited onto the CFP. The prepared Pd/pCFP electrode exhibited an extraordinarily high electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation, with a current density of 222.8 mA mg−1 Pd. Interestingly, the electrode also exhibited a high tolerance to poisoning species and long-term stability, with a high ratio of the forward anodic peak current density to the backward anodic peak current density. These results suggest that the Pd/pCFP catalyst may be a promising anodic material for the development of highly efficient direct alcohol fuel cells.
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The Development of CMOS Amperometric Sensing Chip with a Novel 3-Dimensional TiN Nano-Electrode Array. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19050994. [PMID: 30813577 PMCID: PMC6427664 DOI: 10.3390/s19050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensing chip with an 8 × 8 array of titanium nitride three-dimensional nano-electrodes (TiN 3D-NEA) was designed and fabricated via a standard integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. Each nano-electrode in 3D-NEA exhibited a pole-like structure with a radius of 100 nm and a height of 35 nm. The numeric simulation showed that the nano-electrode with a radius of around 100 nm exhibited a more uniformly distributed electric field and a much higher electric field magnitude compared to that of the microelectrode. Cyclic voltammetry study with Ru(NH3)63+ also revealed that the TiN 3D-NEA exhibited a much higher current density than that obtained from the microelectrode by two orders of magnitude. Further studies showed that the electrocatalytical reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could occur on a TiN 3D-NEA-based sensing chip with a high sensitivity of 667.2 mA⋅mM−1⋅cm−2. The linear detection range for H2O2 was between 0.1 μM and 5 mM with a lowest detection limit of 0.1 μM. These results indicated that the fabricated TiN 3D-NEA exhibited high catalytic activity and sensitivity to H2O2 and could be a promising sensor for H2O2 measurement.
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He F, Qin X, Bu L, Fu Y, Tan Y, Chen C, Li Y, Xie Q, Yao S. Study on the bioelectrochemistry of a horseradish peroxidase-gold nanoclusters bionanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Progress on Electrocatalysts of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Based on Carbon Fiber Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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