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Tang X, Jin Z, Zou R, Zhu Y, Yao X, Li M, Song S, Liu S, Zeng T. Sustainable Electrochemical Activation of Self-Generated Persulfate for the Degradation of Endocrine Disruptors: Kinetics, Performances, and Mechanisms. TOXICS 2024; 12:156. [PMID: 38393251 PMCID: PMC10893448 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an electrolysis system utilizing a novel self-circulation process of sulfate (SO42-) and persulfate (S2O82-) ions based on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathode, which is designed to enable electrochemical remediation of environmental contaminants with reduced use of chemical reagents and minimized residues. The production of S2O82- and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the BDD anode and ACF cathode, respectively, is identified as the source of active radicals for the contaminant degradation. The initiator, sulfate, is identified by comparing the degradation efficiency in NaSO4 and NaNO3 electrolytes. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that the SO4-· and ·OH generated on the ACF cathode are the main reactive radicals. A comparison of the degradation efficiency and the generated S2O82-/H2O2 of the divided/undivided electrolysis system is used to demonstrate the superiority of the synergistic effect between the BDD anode and ACF cathode. This work provides evidence of the effectiveness of the philosophy of "catalysis in lieu of supplementary chemical agents" and sheds light on the mechanism of the generation and transmission of reactive species in the BDD and ACF electrolysis system, thereby offering new perspectives for the design and optimization of electrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhiquan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Xia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuangliu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (X.T.); (Z.J.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (S.S.)
- Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Lyu P, Guo W, Qi H, Yuan X, Ma J, Xu X, Zhou H. Degradation of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in an ultrasonic zero-valent zinc and activated carbon micro-electrolysis system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1951. [PMID: 36732576 PMCID: PMC9894912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased attention has been given to the removal of ionic liquids (ILs) from natural water environments. In this work, 5 kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate ([Cnmim][BF4] (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)) ILs were degraded in an ultrasonic zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) and activated carbon (AC) micro-electrolysis system. Optimization of degradation conditions and the degradation levels were studied by high performance liquid chromatography, the surface morphology of the ZVZ and AC changed before and after the reaction were observed by scanning electron microscope. The degradation intermediates were detected by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry and ion chromatography, and inferred the degradation pathway. The degradation effect of [C4mim][BF4] was best with ultrasonic assistance, pH 3 and an AC/ZVZ ratio of 1:1. The degradation of [Cnmim][BF4] in aqueous solution exceeded 91.7% in 120 min, and the mineralization level exceeded 88.9%. The surface of smooth and dense ZVZ particles became loose flocculent and the porous surface of AC became larger and rougher after reaction. The degradation pathway suggested that the imidazolium ring was sulfurized or oxidized, and then the ring was opened to form N-alkyl formamide and N-methyl formamide. ZVZ/AC micro-electrolysis combined with ultrasonic irradiation is an effective method to remove ILs, which provides new insight into IL degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wan Guo
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hang Qi
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xingmin Xu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haimei Zhou
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Ren H, Qian H, Hou Q, Li W, Ju M. Removal of ionic liquid in water environment: A review of fundamentals and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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4
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Lalas K, Arvaniti OS, Zkeri E, Nika MC, Thomaidis NS, Mantzavinos D, Stasinakis AS, Frontistis Z. Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of ampicillin: Kinetics, transformation products and ecotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157378. [PMID: 35843320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The heat-activated persulfate system showed encouraging results for the destruction of the widely used antibiotic Ampicillin (AMP). AMP removal follows exponential decay, and the observed kinetic constant was enhanced with persulfate (PS) dosage at the range 50-500 mg L-1 and temperature (40-60 °C), while AMP thermolysis at 60 °C was almost negligible. The apparent activation energy was estimated to 124.7 kJ mol-1. Alkaline conditions, water matrix constituents like bicarbonates, humic acid, and real water matrices retarded AMP oxidation. Experiments performed with tert-butanol and methanol as scavengers demonstrated the contribution of sulfate radicals as the dominant reactive species. Seven transformation products (TPs) of AMP have been identified from AMP destruction. An EC50 value equal to 187 mg L-1 was calculated for 72 h of exposure of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana to AMP. According to the ecotoxicity experiments that conducted after treatment of AMP with PS for different reaction times, no important inhibition of microalgae was noticed for contact time of 72 h and 10 d. These results indicate the formation of no toxic AMP by-products for the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Lalas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna 34400, Greece
| | - Eirini Zkeri
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, GR 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece.
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Dos Santos CA, de Souza Cruz DR, da Silva WR, de Jesus GK, Santos AF, da Cunha GC, Wisniewski A, Romão LPC. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for degradation of bisphenol A using a new graphene/cobalt ferrite hybrid catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23929-23945. [PMID: 33398742 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive synthesis route was developed to obtain a magnetic nano-hybrid (GH) based on graphene and cobalt ferrite. Water with a high content of natural organic matter (NOM) was used as solvent and a source of carbon. The presence of NOM in the composition of GH was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which evidenced the formation of graphene, as also corroborated by XRD analyses. The diffractograms and TEM images showed the formation of a hybrid nanomaterial composed of graphene and cobalt ferrite, with crystallite and particle sizes of 0.83 and 4.0 nm, respectively. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton process (EF-GH) achieved 100% degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in 50 min, with 80% mineralization in 7 h, at pH 7, using a current density of 33.3 mA cm-2. The high catalytic performance was achieved at neutral pH, enabling substantial reduction of the costs of treatment processes. This work contributes to understanding the role of NOM in the synthesis of a magnetic nano-hybrid based on graphene and cobalt ferrite, for use in heterogeneous catalysis. This nano-hybrid has excellent potential for application in the degradation of persistent organic pollutants found in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenes Ramos da Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Gleyce Kelly de Jesus
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ferreira Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Graziele Costa da Cunha
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Pimenta Cruz Romão
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Materials (INCT-DATREM), P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
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Gonzaga IMD, Moratalla A, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Saez C. Novel Ti/RuO 2IrO 2 anode to reduce the dangerousness of antibiotic polluted urines by Fenton-based processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129344. [PMID: 33395582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of hospital wastewater is very complex, so treating polluted human urine is a significant challenge. Here, we tested a novel MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 electrode to reduce the ecotoxicity risk of hospital urines contaminated with antibiotics. This electrode was used as the anode in electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PhEF) processes. The results were compared with those obtained using the boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, as well as those obtained by a conventional Fenton oxidation. In order to analyze the performance of the processes, the treatments were evaluated on the subject of Penicilin G (PenG) removal, toxicity (using a standardized method with Vibrio Fisheri), and antibiotic activity (Enterococcus faecalis as the target bacterium). The results reveal that PenG degrades in the following order: Fenton < EF < PhEF. The best results are found for the MMO-PhEF, which completely removed PenG, decreased 96% of toxicity, and completely removed antibiotic activity. Besides, for comparison, tests were performed with BDD, and results point out the higher convenience of the new electrode in terms of acceptable use of energy because the effluents generated can be further degraded in an urban wastewater treatment plant. Because of that, MMO-RuO2-IrO2 emerges as a promising cost-effective material for the pre-treatment of hospital urine effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M D Gonzaga
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Angela Moratalla
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Katlin I B Eguiluz
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute - ITP, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Saez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Ciudad Real, Spain
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7
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Electro-Fenton Degradation of Selected Antiretroviral Drugs Using a Low-Cost Iron-Modified Carbon-Cloth Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Kuang C, Xu Y, Xie G, Pan Z, Zheng L, Lai W, Ling J, Talawar M, Zhou X. Preparation of CeO 2-doped carbon nanotubes cathode and its mechanism for advanced treatment of pig farm wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128215. [PMID: 33182126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effluent from conventional treatment process (including anaerobic digestion and anoxic-oxic treatment) for pig farm wastewater was difficult to treat due to its low ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/CODCr) (<0.1). In the present study, electro-Fenton (EF) was used to improve the biodegradability of the mentioned effluent and the properties of self-prepared CeO2-doped multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrodes were also studied. An excellent H2O2 production (165 mg L-1) was recorded, after an 80-min electrolysis, when the mass ratio of MWCNTs, CeO2 and pore-forming agent (NH4HCO3) was 6:1:1. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that addition of NH4HCO3 and the doping of CeO2 could increase the superficial area of the electrode as well as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electro-catalytic performance. The BOD5/CODCr of the wastewater from the first stage AO process increased from 0.08 to 0.45 and CODCr reduced 71.5% after an 80-min electrolysis, with 0.3 mM Fe2+ solution. The non-biodegradable chemical pollutants from the first stage AO process were degraded by EF. The non-biodegradable pollutants identified by LC-MS/MS in the effluent from AO process including aminopyrine, oxadixyl and 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid could be degraded by EF process, with the removal rates of 81.86%, 34.39% and 7.13% in 80 min, and oxytetracycline with the removal rate of 100% in 20 min. Therefore, electro-Fenton with the new CeO2-doped MWCNTs cathode electrode will be a promising supplement for advanced treatment of pig farm wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhi Kuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
| | - Guangyan Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Zhanchang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Weikang Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Jiayin Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Manjunatha Talawar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
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Santos GDO, Eguiluz KI, Salazar-Banda GR, Saez C, Rodrigo MA. Testing the role of electrode materials on the electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton degradation of clopyralid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Low energy electrochemical oxidation efficiently oxidizes a common textile dye used in Thailand. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Benchmarking recent advances and innovative technology approaches of Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and related processes: A review on the relevance of phenol as model molecule. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Díez A, Pazos M, Sanromán M. Bifunctional floating catalyst for enhancing the synergistic effect of LED-photolysis and electro-Fenton process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Isosaari P, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Ionic liquid-based water treatment technologies for organic pollutants: Current status and future prospects of ionic liquid mediated technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:604-619. [PMID: 31301501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity motivated the scientific researcher to develop efficient technologies for the wastewater treatment for its reuse. Ionic liquids have been applied to many industrial and analytical separation processes, but their applications in the wastewater treatment, especially in the removal of organic pollutants, are still not well explored. Potential applications of ionic liquids include solvent extraction, solvent membrane technologies and ionic liquid-modified materials that are mainly used as adsorbents. Aforementioned technologies have been examined for the abatement of phenol, chloro- and nitrophenols, toluene, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals etc. Present review enlightens the application of different ionic liquids in wastewater treatment and suggests the versatility of ionic liquids in the development of rapid, effective and selective removal processes for the variety of organic pollutants. Implementation of ionic liquid based technologies for wastewater treatment have lots of challenges including the selection of non-hazardous ionic liquids, technological applications, high testing requirements for individual uses and scaling-up of the entire pollutant removal, disposal, and ionic liquid regeneration process. Toxicity assessment of water soluble ionic liquids (ILs) is the major issue due to the widespread application of ILs and hence more exposure of environment by ILs. The development of effective technologies for the recovery/treatment of wastewater contaminated with ILs is necessary from the environmental point of view. Furthermore, the cost factor is the major challenge associated with ionic liquid-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Isosaari
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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Pęziak-Kowalska D, Syguda A, Ławniczak Ł, Borkowski A, Fourcade F, Heipieper HJ, Lota G, Chrzanowski Ł. Hybrid electrochemical and biological treatment of herbicidal ionic liquids comprising the MCPA anion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:172-179. [PMID: 31185431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the application of an electrochemical oxidation process combined with biodegradation for the removal of novel Herbicidal Ionic Liquids (HILs) -promising protection plant products which incorporate herbicidal anions and ammonium cations. The influence of carbon chain length (n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) in the dialkyldimethylammonium cations on electrochemical oxidation kinetics, degradation efficiency and biodegradation by activated sludge was investigated. It was established that the applied cation influenced the heterogeneous rate constant and diffusion coefficient of electrochemical oxidation. The oxidation efficiency ranged from 17% in case of HILs with C8 alkyl chain to approx. 60% in case of HILs comprising C14 and C16 alkyl chains after 3 h of electrochemical treatment. Subsequent biodegradation studies revealed that electrochemical oxidation improved the mineralization efficiency of the studied HILs. The mineralization efficiency of electrochemically-treated HILs ranged from 28% in case of HILs comprising the C8 alkyl chain to 57% in case of HILs with C14 and C16 alkyl chains after 28 days. In case of untreated HILs, the corresponding mineralization efficiency ranged from 0 to 8%, respectively. This confirms the feasibility of a hybrid electrochemical-biological approach for treatment of herbicidal ionic liquids based on MCPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pęziak-Kowalska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Syguda
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Florence Fourcade
- Université Rennes 1/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allées de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Lota
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
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15
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Damodhar Ghime, Prabir Ghosh. Removal of Organic Compounds Found in the Wastewater through Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Wen Z, Wang A, Zhang Y, Ren S, Tian X, Li J. Mineralization of cefoperazone in acid medium by the microwave discharge electrodeless lamp irradiated photoelectro-Fenton using a RuO 2/Ti or boron-doped diamond anode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:186-194. [PMID: 30999142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mineralization of 125 mL of 50-300 mg L-1 cefoperazone (CFPZ) has been comparatively studied by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) like anodic oxidation (AO), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) with a RuO2/Ti or boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathode. A microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) was used as the UV source in PEF process. CFPZ decays always followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and their constant rates increased in the order: AO < EF < MDEL-PEF, regardless of anode types. Higher mineralization was achieved in all methods using BDD instead of RuO2/Ti, while the most potent BDD-MDEL-PEF gave 88% mineralization under its optimum conditions of 0.36 A, pH 3.0 and 1.0 mmol L-1 Fe2+. The synergistic mechanisms were explored by quantifying the electrogenerated H2O2 and formed •OH, in which 2.27 and 2.58 mmol L-1 H2O2 were accumulated in AO-H2O2 with RuO2/Ti or BDD anode, respectively, while 92.0 and 263.5 μmol L-1 •OH were generated in EF with RuO2/Ti or BDD anode, respectively. The oxidation power of EAOPs with different anodes was also compared by measuring the evolutions of NO3- and NH4+ as well as four generated carboxylic acids including oxalic, oxamic, formic and fumaric acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Wen
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Songyu Ren
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiujun Tian
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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17
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Mena IF, Cotillas S, Díaz E, Sáez C, Mohedano ÁF, Rodrigo MA. Sono- and photoelectrocatalytic processes for the removal of ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:77-84. [PMID: 29233584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, sono- and photoelectrolysis of synthetic wastewaters polluted with the ionic liquids 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimAc) and chloride (BmimCl) were investigated with diamond anodes. The results were compared to those attained by enhancing bare electrolysis with irradiation by UV light or with the application of high-frequency ultrasound (US). Despite its complex heterocyclic structure, the Bmim+ cation was successfully depleted with the three technologies that were tested and was mainly transformed into four different organic intermediates, an inorganic nitrogen species and carbon dioxide. Regardless of the technology that was evaluated, removal of the heterocyclic ring is much less efficient (and much slower) than oxidation of the counter ion. In turn, the counter ion influences the rate of removal of the ionic liquid cation. Thus, the electrolysis and photoelectrolysis of BmimAc are much less efficient than sonoelectrolysis, but their differences become much less important in the case of BmimCl. In this later case, the most efficient technology is photoelectrolysis. This result is directly related to the generation of free radicals in the solution by irradiation of the electrochemical system with UV light, which contributes significantly to the removal of Bmim+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael F Mena
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de España S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel F Mohedano
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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de Oliveira Marcionilio SML, Crisafulli R, Medeiros GA, de Sousa Tonhá M, Garnier J, Neto BAD, Linares JJ. Influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the degradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solutions on boron-doped diamond anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:343-350. [PMID: 30826704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the degradation process of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) solution on a boron-doped diamond anode in a filter-type electrochemical reactor configuration. The results show that this parameter did not significantly affect this process when operating in the laminar regime. However, in the transition regime (Re ≥ 2000), higher flow rates resulted in a faster removal of BMImCl and total organic carbon, making the process more efficient. Following BMImCl degradation, nitrates were generated at the cathode, then reduced at the cathode to ammonium; combination with free chloride produced at the anode led to the transformation of chloride into combined chlorine forms instead of more toxic oxianions such as chlorate and perchlorate. Thus, the flow rate can be a key parameter for defining operating conditions in which the target BMImCl is more effectively degraded with reduced generation of undesirable secondary products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudy Crisafulli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Medeiros
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Myller de Sousa Tonhá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Garnier
- Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José J Linares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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19
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Díez A, Pazos M, Sanromán M. Synthesis of magnetic-photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of emerging pollutant. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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20
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Removal of imidazolium-based ionic liquid by coupling Fenton and biological oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:289-296. [PMID: 30447636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the potential of combining Fenton´s reagent and biological oxidation for removing the imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EmimCl). Fenton-like oxidation was conducted at variable H2O2 doses from 20 to 100% the stoichiometric value as calculated from the theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD). The stoichiometric H2O2 dose afforded Total Organic Carbon (TOC) conversion and COD removal of 50 and 62%, respectively. Identifying the reaction by-products formed at low hydrogen peroxide doses allowed a plausible pathway for EmimCl oxidation to be proposed. The effluents from Fenton-like oxidation at substoichiometric H2O2 doses were less ecotoxic and more biodegradable than was the parent ionic liquid. The effluent from Fenton-like oxidation with the 60% H2O2 dose (TOC conversion ≅ 41%, COD removal ≅ 31%) was subsequently subjected to an effective biological treatment that allowed complete removal of the starting compound, increased its ecotoxicity to a low-moderate level and rendered it acceptably biodegradable. Biological oxidation was performed in 8-h and 12-h cycles in a sequencing batch reactor. Combining Fenton and biological oxidation of EmimCl afforded TOC conversion and COD removal of around 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gomez-Herrero
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Tobajas
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Polo
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodriguez
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F Mohedano
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Olvera-Vargas H, Wee VYH, Garcia-Rodriguez O, Lefebvre O. Near-neutral Electro-Fenton Treatment of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Effect of Using a Triphosphate Ligand and BDD Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; National University of Singapore; 1 Engineering, Dr. 2 Singapore 117576
| | - Vincent Yong Han Wee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; National University of Singapore; 1 Engineering, Dr. 2 Singapore 117576
| | - Orlando Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; National University of Singapore; 1 Engineering, Dr. 2 Singapore 117576
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; National University of Singapore; 1 Engineering, Dr. 2 Singapore 117576
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22
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Vidal J, Huiliñir C, Santander R, Silva-Agredo J, Torres-Palma RA, Salazar R. Degradation of ampicillin antibiotic by electrochemical processes: evaluation of antimicrobial activity of treated water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4404-4414. [PMID: 29770941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ampicillin (AMP) is an antibiotic widely used in hospitals and veterinary clinics around the world for treating infections caused by bacteria. Therefore, it is common to find traces of this antibiotic in wastewater from these entities. In this work, we studied the mineralization of this antibiotic in solution as well as the elimination of its antimicrobial activity by comparing different electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), namely electro-oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF), and photo electro-Fenton (PEF). With PEF process, a high degradation, mineralization, and complete elimination of antimicrobial activity were achieved in 120-min electrolysis with high efficiency. In the PEF process, fast mineralization rate is caused by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) that are generated in the bulk, on the anode surface, by UV radiation, and most importantly, by the direct photolysis of complexes formed between Fe3+ and some organic intermediates. Moreover, some products and intermediates formed during the degradation of the antibiotic Ampicillin, such as inorganic ions, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds, were determined by photometric and chromatographic methods. An oxidation pathway is proposed for the complete conversion to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vidal
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente (LEQMA), Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo, 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Santander
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente (LEQMA), Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo, 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Silva-Agredo
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente (LEQMA), Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo, 33, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Deng F, Qiu S, Olvera-vargas H, Zhu Y, Gao W, Yang J, Ma F. Electrocatalytic sulfathiazole degradation by a novel nickel-foam cathode coated with nitrogen-doped porous carbon. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Meijide J, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for 1-butylpyridinium chloride degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3145-3156. [PMID: 29034428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of the electro-Fenton process for organic compound mineralisation has been widely reported over the past years. However, operational problems related to the use of soluble iron salt as a homogeneous catalyst involve the development of novel catalysts that are able to operate in a wide pH range. For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads, containing goethite as iron, were synthesised and evaluated as heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for 1-butylpyridinium chloride mineralisation. The influence of catalyst dosage and pH solution on ionic liquid degradation was analysed, achieving almost total oxidation after 60 min under optimal conditions (2 g/L catalyst concentration and pH 3). The results showed good catalyst stability and reusability, although its effectiveness decreases slightly after three successive cycles. Furthermore, a plausible mineralisation pathway was proposed based on the oxidation byproducts determined by chromatographic techniques. Finally, the Microtox® test revealed notable detoxification after treatment which demonstrates high catalyst ability for pyridinium-based ionic liquid degradation by the electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Meijide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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25
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Chen Q, Li W, Ling K, Yang R. Investigation of Growth Mechanism of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coating on Al-Ti Double-Layer Composite Plate. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12020272. [PMID: 30650647 PMCID: PMC6357152 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aluminum–titanium (Al-Ti) double-layer composite plate is a promising composite material, but necessary surface protection was required before its application. In this paper, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was employed to fabricate a ceramic coating on the surface of a Al-Ti double-layer composite plate. To investigate the coating growth mechanism on the Al-Ti double-layer composite plate, a single-Al plate and a single-Ti plate were introduced for comparison experiments. Results showed that, the composite of Al and Ti accelerated the coating growth rate on the part-Ti portion of the composite plate, and that of the part-Al portion was decreased. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the equivalent circuit of the Al-Ti coating was formed by connecting two different circuits in parallel. The reaction behavior revealed that the electric energy during the PEO would leak from the circuit with the weaker blocking effect, and confirmed that the electric energy distribution followed the law of low-resistance distribution. Finally, the mechanism was extended to the PEO treatment on general metal matrix composites to broaden the application theory of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Weizhou Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Kui Ling
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ruixia Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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26
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Domínguez CM, Munoz M, Quintanilla A, de Pedro ZM, Casas JA. Kinetics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids degradation in aqueous solution by Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34811-34817. [PMID: 29034425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, several works dealing with Fenton oxidation of ionic liquids (ILs) have proved the capability of this technology for their degradation, achieving complete ILs removal and non-toxic effluents. Nevertheless, very little is known about the kinetics of this process, crucial for its potential application. In this work, the effect of several operating conditions, including reaction temperature (50-90 °C), catalyst load (10-50 mg L-1 Fe3+), initial IL concentration (100-2000 mg L-1), and hydrogen peroxide dose (10-200% of the stoichiometric amount for the complete IL mineralization) on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) oxidation has been investigated. Under the optimum operating conditions (T = 90 °C; [Fe3+]0 = 50 mg L-1; [H2O2]0 = 100% of the stoichiometric amount), the complete removal of [C4mim]Cl (1000 mg L-1) was achieved at 1.5-min reaction time. From the experimental results, a potential kinetic model capable to describe the removal of imidazolium-based ILs by Fenton oxidation has been developed. By fitting the proposed model to the experimental data, the orders of the reaction with respect to IL initial concentration, Fe3+ amount and H2O2 dose were found to be close to 1, with an apparent activation energy of 43.3 kJ mol-1. The model resulted in a reasonable fit within the wide range of operating conditions tested in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Domínguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Munoz
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Quintanilla
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahara M de Pedro
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casas
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Removal of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids by Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34930-34937. [PMID: 29318485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of imidazolium (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, HmimCl) and pyridinium (1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, BmpyrCl) ionic liquids (ILs) by Fenton's reagent has been studied. Complete conversion was achieved for both ILs using the stoichiometric H2O2 dose at 70 °C, reaching final TOC conversion values around 45 and 55% for HmimCl and BmpyrCl, respectively. The decrease in hydrogen peroxide dose to substoichiometric concentrations (20-80% stoichiometric dose) caused a decrease in TOC conversion and COD removal and the appearance of hydroxylated oxidation by-products. Working at these substoichiometric H2O2 doses allowed the depiction of a possible degradation pathway for the oxidation of both imidazolium and pyridinium ILs. The first step of the oxidation process consisted in the hydroxylation of the ionic liquid by the attack of the ·OH radicals, followed by the ring-opening and the formation of short-chain organic acids, which could be partially oxidized up to CO2 and H2O. At H2O2 doses near stoichiometric values (80%), the resulting effluents showed non-ecotoxic behaviour and more biodegradable character (BOD5/COD ratio around 0.38 and 0.58 for HmimCl and BmpyrCl, respectively) due to the formation of short-chain organic acids. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gomez-Herrero
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Tobajas
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Polo
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodriguez
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F Mohedano
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Ganiyu SO, Vieira Dos Santos E, Tossi de Araújo Costa EC, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) as alternative treatment techniques for carwash wastewater reclamation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:998-1006. [PMID: 30119031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes such as electrooxidation (EO), electrooxidation with hydrogen peroxide generation (EO-H2O2) and electro-Fenton process (EF) have been investigated as alternative treatment techniques for complete removal of anionic surfactants and organic matters from real carwash wastewater. The electrochemical processes were performed with acidified real carwash wastewater using boron doped anode and carbon felt cathode. In all cases, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was always increased with rise in applied current and complete organic matter decay was achieved at applied current of 500 mA or above after 6 h of electrolysis. Faster and higher COD decay was observed with EF compared to either EO or EO-H2O2 treatment, at all currents and electrolysis time. Besides, complete degradation of anionic surfactants - the major organic content of the wastewater could be achieved at all applied currents studied irrespective of the process used, indicating the efficacy of processes for total remediation of real carwash wastewater. The short-chain carboxylic acids formed as the final organic byproducts were identified and quantified by ion-exclusion chromatography. More so, lower energy consumption and higher current efficiency were achieved with EF compared to EO-H2O2. Electrochemical treatment was found to be a powerful technology for the complete abatement of organic matter in carwash wastewater for possible reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliu O Ganiyu
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Science and TechnologySchool, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Mena IF, Cotillas S, Díaz E, Sáez C, Mohedano ÁF, Rodrigo MA. Influence of the supporting electrolyte on the removal of ionic liquids by electrolysis with diamond anodes. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poza-Nogueiras V, Arellano M, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán MA, González-Romero E. Electroanalytical techniques applied to monitoring the electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Deng F, Olvera-Vargas H, Garcia-Rodriguez O, Qiu S, Yang J, Lefebvre O. The synergistic effect of nickel-iron-foam and tripolyphosphate for enhancing the electro-Fenton process at circum-neutral pH. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:687-696. [PMID: 29547857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A composite nickel-iron-foam (Ni-Fe-F) electrode was used as a cathode in the electro-Fenton (EF) process at circum-neutral pH in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that phenol degradation was dramatically improved by the synergistic effect of Ni-Fe-F and TPP, reaching 100% removal in 40 min, with kapp = (8.90 ± 0.12) × 10-2 min-1, which was about 18 times higher than that of Ni-Fe-F with sulfate as conventional electrolyte at pH 3.00 (kapp = (5.00 ± 0.14) × 10-3 min-1). A (75.00 ± 1.67)% mineralization yield was attained after 4-h treatment time. Ni-Fe-F proved capable of providing the Fe2+ ions necessary to catalyze the Fenton's reaction via a controlled chemical/electrochemical redox process. In addition, Ni-Fe-F promoted the chemical and electrochemical generation of H2O2. With respect to TPP, its chelation with Fe ions prevented iron precipitation at neutral and higher pH values, extending the pH range of the Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the TPP ligand promoted the activation of molecular O2 for the chemical production of OH, enhancing the process efficiency. By overcoming these common limitations of conventional EF in K2SO4 electrolyte, the Ni-Fe-F/TPP system represents a more sustainable alternative for practical application of EF. A degradation pathway for phenol mineralization with homogeneous and heterogeneous OH produced by the EF Ni-Fe-F/TPP system is proposed based on the identification of the oxidation by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Center, Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Dr. 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Dr. 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Orlando Garcia-Rodriguez
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Dr. 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Shan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Center, Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Center, Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Dr. 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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Poza-Nogueiras V, Arellano M, Rosales E, Pazos M, González-Romero E, Sanromán MA. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton as plausible technology for the degradation of imidazolinium-based ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:68-75. [PMID: 29428517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional water treatments are generally inadequate for degradation of emerging pollutants such as ionic liquids (ILs). The use of heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) has attracted great interest, due to its ability to efficiently oxidize a wide range of organic pollutants operating in cycles or in continuous mode. In this study, the removal of a complex IL from the imidazolinium family (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride), by means of HEF using iron alginate spheres as catalyst has been investigated, resulting in significant TOC decay after 6 h. The optimization of the key process parameters (current, IL concentration and catalyst dosage) has been performed using a Box-Behnken experimental design and achieving 76.98% of TOC abatement in 2 h of treatment. Current proved to be a crucial parameter and high catalyst dosage is required to achieve the maximum removal. In addition, an insight about the availability of iron into the reactor and the evolution of several intermediates has been carried out by employing differential pulse voltammetry on screen-printed carbon electrodes. The evolution of the different voltammetric peaks confirmed the influence of iron release, and the generation of several iron complexes has permitted the comprehension of the degradation pathway, which has been validated by chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Poza-Nogueiras
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Pazos
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E González-Romero
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - M A Sanromán
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Hamad H, Bassyouni D, El-Ashtoukhy ES, Amin N, Abd El-Latif M. Electrocatalytic degradation and minimization of specific energy consumption of synthetic azo dye from wastewater by anodic oxidation process with an emphasis on enhancing economic efficiency and reaction mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:501-512. [PMID: 29121592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the knowledge-based methodology for the development of an electrochemical system, enabling simultaneous optimization of various operating parameters such as current density (j), initial dye concentration (Co), NaCl concentration (CN) for the mineralization of Reactive Violet 2 (RV-2) and Acid Brown 14 (AB-14) dye on the efficiency of removal, energy consumption (EC), Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD), apparent rate constants (kapp) and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) all of which have been examined. The relationship between kapp and EEO is also discussed. The degradation efficiency and kapp always rising at higher j and lower Co and CN while EC, EEO, and operating cost increased at higher j, Co and CN. On the other hand, The COD increased with decrease j, Co and higher CN. Due to the strong formation of hydroxyl radicals from water discharge, the graphite electrode possesses a strong power of electro-generation rate and competitive wasting reactions of organic compounds. The results demonstrated that the relatively high dye removal, COD and low specific energy consumption are obtained simultaneously only if the various parameters are regulated to a plausible value j of 79Am-2, Co of 100mg/L and CN of 1g/L within 60min of electrolysis. The color removal efficiency is much faster for RV-2 compared to AB-14 due to the contribution of azo bond in the dye molecule. Also, the EC and kapp are higher for RV-2 than AB-14 while is lower in terms of EEO and COD. A comprehensive reaction sequence of RV-2 and AB-14 mineralization involving all oxidation products was proposed. Formation and evolution of aromatic and aliphatic (short-chain carboxylic acids) intermediates during the treatment and a mineralization pathway is proposed. The estimated cost of operation for degradation at optimum conditions is calculated as 1.54 and 1.29 USD m-3/g dye for complete degradation RV-2 and AB-14, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Hamad
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Bassyouni
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed El-Ashtoukhy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Nevin Amin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Mona Abd El-Latif
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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34
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Luo C, Wang H, Dong W, Zhang X. Theoretical investigation on the mechanism of the OH-initiated degradation process of reactive red 2 azo dye. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual descriptor (Δf) data of azo form (a, RR2) and hydrazone form (b, HRR2) of RR2 dianion. For Δf> 0 (green), the site is favorable for nucleophilic attack, for Δf< 0 (blue), the site is favorable for electrophilic attack. Key bond lengths in Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xianbing Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Chongqing Jiaotong University
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Lin H, Oturan N, Wu J, Sharma VK, Zhang H, Oturan MA. Removal of artificial sweetener aspartame from aqueous media by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:220-227. [PMID: 27728881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The degradation and mineralization of aspartame (ASP) in aqueous solution were investigated, for the first time, by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) in which hydroxyl radicals were formed concomitantly in the bulk from Fenton reaction via in situ electrogenerated Fenton's reagent and at the anode surface from the water oxidation. Experiments were performed in an undivided cylindrical glass cell with a carbon-felt cathode and a Pt or boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. The effect of Fe2+ concentration and applied current on the degradation and mineralization kinetics of ASP was evaluated. The absolute rate constant for the reaction between ASP and OH was determined as (5.23 ± 0.02) × 109 M-1 s-1 by using the competition kinetic method. Almost complete mineralization of ASP was achieved with BDD anode at 200 mA constant current electrolysis. The formation and generation of the formed carboxylic acids (as ultimate end products before complete mineralization) and released inorganic ion were monitored by ion-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography techniques, respectively. The global toxicity of the treated ASP solution during treatment was assessed by the Microtox® method using V. fischeri bacteria luminescence inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jie Wu
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Fuzhou 350011, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Abstract
The degradation of aqueous solutions containing phenolphthalein was carried out using ozone and electrochemical processes; the two different treatments were performed for 60 min at pH 3, pH 7, and pH 9. The electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrodes processes was carried out using three current density values: 3.11 mA·cm−2, 6.22 mA·cm−2, and 9.33 mA·cm−2, whereas the ozone dose was constantly supplied at 5±0.5 mgL−1. An optimal degradation condition for the ozonation treatment is at alkaline pH, while the electrochemical treatment works better at acidic pH. The electrochemical process is twice better compared with ozonation.
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