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Hossain MH, Abdullah N, Tan KH, Saidur R, Mohd Radzi MA, Shafie S. Evolution of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery in Electrode. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300092. [PMID: 37144668 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a highly regarded technology for large-scale energy storage due to its outstanding features, such as scalability, efficiency, long lifespan, and site independence. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of its performance in carbon-based electrodes, along with a comprehensive review of the system's principles and mechanisms. It discusses potential applications, recent industrial involvement, and economic factors associated with VRFB technology. The study also covers the latest advancements in VRFB electrodes, including electrode surface modification and electrocatalyst materials, and highlights their effects on the VRFB system's performance. Additionally, the potential of two-dimensional material MXene to enhance electrode performance is evaluated, and the author concludes that MXenes offer significant advantages for use in high-power VRFB at a low cost. Finally, the paper reviews the challenges and future development of VRFB technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasnat Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norulsamani Abdullah
- Research Center for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Cluster, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kim Han Tan
- Research Center for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R Saidur
- Research Center for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Cluster, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaidi Shafie
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ibrahim OA, Navarro-Segarra M, Sadeghi P, Sabaté N, Esquivel JP, Kjeang E. Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7236-7266. [PMID: 34995463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion is an important supplement for storage and on-demand use of renewable energy. In this regard, microfluidics offers prospects to raise the efficiency and rate of electrochemical energy conversion through enhanced mass transport, flexible cell design, and ability to eliminate the physical ion-exchange membrane, an essential yet costly element in conventional electrochemical cells. Since the 2002 invention of the microfluidic fuel cell, the research field of microfluidics for electrochemical energy conversion has expanded into a great variety of cell designs, fabrication techniques, and device functions with a wide range of utility and applications. The present review aims to comprehensively synthesize the best practices in this field over the past 20 years. The underlying fundamentals and research methods are first summarized, followed by a complete assessment of all research contributions wherein microfluidics was proactively utilized to facilitate energy conversion in conjunction with electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells, flow batteries, electrolysis cells, hybrid cells, and photoelectrochemical cells. Moreover, emerging technologies and analytical tools enabled by microfluidics are also discussed. Lastly, opportunities for future research directions and technology advances are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Ibrahim
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada.,Fuelium S.L., Edifici Eureka, Av. Can Domènech S/N, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Marina Navarro-Segarra
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Pardis Sadeghi
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erik Kjeang
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
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Chen P, Cheng R, Meng G, Ren Z, Xu J, Song P, Wang H, Zhang L. Performance of the graphite felt flow-through electrode in hexavalent chromium reduction using a single-pass mode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125768. [PMID: 33836323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flow-through electrodes generally outcompete traditional parallel-plate electrodes in current efficiency and mass transfer. High-performance electrode materials can be costly and complicated to fabricate, hindering their wide application. In this study, we used commercial graphite felt (GF) as the cathode of a flow-through electrochemical cell to investigate its potential in treating Cr(VI) solution through electroreduction. The flow-through design with the porous GF electrode allowed sufficient contact surface with Cr(VI) and single-pass tests demonstrated a high reduction efficiency (95~100%) [117 mg/L~3 mg/L Cr(VI)] under acidic conditions. Slow flow rate and high current promoted electroreduction of Cr(VI). The presence of other metal ions could further improve Cr(VI) reduction at low flow rates due to enhanced conductivity in dilute solutions and generation of low valent ions as reducing agents. At fast flow rates, competition of these ions for reduction decreased Cr(VI) reduction efficiency. Moreover, an acidic environment prevented the coating of an insoluble layer on the GF surface and promoted durable performance, with a lower energy consumption [0.46 kWh for treating 100 L 117 mg/L Cr(VI) solution per unit area of GF]. This work demonstrated the potential of Cr(VI) detoxification using GF cathodes in flow-through electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guangyuan Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiming Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Division of Science, Engineering and Technology, Thomas Nelson Community College, Hampton, VA 23452, USA
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lehua Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Martins CA, Ibrahim OA, Pei P, Kjeang E. In situ decoration of metallic catalysts in flow-through electrodes: Application of Fe/Pt/C for glycerol oxidation in a microfluidic fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu C, Liu L, Wang X, Xu B, Lan W. Enhancing the Performance of Microfluidic Fuel Cells by Modifying the Carbon-Fiber Paper Cathode by Air Annealing and Acid Oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- Institute of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lei Liu
- China Nonferrous Metals Processing Technology Company, Ltd., Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuetao Wang
- Institute of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weijuan Lan
- Institute of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
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