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Tundwal A, Kumar H, Binoj BJ, Sharma R, Kumar G, Kumari R, Dhayal A, Yadav A, Singh D, Kumar P. Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9406-9439. [PMID: 38516158 PMCID: PMC10951819 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors are the latest development in the field of energy storage devices (ESDs). A lot of research has been done in the last few decades to increase the performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes of supercapacitors are modified by composite materials based on conducting polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, chalcogenides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc. In comparison to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have advantages such as quick charging and high power density. This review is focused on the progress in the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors using composite materials based on conducting polymers, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles/nanofibres, and CNTs. Moreover, we investigated different types of ESDs as well as their electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and kinetic aspects. We have also discussed the classification of different types of SCs; advantages and drawbacks of SCs and other ESDs; and the use of nanofibres, carbon, CNTs, graphene, metal oxide-nanofibres, and conducting polymers as electrode materials for SCs. Furthermore, modifications in the development of different types of SCs such as pseudo-capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and electrical double-layer capacitors are discussed in detail; both electrolyte-based and electrolyte-free supercapacitors are taken into consideration. This review will help in designing and fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with high energy density and power output, which will act as an alternative to Li-ion batteries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tundwal
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Bibin J Binoj
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Gaman Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Ankit Dhayal
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Abhiruchi Yadav
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | | | - Parvin Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
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Huang J, Liu Z, Huang D, Jin T, Qian Y. Efficient removal of uranium (VI) with a phytic acid-doped polypyrrole/ carbon felt electrode using double potential step technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128775. [PMID: 35358817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to efficiently extract uranium from uranium-containing wastewater, a novel acid doped polypyrrole/carbon felt (PA-PPy/CF) electrode was prepared via a facile electrodeposition method. For this material, PA and PPy combined to form a stable chemical structure by a charge compensation mechanism. The electrochemical characterization results showed that PA-PPy can significantly accelerate the electrochemical reduction rate of uranium ions. Moreover, a double potential step technique (DPST) was applied to prevent water splitting and maintained the electrocatalytic reduction activity of the surface groups during the electrochemical adsorption process. The removal efficiency obtained by the DPST method was six times higher than that obtained by the conventional chemical adsorption. When the concentrations of uranyl nitrate were 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of uranium were 98.8%, 98.1%, 94.6%, and 93.7%, and the adsorption capacities of uranium were 164.7, 326.9, 788.5, and 1562.0 mg/g, respectively. This material also showed an excellent recycling performance and remarkable selectivity for uranium ions. This work may shed light on the development of removal system for uranium (VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Dejuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Tianxiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China; School of Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
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Liang S, Yang Y, Lv C, Liu Y, Xia H. Integratable photodetectors based on photopolymerized conductive polymer via femtosecond laser direct writing. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2630-2633. [PMID: 35648891 DOI: 10.1364/ol.461197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable electrical conductivity. However, the low solubility and inability to meet the limit for the flexible patterning fabrication ability of conductive polymers hinders their applications in miniaturized and integrated electronic devices. Here, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is employed to achieve the in situ fabrication of polypyrrole (PPy) with flexibility. Notably, high-precision flexible patterning with a minimum feature size of 5.2 µm and spatial control over the polymerization of PPy is achieved. Moreover, PPy microwires are constructed into a photodetector that exhibits a responsivity of 644 A/W at 0.1-V bias under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ultimately, an image sensor is fabricated by integrating multiple photodetectors, demonstrating the application potential of FsLDW technology for developing miniaturized and integrated electronic devices based on conductive polymers.
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Ahmad Z, Kim WB, Kumar S, Yoon TH, Shim JJ, Lee JS. Redox-active supercapacitor electrode from two-monomer-connected precursor (Pyrrole: Anthraquinonedisulfonic acid: Pyrrole) and sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotube. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ye W, Wang H, Shen J, Khan S, Zhong Y, Ning J, Hu Y. Halogen-based functionalized chemistry engineering for high-performance supercapacitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen Y, Yin Z, Huang D, Lei L, Chen S, Yan M, Du L, Xiao R, Cheng M. Uniform polypyrrole electrodeposition triggered by phytic acid-guided interface engineering for high energy density flexible supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:356-365. [PMID: 34959009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unevenly distributed polypyrrole (PPy) films/coatings with extensive "dead volumes" via electrodeposition have emerged as a main challenge for high energy density flexible supercapacitor. In this work, we have fabricated a phytic acid-guided graphite carbon felt/polypyrrole (GF@PA@PPy) 3D porous composite with less "dead volumes" via electrodeposition. After the activation of phytic acid (PA), the quantity and content of defects and oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon felt (GF) have increased. First, these functional groups improve the hydrophilicity of the surface of GF, resulting in the preferential uniform distribution of pyrrole monomer (Py). While significantly, the synergistic effects between the defects and oxygen-containing groups boost the attraction of pyrrole ring, and thus promotes the formation of perfect PPy films with less "dead volume" on GF. Finally, the supercapacitor assembled from the GF@PA@PPy-40 displays a high areal energy density of 0.0732 mWh cm-2, exceeding the previously reported PPy-based electrodes values. The deeper understanding of the role for the defects and oxygen-containing groups in the synthesis of PPy/carbon materials offers a new strategy to construct advanced PPy-based supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhuo Yin
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ruihao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Zhang M, Nautiyal A, Du H, Li J, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang R. Polypyrrole film based flexible supercapacitor: mechanistic insight into influence of acid dopants on electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Rajesh M, Manikandan R, Kim BC, Becuwe M, Yu KH, Raj CJ. Electrochemical polymerization of chloride doped PEDOT hierarchical porous nanostructure on graphite as a potential electrode for high performance supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang R, Xue Y, Jiang F, Zhou W, Xu J, Duan X, Zhu D, Xu L, Cai Y, Liang A. Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles: electrosynthesis, characterization, and improved capacitive performance. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles, comb-like 5-PFMIn and flower-like 6-PFMIn, are prepared and they exhibit high specific capacitance and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings
| | - Yu Xue
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Xuemin Duan
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Cai
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Liang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
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Molecular tailoring to improve polypyrrole hydrogels’ stiffness and electrochemical energy storage capacity. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang C, Zhang P, Nautiyal A, Li S, Liu N, Yin J, Deng K, Zhang X. Tunable Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Hydrogels for Energy-Storage Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4258-4267. [PMID: 30618232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogels represent a group of high-performance electrochemical energy-storage materials. Here, we demonstrate a molecular self-assembly approach toward controlled synthesis of nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) conducting hydrogels, which was "cross-linked" by a conjugated dopant molecule trypan blue (TB) to form a 3D network with controlled morphology. The protonated TB by ion bonding aligns the free sulfonic acid groups into a certain spatial structure. The sulfonic acid group and the PPy chain are arranged by a self-sorting mechanism to form a PPy nanofiber structure by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. It is found that PPy hydrogels doped with varying dopant concentrations and changing dopant molecules exhibited controllable morphology and tunable electrochemical properties. In addition, the conjugated TB dopants promoted interchain charge transport, resulting in higher electrical conductivity (3.3 S/cm) and pseudocapacitance for the TB-doped PPy, compared with PPy synthesized without TB. When used as supercapacitor electrodes, the TB-doped PPy hydrogel reaches maximal specific capacitance of 649 F/g at the current density 1 A/g. The result shows that PPy nanostructured hydrogels can be tuned for potential applications in next-generation energy-storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Yang
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Amit Nautiyal
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Auburn University , Auburn 36849 , United States
| | - Shihua Li
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Na Liu
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Jialin Yin
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , 071002 Hebei , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Auburn University , Auburn 36849 , United States
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Jia M, Cui L, Peng F, Li Y, Xu L, Jin X. Self-assembly design and synthesis of pulp fiber–graphene for flexible and high performance electrode based on polyacrylamide. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and template-free method for the fabrication of modified pulp fiber (PF)–polyacrylamide (PAM)–graphene (RGO) composite electrodes was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
| | - Linlin Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
| | - Feng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
| | - Yue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
| | - Lanshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
| | - Xiaojuan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy
- Beijing Forestry University
- 35 Qinghua East Road
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Xu L, Cui L, Jia M, Li Y, Gao J, Jin X. Self-assembly of flexible graphene hydrogel electrode based on crosslinked pectin-cations. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:593-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Raj CJ, Manikandan R, Lee WG, Cho WJ, Yu KH, Kim BC. Polypyrrole thin film on electrochemically modified graphite surface for mechanically stable and high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lu Y, Zheng Q, Wu J, Yu Y. Enhanced electrochemical charge storage performance by doping of copper phthalocyanine-3,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt into polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes 3D-nanostructured electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Micromorphology-controlled synthesis of polypyrrole films by using binary surfactant of Span80/OP10 via interfacial polymerization and their enhanced electrochemical capacitance. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Impedimetric genosensor for miRNA-34a detection in cell lysates using polypyrrole. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Manikandan R, Raj CJ, Rajesh M, Kim BC, Sim JY, Yu KH. Electrochemical Behaviour of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium Ion Electrolytes in a Na0.33
V2
O5
Symmetric Pseudocapacitor with High Performance and High Cyclic Stability. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
| | - C. Justin Raj
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
| | - Murugesan Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
| | - Byung Chul Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, IPRI, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus; University of Wollongong; NSW-2522 Australia
| | - Ju Yong Sim
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Dongguk University-Seoul; Jung-gu, Seoul- 04620 Republic Korea
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A potential-controlled ion pump based on a three-dimensional PPy@GO membrane for separating dilute lead ions from wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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