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Wang Y, Wang H, Ji J, You T, Lu C, Liu C, Song Y, Chen Z, Zhu S. Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties of Sn-based peanut shell biochar electrode materials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6298-6309. [PMID: 38380232 PMCID: PMC10877239 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Using activated-carbon-based electrodes derived from waste biomass in super-capacitor energy technologies is an essential future strategy to achieve sustainable energy and environmental protection. Biomass feed-stocks such as bamboo and straw have been used to prepare activated carbon-based electrodes. This experiment used peanut shells (waste biomass) as carbon precursors. Peanut shell-activated biochar materials were prepared using KOH activation and heat treatment, and SnO2@KBC-CNTs, a composite electrode material of biochar loaded with tin oxide. It was produced through hydrothermal synthesis, utilizing SnCl4-5H2O as the tin precursor. The application of KOH activators during pyrolysis markedly enhanced the porosity and specific surface area of the resultant activated biochar, due to effective dispersion and degradation of pyrolytic products. Characterized by a micro-mesoporous structure, the composite's pores boasted a specific surface area of 158.69 m2 g-1. When tested at a density of current of 0.5 A g-1, the specific capacitance of SnO2@KBC-CNTs reached 198.62 F g-1, nearly doubling the performance of the KBC electrode material alone. Moreover, the composite demonstrated a low ion transfer resistance of 0.71 Ω during charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China
| | - Jiangtao Ji
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China
| | - Tianyan You
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 Canada
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University Montreal H3G 1M8 Canada
| | - Shufa Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China
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2
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Zhu J, Song J, Han B, Gao J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xin G. Nanoarchitectonics on residual carbon from gasification fine slag upon two step low temperature activation for application in supercapacitors. iScience 2023; 26:108186. [PMID: 38026189 PMCID: PMC10679893 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the carbon electrode materials were prepared by the KOH-HNO3 low-temperature activation technique using cheap residual carbon from gasification fine slag (CK) as raw materials. The results showed that the prepared material (CKN-2) which obtained by dry-wet sequential activation at 500°C for 1.5 h at carbon to KOH ratio of 1:2 and further at 80°C for 1 h in 2 mol/L HNO3 solution. The specific capacitance of CKN-2 reached 142 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. CKN-2 was used to assemble a symmetrical (CKN-2//CKN-2) supercapacitor, which exhibited an energy density of 6.80 Wh/kg at a power density of 244.8 W/kg. The CKN-2//CKN-2 capacitor was tested for stability after 10,000 cycles, with a capacitance retention rate of 97%. These results demonstrate that residual carbon from gasification fine slag can be effectively used to produce high-performance carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors using the KOH-HNO3 low-temperature sequential co-activation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Jinling Song
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Baobao Han
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Inner Mongolia Bdsd Chemical Co, Ltd, Inner Mongolia 017004, China
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- Inner Mongolia Bdsd Chemical Co, Ltd, Inner Mongolia 017004, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Bdsd Chemical Co, Ltd, Inner Mongolia 017004, China
| | - Guoxiang Xin
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
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3
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Xie K, Zhang W, Ren K, Zhu E, Lu J, Chen J, Yin P, Yang L, Guan X, Wang G. Electrochemical Performance of Corn Waste Derived Carbon Electrodes Based on the Intrinsic Biomass Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5022. [PMID: 37512296 PMCID: PMC10384028 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of cost-effective and sustainable biomass-derived carbon materials as electrodes for energy conversion and storage has gained extensive attention in recent research studies. However, the selection of the biomass and the electrochemical performance regulation of the derived biochar, as well as their interrelationship still remain challenging for practical application. Herein, corn wastes with high carbon content (>40%), corn cob and corn silk, were selected as precursors for the preparation of high value-added and high yield carbon materials via a modified synthetic process. Uniquely, this work put emphasis on the theoretical and experimental investigations of how the biomass properties influence the composition and nanostructure regulation, the electrolyte ion adsorption free energy, and the electrical conductivity of the derived carbon materials as well as their electrochemical performance optimization. Owing to the favorable specific surface area, the hierarchical porous structure, and the diverse elemental distribution, corn cob and corn silk derived carbon materials (CBC and SBC) present great potential as promising electrodes for alkaline aqueous zinc batteries and supercapacitors. The assembled CBC//Zn and SBC//Zn zinc batteries deliver high energy densities of 63.0 Wh kg-1 and 39.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 575 W kg-1, with excellent cycling performance of 91.1% and 84.3% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. As for the assembled symmetric supercapacitors, high energy densities of 14.9 Wh kg-1 and 13.6 Wh kg-1, and superior long-term cycling stability of 99.3% and 96.6% capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles could be achieved. This study highlights the advantages of utilizing corn cob and corn silk as carbon sources on the designed synthesis of carbon electrodes, and presents a meaningful perspective in the investigation of biomass-derived carbon materials and their potential applications in rechargeable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhan Xie
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Enze Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Jianyi Lu
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Jingyang Chen
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Penggang Yin
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Guangsheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Yang X, Lv T, Qiu J. High Mass-Loading Biomass-Based Porous Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Review and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300336. [PMID: 36840663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-based porous carbon (BPC) with renewability and flexible nano/microstructure tunability has attracted increasing attention as efficient and cheap electrode materials for supercapacitors. To meet commercial needs, high mass-loading electrodes with high areal capacitance are preferred when designing supercapacitors. The increased mass percentage of active materials can effectively improve the energy density of supercapacitors. However, as the thickness of the electrode increases, it will face the following challenges including severely blocked ion transport channels, poor charging dynamics, poor electrode structural stability, and complex preparation processes. A bridge between theoretical research and practical applications of BPC electrodes for supercapacitors needs to be established. In this review, the advances of high mass-loading BPC electrodes for supercapacitors are summarized based on different biomass precursors. The key performance evaluation parameters of the high mass-loading electrodes are analyzed, and the performance influencing factors are systematically discussed, including specific surface area, pore structure, electrical conductivity, and surface functional groups. Subsequently, the promising optimization strategies for high mass-loading electrodes are summarized, including the structure regulation of electrode materials and the optimization of other supercapacitor components. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities of high mass-loading BPC electrodes in the future are discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lv
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Heteroatom‐Doped Three Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Carbon Sphere from Melamine and Glucose for High‐Performance Supercapacitor. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Demir M, Doguscu M. Preparation of Porous Carbons Using NaOH, K
2
CO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
and Na
2
S
2
O
3
Activating Agents and Their Supercapacitor Application: A Comparative Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Demir
- Department of Chemical Engineering Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Osmaniye 80000 Turkey
| | - Merve Doguscu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Osmaniye 80000 Turkey
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7
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Elanthamilan E, Catherin Meena B, Renuka N, Santhiya M, George J, Kanimozhi E, Christy Ezhilarasi J, Princy Merlin J. Walnut shell derived mesoporous activated carbon for high performance electrical double layer capacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Kim JH, Lee HM, Jung SC, Chung DC, Kim BJ. Bamboo-Based Mesoporous Activated Carbon for High-Power-Density Electric Double-Layer Capacitors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102750. [PMID: 34685189 PMCID: PMC8539786 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Demand for hybrid energy storage systems is growing, but electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have insufficient output characteristics because of the microporous structure of the activated carbon electrode material. Commercially, activated carbon is prepared from coconut shells, which yield an activated carbon material (YP-50F) rich in micropores, whereas mesopores are desired in EDLCs. In this study, we prepared mesoporous activated carbon (PB-AC) using a readily available, environmentally friendly resource: bamboo. Crucially, modification using phosphoric acid and steam activation was carried out, which enabled the tuning of the crystal structure and the pore characteristics of the product. The structural characteristics and textural properties of the PB-AC were determined, and the specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio of the PB-AC product were 960–2700 m2/g and 7.5–44.5%, respectively. The high specific surface area and mesopore-rich nature originate from the phosphoric acid treatment. Finally, PB-AC was used as the electrode material in EDLCs, and the specific capacitance was found to be 86.7 F/g for the phosphoric-acid-treated sample steam activated at 900 °C for 60 min; this capacitance is 35% better than that of the commercial YP-50F (64.2 F/g), indicating that bamboo is a suitable material for the production of activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwan Kim
- Research & Development Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54853, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-M.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Lee
- Research & Development Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54853, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-M.L.)
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea;
| | - Dong-Chul Chung
- Department of Organic Materials & Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-C.C.); (B.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-220-3293 (B.-J.K.)
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Department of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-C.C.); (B.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-220-3293 (B.-J.K.)
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9
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Zhong X, Mao Q, Li Z, Wu Z, Xie Y, Li SH, Liang G, Wang H. Biomass-derived O, N-codoped hierarchically porous carbon prepared by black fungus and Hericium erinaceus for high performance supercapacitor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27860-27867. [PMID: 35480776 PMCID: PMC9037799 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived carbon materials have been widely researched due to their advantages such as low cost, environmental friendliness, readily available raw materials. Black fungus and Hericium erinaceus contain many kinds of amino acids. In this paper, unique O, N-codoped black fungus-derived activated carbons (FAC X ), and Hericium erinaceus-derived activated carbons (HAC X ) were prepared by KOH chemical activation under different temperatures without adding additional reagents containing nitrogen and oxygen functional groups, respectively. As electrode materials of symmetric supercapacitors, FAC2 and HAC2 calcined at 800 °C exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 209.3 F g-1 and 238.6 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the two-electrode configuration with 6.0 M KOH as the electrolyte, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the as-synthesized FAC X and HAC X contained small amounts of nitrogen and oxygen elements. Moreover, heteroatom-doped FAC2 and HAC2 electrode materials shown excellent rate performance (84.1% and 75.0% capacitance retention at 20 A g-1, respectively). By comparison, the oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon (HAC2) shows higher specific capacitance and energy density and longer cycling performance. Nevertheless, carbon-rich hierarchical porous carbon (FAC2) indicates excellent rate performance. Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped porous carbons are expected to become ideal active materials for high performance supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Quanyuan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zesheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Zhigao Wu
- Guangxi Vocational and Technical Institute of Industry Nanning 530005 China
| | - Yatao Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Guichao Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
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Ma M, Wang Y, Chen Y, Tan F, Cao Y, Cai W. Hierarchically porous carbon derived from renewable Chingma Abutilon Seeds for high-energy supercapacitors. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Zhong G, Xu S, Chao J, Fu X, Liao W, Xu Y, Liu Z, Cao Y. Biomass-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Activated by Magnesium Chloride as Ultrahigh-Performance Supercapacitors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Shurui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaobo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong Province, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ziwu Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yonghai Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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12
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Khalid M, Paul R, Honorato AM, Varela H. Pinus nigra pine derived hierarchical carbon foam for high performance supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Jia H, Qiu S, Li W, Liu D, Xie X. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon derived from low-cost precursors of egg juice and commercial polymeric adsorbent as superior material for high performance supercapacitor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Zhang Y, Tang Z. Porous carbon derived from herbal plant waste for supercapacitor electrodes with ultrahigh specific capacitance and excellent energy density. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:250-260. [PMID: 32240941 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here in this work, porous carbon is prepared from waste of a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza flowers. Structures of the porous carbons are regulated by simply regulating of activation temperatures and dosages of activator. The optimized porous carbon owns a high specific surface area of 1715.3 m2 g-1 and total pore volume of 0.6392 cm3 g-1, together with a unique hierarchical architecture and ultrahigh content of 45.97 at% self-doped O and 0.49 at% of N. When used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the prepared porous carbon exhibited excellent specific capacitance and energy density as well as fantastic cycle stability. Under a current density of 0.5 A/g, the electrode based on this material showed high specific capacitance of 530 F/g, with fantastic rate performance of 258 F/g at 20 A/g and excellent cycle stability of 91% capacitance retention for 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g in a three-electrode system in 6 M KOH. In assembled supercapacitors, the SF-PC700-3 based electrode worked under potential of 1 V and exhibited 222 F/g of specific capacitance at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and even when the current density was increased up to 30 A/g, the specific capacitance can still as high as 168 F/g, verified the excellent performance of SF-PC700-3. Symmetric supercapacitors in Na2SO4 and TEABF4/AN electrolyte showed voltage ranges of 1.8 V and 3 V respectively, and high energy density of 22.2 Wh Kg-1 at 448. W Kg-1 and 40.6 Wh Kg-1 at 755.8 W Kg-1 are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLei Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Xianyang 712083, PR China.
| | - ZhiShu Tang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Xianyang 712083, PR China.
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15
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Lu Q, Zhou S, Li B, Wei H, Zhang D, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu Q. Mesopore-rich carbon flakes derived from lotus leaves and it’s ultrahigh performance for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Niu L, Shen C, Yan L, Zhang J, Lin Y, Gong Y, Li C, Sun CQ, Xu S. Waste bones derived nitrogen–doped carbon with high micropore ratio towards supercapacitor applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Oxygen/phosphorus co-doped porous carbon from cicada slough as high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5431. [PMID: 30931964 PMCID: PMC6443656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesizing high-performance electrode materials plays a vital role in fabricating advanced supercapacitors. Heteroatom doping has been proved to be effective in enhancing the electrochemical properties of carbon-based electrodes. Herein, we report an O, P co-doped porous carbon (PC) originated from waste biomaterials, cicada sloughs. The PC possesses meso-/microporous structure with a large specific surface area (1945 m2·g-1) and a high O, P co-doping ratio of 18 wt.%. These superior factors together enable it to deliver high specific capacitance (295 F·g-1 in 6 M KOH and 291 F·g-1 in 1 M H2SO4), good cycling stability (100% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4) and rate performance. Therefore, from the respects of environment friendliness and cost effectivity, obtaining heteroatom doped carbons from the nature might be better compared to pyrolyzing heteroatom-containing chemicals.
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18
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Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The demand for renewable energy sources worldwide has gained tremendous research attention over the past decades. Technologies such as wind and solar have been widely researched and reported in the literature. However, economical use of these technologies has not been widespread due partly to cost and the inability for service during of-source periods. To make these technologies more competitive, research into energy storage systems has intensified over the last few decades. The idea is to devise an energy storage system that allows for storage of electricity during lean hours at a relatively cheaper value and delivery later. Energy storage and delivery technologies such as supercapacitors can store and deliver energy at a very fast rate, offering high current in a short duration. The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in research and development in supercapacitor technology. Several electrochemical properties of the electrode material and electrolyte have been reported in the literature. Supercapacitor electrode materials such as carbon and carbon-based materials have received increasing attention because of their high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and excellent stability in harsh environments etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in biomass-derived activated carbons as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The development of an alternative supercapacitor electrode material from biowaste serves two main purposes: (1) It helps with waste disposal; converting waste to a useful product, and (2) it provides an economic argument for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. This article reviews recent developments in carbon and carbon-based materials derived from biowaste for supercapacitor technology. A comparison between the various storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance of electrodes derived from biowaste is presented.
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Ma F, Ding S, Ren H, Liu Y. Sakura-based activated carbon preparation and its performance in supercapacitor applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2474-2483. [PMID: 35520485 PMCID: PMC9059875 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3D porous carbonaceous materials were prepared by combining pre-carbonization and KOH activation with sakura petals as raw materials. The prepared porous sakura carbon (SAC-4) exhibits a high specific surface area, a suitable pore size distribution, a low proportion of oxygen-rich groups and N functional groups, and a partially graphitized phase, which are very beneficial for the electrochemical performance of the material as a supercapacitor electrode. In the activation step, when the mass ratio of KOH to sakura carbon (SC) is 4, a supercapacitor is prepared. A maximal specific capacitance of 265.8 F g−1 is obtained when the current density is 0.2 A g−1. When the current density is 1 A g−1, after 2000 cycles in succession, the capacitance retention rate is excellent and the cycling stability can reach as high as 90.2%. The obtained results indicate that porous carbon prepared with sakura blossom as the raw material is an effective and environmentally friendly electrode material for energy storage. 3D porous carbonaceous materials were prepared by combining pre-carbonization and KOH activation with sakura petals as raw materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Shaolan Ding
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Huijun Ren
- School of Arts and Sciences of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
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Converting Corncob to Activated Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Application. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040181. [PMID: 29561807 PMCID: PMC5923511 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials derived from biomass are promising electrode materials for supercapacitor application due to their specific porosity, low cost and electrochemical stability. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon derived from corncob was developed for use as electrodes. Benefitting from its hierarchical porosity, inherited from the natural structure of corncob, high BET surface area (1471.4 m2·g−1) and excellent electrical conductivity, the novel carbon material exhibited a specific capacitance of 293 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte and maintained at 195 F·g−1 at 5 A·g−1. In addition, a two-electrode device was assembled and delivered an energy density of 20.15 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 500 W·kg−1 and an outstanding stability of 99.9% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles.
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Kang X, Wang C, Yin J. Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Cotton Stalks for High-Performance Supercapacitors. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
- Laboratory of Eco-Materials and Sustainable Technology (LEMST); Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
- Laboratory of Eco-Materials and Sustainable Technology (LEMST); Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
| | - Jiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
- Laboratory of Eco-Materials and Sustainable Technology (LEMST); Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 China
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