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Brito FDCM, Lopes WC, Ribeiro FOS, Rodrigues RRL, França Rodrigues KAD, Santos Machado FD, Araújo AJ, Marinho Filho JDB, Oliveira ACJ, Filho ECS, Ribeiro IS, Paula RCMD, Hallwass F, Viana VGF, Silva DA. Influence of Reduction with NaBH 4 and HCl in Obtaining Amino Derivatives of Cashew Gum and Cytotoxic Profile. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2856. [PMID: 37447501 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree-exuded gums are natural polymers that represent an abundant raw material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The cashew gum can be obtained by exudation of trees of the genus Anacardium, a native species of the Brazilian northeast; its polymer consists of monosaccharide units propitious to the action of chemical reactions that tend to improve their intrinsic characteristics among them, as the degree of hydro-solubility. The objective of this work was to modify the exudate gum of Anacardium occidentale (cashew gum (CG)) through an amine reaction. The modification was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). In addition, the chemical modification altered the molar mass and surface charge of the CG, and the amino group binding to the CG polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectra. In addition, cytotoxicity tests were performed where cell viability was estimated by an MTT assay on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Through these tests, it was found that the amine caused an increase in the thermal stability of the amino compounds and did not present cytotoxic potential at concentrations below 50.0 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco das C M Brito
- Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Piripiri 64260-000, PI, Brazil
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering PPGEM, Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Teresina 64000-040, PI, Brazil
| | - Wilton C Lopes
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Pedro II 64255-000, PI, Brazil
| | - Fábio O S Ribeiro
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ladic, Parnaíba, Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Dos Santos Machado
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta (LCCDelta), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Jérsia Araújo
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta (LCCDelta), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson C S Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Irisvan S Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Regina C M de Paula
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hallwass
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Vicente Gálber F Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering PPGEM, Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Teresina 64000-040, PI, Brazil
| | - Durcilene A Silva
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
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Dehghani Soltani M, Meftahizadeh H, Barani M, Rahdar A, Hosseinikhah SM, Hatami M, Ghorbanpour M. Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant gum: From biological applications to advanced nanomedicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1972-1985. [PMID: 34748787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers are an efficient class of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers, because they are readily available, come from natural sources, inexpensive and can be chemically modified with the correct reagents. Guar gum (GG) is a natural polymer with great potential to be used in pharmaceutical formulations due to its unique composition and lack of toxicity. GG can be designed to suit the needs of the biological and medical engineering sectors. In the development of innovative drug delivery systems, GG is commonly utilized as a rate-controlling excipient. In this review, different properties of GG including chemical composition, extraction methods and its usefulness in diabetes, cholesterol lowering, weight control, tablet formulations as well as its food application were discussed. The other purpose of this study is to evaluate potential use of GG and its derivatives for advanced nanomedicine such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and nanosensing. It should be noted that some applicable patents in medical area have also been included in the rest of this survey to extend knowledge about guar gum and its polymeric nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidar Meftahizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Kokab T, Shah A, Nisar J, Ashiq MN, Khan MA, Khan SB, Bakhsh EM. Phenolic water toxins: redox mechanism and method of their detection in water and wastewater. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35783-35795. [PMID: 35492751 PMCID: PMC9043152 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic pollutants are highly toxic and persistent in the environment. Their efficient detection is a pressing social demand. In this regard we introduce a novel ultrasensitive electroanalytical platform for the individual and synchronized detection of three phenolic isomers commonly known as hydroquinone (HQ), resorcinol (RC), and catechol (CC). The sensing device consists of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and gold-silver (Au-Ag NPs) bimetallic nanoparticles. The sandwiched scaffold represented as fCNTs/Au-Ag NPs/fCNTs/GCE efficiently senses HQ, RC, and CC with detection limits of 28.6 fM, 36.5 fM and 42.8 fM respectively. The designed sensor is more promising than reported sensors for phenolic toxins in the context of high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid responsiveness. The designed sensor also shows the qualities of stability, reproducibility, reliability, and selective recognition capacity for target analytes in multiple real water samples. Moreover, computational calculations explain the function of the electrode modifier in facilitating charge transfer between the transducer and analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Kokab
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Jan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakaryia University Multan 6100 Pakistan
| | - M Abdullah Khan
- Renewable Energy Advancement Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Dhananjayan N, Viswanathan K, Jeyaraj W, Ayyakannu A, Karuppasamy G. Antibiofilm and antimicrobial efficacy evaluation of polypyrrole nanotubes embedded in aminated gum acacia based nanocomposite. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:441-454. [PMID: 34694716 PMCID: PMC8675859 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of natural polysaccharide-based hybrid composites is highly important for the effective replacement of metal nanoparticles in diverse applications. Here, polypyrrole nanotubes (PPyNTs) were embedded on the surface of aminated gum acacia (AGA) to produce ecofriendly nanocomposites for biomedical applications. The morphology of a PPyNT-enhanced AGA (PPyNT@AGA) hybrid nanocomposite was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and their affirmed interactions were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Raman, Fourier transform-infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. Interestingly, the prepared PPyNT@AGA nanocomposite exhibited 90% biofilm inhibition against gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae and fungal strain Candida albicans with promising antimicrobial performance. This study establishes the good inhibition of a PPyNT@AGA hybrid composite against various microorganisms. The stability of the nanocomposite coupled with antimicrobial activity enables an effective strategy for diagnosing and controlling pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiya Dhananjayan
- Department of Bioelectronics and BiosensorsAlagappa UniversityKaraikudiIndia
| | | | - Wilson Jeyaraj
- Department of Bioelectronics and BiosensorsAlagappa UniversityKaraikudiIndia
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Dhananjayan N, Jeyaraj W, Karuppasamy G. Interactive Studies on Synthetic Nanopolymer decorated with Edible Biopolymer and its Selective Electrochemical determination of L-Tyrosine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13287. [PMID: 31527738 PMCID: PMC6746781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, an edible biopolymer amine Modified Gum Acacia (MGA), successfully encumbered with Electron Beam irradiated Polypyrrole Nanospheres (EB-PPy NSs), was investigated for the effective role in L-Tyrosine (Tyr) biosensing application. The morphology of EB-PPy NSs decorated MGA (EB-PPy/MGA) hybrid nanobiocomposite has been studied by Scanning electron microscopy and its affirmed interactions were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The hybrid nanobiocomposite manifested diamagnetic behavior with reduced saturation magnetization (Ms = 1.412 × 10-4 emu/g) to produce more adhesive surface. Amine chains in EB-PPy NSs and hydroxyl groups of MGA contributed to effective immobilization, thus enabling suitable orientation for Tyr determination. The electrochemical analysis illustrated that the proposed nanobiocomposite based sensor exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward selective determination of Tyr in the linear range of 0.4 to 600 µM with a lower detection limit of 85 nM, low oxidation potential of 0.72 V and good selectivity. Finally, the reliability of the constructed EB-PPy/MGA for Tyr detection was demonstrated in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiya Dhananjayan
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India
| | - Wilson Jeyaraj
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
| | - Gurunathan Karuppasamy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India
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