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Sultana S, Ahmed K, Jiwanti PK, Wardhana BY, Shiblee MDNI. Ionic Liquid-Based Gels for Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices: A Review of Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Gels 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 35049537 PMCID: PMC8774367 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts that are entirely composed of ions and have melting temperatures below 100 °C. When immobilized in polymeric matrices by sol-gel or chemical polymerization, they generate gels known as ion gels, ionogels, ionic gels, and so on, which may be used for a variety of electrochemical applications. One of the most significant research domains for IL-based gels is the energy industry, notably for energy storage and conversion devices, due to rising demand for clean, sustainable, and greener energy. Due to characteristics such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and strong ionic conductivity, IL-based gels appear to meet the stringent demands/criteria of these diverse application domains. This article focuses on the synthesis pathways of IL-based gel polymer electrolytes/organic gel electrolytes and their applications in batteries (Li-ion and beyond), fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Furthermore, the limitations and future possibilities of IL-based gels in the aforementioned application domains are discussed to support the speedy evolution of these materials in the appropriate applicable sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh;
| | - Kumkum Ahmed
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Prastika Krisma Jiwanti
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.K.J.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - Brasstira Yuva Wardhana
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.K.J.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - MD Nahin Islam Shiblee
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4 Chome-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
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Wei Chien S, Tay JJM, Chee CPT, Jun Loh X, Fam DWH, Lim JYC. Halide Salt-Catalyzed Crosslinked Polyurethanes for Supercapacitor Gel Electrolyte Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3237-3243. [PMID: 34232551 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes are an important advancement in energy storage technology due to their enhanced safety and practical ionic conductivities at ambient temperatures. Herein, a simple one-step facile synthesis of chemically crosslinked polyurethanes containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) macromolecular segments was developed, using ubiquitous non-toxic tetrabutylammonium or potassium chloride and bromide salts as catalysts. These salts were shown to catalyze the gelation of diol-diisocyanate polyaddition reactions within minutes. When impregnated with a liquid electrolyte, the resulting gel electrolyte exhibited a practical ionic conductivity of 1.1×10-4 S cm-1 at 40 °C and low segmental chain motion activation energy (11 kJ mol-1 ). These findings further promote PEO-PPO polyurethanes as a biocompatible class of materials suitable for further exploration as gel polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau Wei Chien
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jacob J M Tay
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Celestine P T Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Derrick W H Fam
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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Lé T, Bidan G, Billon F, Delaunay M, Gérard JM, Perrot H, Sel O, Aradilla D. Deciphering the Influence of Electrolytes on the Energy Storage Mechanism of Vertically-Oriented Graphene Nanosheet Electrodes by Using Advanced Electrogravimetric Methods. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122451. [PMID: 33297598 PMCID: PMC7762363 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyte composition is a crucial factor determining the capacitive properties of a supercapacitor device. However, its complex influence on the energy storage mechanisms has not yet been fully elucidated. For this purpose, in this study, the role of three different types of electrolytes based on a propylene carbonate (PC) solution containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAClO4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (N1114TFSI) ionic liquid on vertically-oriented graphene nanosheet electrodes has been investigated. Herein, in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and its coupling with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), known as ac-electrogravimetry, have allowed the dynamic aspects of the (co)electroadsorption processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface to be examined. A major contribution of ClO4− anions (TBAClO4) was evidenced, whereas in the PC/N1114TFSI mixture (50:50 wt%) both anions (TFSI−) and cations (N1114+) were symmetrically exchanged during cycling. In the particular case of LiClO4, solvation of Li+ cations in PC was involved, affecting the kinetics of electroadsorption. These results demonstrate the suitability of dynamic electrogravimetric methods to unveil the interfacial exchange properties of mobile species for the conception of new high performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lé
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (T.L.); (F.B.); (H.P.)
- IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Gérard Bidan
- IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Florence Billon
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (T.L.); (F.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Marc Delaunay
- IRIG-PhELIQS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.D.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Jean-Michel Gérard
- IRIG-PhELIQS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (M.D.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (T.L.); (F.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Ozlem Sel
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8235, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (T.L.); (F.B.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Aradilla
- IRIG-SyMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.A.)
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Burchak O, Keller C, Lapertot G, Salaün M, Danet J, Chen Y, Bendiab N, Pépin-Donat B, Lombard C, Faure-Vincent J, Vignon A, Aradilla D, Reiss P, Chenevier P. Scalable chemical synthesis of doped silicon nanowires for energy applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22504-22514. [PMID: 31746905 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03749g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A versatile, low-cost and easily scalable synthesis method is presented for producing silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as a pure powder. It applies air-stable diphenylsilane as a Si source and gold nanoparticles as a catalyst and takes place in a sealed reactor at 420 °C (pressure <10 bar). Micron-sized NaCl particles, acting as a sacrificial support for the catalyst particles during NW growth, can simply be removed with water during purification. This process gives access to SiNWs of precisely controlled diameters in the range of 10 ± 3 nm with a high production yield per reactor volume (1 mg cm-3). The reaction was scaled up to 500 mg of SiNWs without altering the morphology or diameter. Adding diphenylphosphine results in SiNW n-type doping as confirmed by ESR spectroscopy and EDX analyses. The measured SiNW doping level closely follows the initial dopant concentration. Doping induces both an increase in diameter and a sharp increase of electrical conductivity for P concentrations >0.4%. When used in symmetric supercapacitor devices, 1% P-doped SiNWs exhibit an areal capacity of 0.25 mF cm-2 and retention of 80% of the initial capacitance after one million cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability of the SiNW electrodes in the presence of organic electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Burchak
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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