1
|
Zhou Y, Cao H, An Z, Huo Y, Jiang J, Ma Y, Xie J, He M. Effective boosting of halogenated α, β-unsaturated C 4-dicarbonyl electrocatalytic hydrodehalogenation by 1 T'-MoS 2/Ti 3C 2T 2 (T = O, OH, F) heterojunctions: A theoretical study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132531. [PMID: 37716265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated α, β-unsaturated C4-dicarbonyl (X-BDA), a novel family of high-toxicity ring cleavage products, is produced during the disinfection of phenolic compounds. The technique of electrocatalytic hydrodehalogenation (ECH) is efficient in rupturing carbon-halogen bonds and generating useful chemicals. This study used first principles to examine the ECH reaction mechanism of X-BDA and the subsequent hydrogenation reaction of the toxic derivative BDA over the 1 T'-MoS2/Ti3C2T2 (T = O, OH, F) catalysts. The catalytic activity of Ti3C2T2 (T = O, OH, F) catalysts decreases gradually with -OH, -F, -O functional group. The loading of 1 T'-MoS2 onto the Ti3C2T2 surface improves the stability and selectivity of Ti3C2T2. In particular, 1 T'-MoS2/Ti3C2(OH)2 is most conducive to the ECH reaction of X-BDA via a direct-indirect continuous reduction process. It exhibits excellent removal capability towards Cl-BDA, with decreasing reactivity in the order of the Cl-, Br-, and I-BDA. The material offers a solution to the challenging dechlorination issue. The dehalogenated product BDA can be hydrogenated to produce 1,4-butanedial, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,4-butenediol. Three valuable chemicals can be obtained by exerting an applied potential of - 0.65 V. This work suggests that the formation of heterojunction catalyst may lead to new strategies to improve ECH for environmental remediation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Haijie Cao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Zexiu An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Yanru Huo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinchan Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Fan S, Li X, Niu Z, Liu Z, Bai C, Duan J, Tadé MO, Liu S. Rod-Like Nanostructured Cu-Co Spinel with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Electrocatalytic Dechlorination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12915-12923. [PMID: 36863000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) hydrodechlorination to methane (CH4) is a promising approach to remove the halogenated contaminants and generate clean energy. In this work, rod-like nanostructured CuCo2O4 spinels with rich oxygen vacancies are designed for highly efficient electrochemical reduction dechlorination of dichloromethane. Microscopy characterizations revealed that the special rod-like nanostructure and rich oxygen vacancies can efficiently enhance surface area, electronic/ionic transport, and expose more active sites. The experimental tests demonstrated that CuCo2O4-3 with rod-like nanostructures outperformed other morphology of CuCo2O4 spinel nanostructures in catalytic activity and product selectivity. The highest methane production of 148.84 μmol in 4 h with a Faradaic efficiency of 21.61% at -2.94 V (vs SCE) is shown. Furthermore, the density function theory proved oxygen vacancies significantly decreased the energy barrier to promote the catalyst in the reaction and Ov-Cu was the main active site in dichloromethane hydrodechlorination. This work explores a promising way to synthesize the highly efficient electrocatalysts, which may be an effective catalyst for dichloromethane hydrodechlorination to methane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhaodong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Moses O Tadé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veerakumar P, Hung ST, Hung PQ, Lin KC. Review of the Design of Ruthenium-Based Nanomaterials and Their Sensing Applications in Electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8523-8550. [PMID: 35793416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review, ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs)-based functional nanomaterials have attractive electrocatalytic characteristics and they offer considerable potential in a number of fields. Ru-based binary or multimetallic NPs are widely utilized for electrode modification because of their unique electrocatalytic properties, enhanced surface-area-to-volume ratio, and synergistic effect between two metals provides as an effective improved electrode sensor. This perspective review suggests the current research and development of Ru-based nanomaterials as a platform for electrochemical (EC) sensing of harmful substances, biomolecules, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, and environmental pollutants. The advantages and limitations of mono-, bi-, and multimetallic Ru-based nanocomposites for EC sensors are discussed. Besides, the relevant EC properties and analyte sensing approaches are also presented. On the basis of these insights, we highlighted recent results for synthesizing techniques and EC environmental pollutant sensors from the perspectives of diverse supports, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, silica, semiconductors, metal sulfides, and polymers. Finally, this work overviews the modern improvements in the utilization of Ru-based nanocomposites on the basis for electroanalytical sensors as well as suggestions for the field's future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaimani Veerakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Qi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mao Z, Liu L, Yang HB, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Wu H, Huang Y, Xu Y, Liu B. Atomically dispersed Pd electrocatalyst for efficient aqueous phase dechlorination reaction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Yu C, Hu X, Yu J, Mao Z, Wu H, Shi M, Liu Q, Xu Y. Why does Pd-catalyzed electrochemical hydrodechlorination proceed much slower than hydrodechlorination using hydrogen gas? Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Wang Q, Zhou L, Chen Q, Mao M, Jiang W, Long Y, Fan G. Oxygenated functional group-driven spontaneous fabrication of Pd nanoparticles decorated porous carbon nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124456. [PMID: 33223316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have been committed to reducing the hazardous pollutants by developing efficient catalysts while ignoring the pollution caused by the use of toxic surface capping agents, reductants and/or organic solvents in the catalyst preparation process. To alleviate such problems, we here report a novel one-step oxygenated functional group-driven electroless deposition strategy to synthesize clean and uniformly distributed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using porous carbon nanosheets (PCN) as both substrates and reducing agents. It is observed that the oxygenated functional groups enriched PCN possesses a low work function and allows the spontaneous reduction of PdCl42- ions to Pd NPs deposited on the PCN support (Pd/PCN). The particle size of Pd NPs can be flexibly modulated by simply controlling the immersing time and thereby their maximum catalytic performances can be achieved. Specifically, the optimal Pd/PCN-08 with a Pd loading of 3.0 wt% shows an excellent activity with a turnover frequency of 0.38 min-1 for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination (ECH) of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), superior to the previously reported materials. The stability of Pd/PCN-08 for 4-CP ECH is impressive in repetitive cycles. This work proposes a facile and efficient strategy to synthesize high-performance catalysts for detoxifying the hazardous organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Lingxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Mingyue Mao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Yan Long
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Guangyin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Cui C, Zhang G, Xin Y, Wang S. Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of pentachlorophenol on Pd-supported magnetic biochar particle electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Gross SJ, McDevitt KM, Mumm DR, Mohraz A. Mitigating Bubble Traffic in Gas-Evolving Electrodes via Spinodally Derived Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8528-8537. [PMID: 33555849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous electrodes are widely used in the industry because of their high surface area to volume ratio. However, the stochastic morphology of most commercially available porous electrodes results in poor electrical connections in the solid phase and inefficient mass transport through the pore phase. This can be especially detrimental for gas-evolving processes such as water electrolysis for hydrogen and oxygen generation. Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) offer templates from which to create porous electrodes with robust solid-state interconnectivity and a uniform pore structure that facilitate improved electron and mass transport. In this study, gas release rates and electrochemical experiments are utilized to study the effects of powder- and bijel-derived microstructures on hydrogen generation by water electrolysis. The bijel-derived electrodes are shown to expel product gas faster and require up to 25% less overpotential to drive water electrolysis over the range of current densities tested (-5 to -40 mA/cm2) than their powder-derived analogs. Our findings suggest that the uniform and bicontinuous domains of bijel-derived porous electrodes can mitigate the limited current distribution and deleterious bubble effect found in stochastic electrodes, in turn improving the overall performance of electrolytic processes requiring transport of gaseous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J Gross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 544 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2585, United States
| | - Kyle M McDevitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 544 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2585, United States
| | - Daniel R Mumm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 544 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2585, United States
| | - Ali Mohraz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2580, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 544 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2585, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Enhanced electrochemical dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol on a nickel foam electrode modified with palladium, polypyrrole and graphene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
10
|
Wang W, Niu J, Yang Z. An efficient reduction of unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups by nascent hydrogen over Raney Ni catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121912. [PMID: 31874759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Presence of unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups is the most common characteristic of toxic and harmful environmental pollutants. Herein, catalytic hydrogenation was chosen as a water quality control method for such contaminants. Considering the safety, availability and activity of the hydrogen source, electrochemical in situ hydrogen generation was introduced. Under the combined action of Raney Ni (R-Ni) and nascent hydrogen (Nas-H2), three compounds (50 mg L-1, 90 ml), i.e., acrylamide, 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile achieved complete hydrogenation reduction in a short time. The improved system realized the quantitative consumption of hydrogen source and the efficient operation of hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. Additionally, the alkaline environment formed by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) avoided secondary pollution caused by catalyst dissolution. Atomic hydrogen (H·) produced from R-Ni and Nas-H2 was the active free radical of the reaction. The hydrogenation activities of different functional groups were obtained according to the following order: Ph-NO2 > -C = C- > Ph-C≡N > Ph-Br > Ph-Cl > Ph-F. This work indicates that the catalytic hydrogenation system consisting of R-Ni and Nas-H2 is a promising technology to reduce unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao Q, Zhou X, Xiao S, Chen J, Abdelhafeez IA, Yu Z, Chu H, Zhang Y. Amorphous nickel phosphide as a noble metal-free cathode for electrochemical dechlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114930. [PMID: 31426006 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel phosphide (Ni2P) is an emerging efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution and water splitting. Herein, we report that Ni2P is also a promising catalyst for enhancing electrochemical dechlorination of chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Amorphous Ni2P (ANP) mini-nanorod arrays were in-situ fabricated on nickel foam (NF) via a facile phosphidation process, and then used as a binder-free cathode for electrochemical dechlorination of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). Results showed that ANP exhibited superior performance on electrochemical dechlorination of TCAA than other metal cathodes (e.g., NF and Pd/C). Scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) technique indicated that atomic H* was generated from water reduction through ANP catalysis, and primarily contributed to TCAA dechlorination. Indeed, the superhydrophilic surface of ANP favored electrocatalyst/electrolyte contact, and its low impedance further afforded rapid electron transport from the electrode to water or protons for atomic H* generation. The kinetic modelling and mass balance evaluation revealed the transformation mechanism of TCAA dechlorination. This study is among the first to develop ANP as a binder-free cathode for electrochemical dechlorination, and have important implications for eliminating chlorinated DBPs in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoze Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Islam A Abdelhafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; UN Environment-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng Y, Cui M, Zhang Z, Shu S, Shi X, Brosnahan JT, Liu C, Zhang Y, Godbold P, Zhang X, Dong F, Jiang G, Zhang S. Bimetallic Composition-Promoted Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination Reaction on Silver–Palladium Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Peng
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Meiyang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Song Shu
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xuelin Shi
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - John T. Brosnahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Perrin Godbold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|