1
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Eriksson T, Gudla H, Manabe Y, Yoneda T, Friesen D, Zhang C, Inokuma Y, Brandell D, Mindemark J. Carbonyl-Containing Solid Polymer Electrolyte Host Materials: Conduction and Coordination in Polyketone, Polyester, and Polycarbonate Systems. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10940-10949. [PMID: 36590372 PMCID: PMC9798856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is now moving beyond the realm of polyethers that have dominated the field for several decades. A promising alternative group of candidates for SPE host materials is carbonyl-containing polymers. In this work, SPE properties of three different types of carbonyl-coordinating polymers are compared: polycarbonates, polyesters, and polyketones. The investigated polymers were chosen to be as structurally similar as possible, with only the functional group being different, thereby giving direct insights into the role of the noncoordinating main-chain oxygens. As revealed by experimental measurements as well as molecular dynamics simulations, the polyketone possesses the lowest glass transition temperature, but the ion transport is limited by a high degree of crystallinity. The polycarbonate, on the other hand, displays a relatively low coordination strength but is instead limited by its low molecular flexibility. The polyester performs generally as an intermediate between the other two, which is reasonable when considering its structural relation to the alternatives. This work demonstrates that local changes in the coordinating environment of carbonyl-containing polymers can have a large effect on the overall ion conduction, thereby also showing that desired transport properties can be achieved by fine-tuning the polymer chemistry of carbonyl-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Eriksson
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harish Gudla
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yumehiro Manabe
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-8628, Japan
| | - Daniel Friesen
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-8628, Japan
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden,E-mail:
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2
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Johansson I, Sångeland C, Uemiya T, Iwasaki F, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Brandell D, Mindemark J. Improving the Electrochemical Stability of a Polyester-Polycarbonate Solid Polymer Electrolyte by Zwitterionic Additives. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:10002-10012. [PMID: 36034759 PMCID: PMC9400021 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries with solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), Li-metal anodes, and high-voltage cathodes like LiNi x Mn y Co z O2 (NMC) are promising next-generation high-energy-density storage solutions. However, these types of cells typically experience rapid failure during galvanostatic cycling, visible as an incoherent voltage noise during charging. Herein, two imidazolium-based zwitterions, with varied sulfonate-bearing chain length, are added to a poly(ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate):LiTFSI electrolyte as cycling-enhancing additives to study their effect on the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte and the cycling performance of half-cells with NMC cathodes. The oxidative stability is studied with two different voltammetric methods using cells with inert working electrodes: the commonly used cyclic voltammetry and staircase voltammetry. The specific effects of the NMC cathode on the electrolyte stability is moreover investigated with cutoff increase cell cycling (CICC) to study the chemical and electrochemical compatibility between the active material and the SPE. Zwitterionic additives proved to enhance the electrochemical stability of the SPE and to facilitate improved galvanostatic cycling stability in half-cells with NMC by preventing the decomposition of LiTFSI at the polymer-cathode interface, as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell
L. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christofer Sångeland
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamao Uemiya
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Fumito Iwasaki
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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A high power density solid electrolyte based on polycaprolactone for high-performance all-solid-state flexible lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sångeland C, Hernández G, Brandell D, Younesi R, Hahlin M, Mindemark J. Dissecting the Solid Polymer Electrolyte-Electrode Interface in the Vicinity of Electrochemical Stability Limits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28716-28728. [PMID: 35708265 PMCID: PMC9247984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proper understanding of solid polymer electrolyte-electrode interfacial layer formation and its implications on cell performance is a vital step toward realizing practical solid-state lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, probing these solid-solid interfaces is extremely challenging as they are buried within the electrochemical system, thereby efficiently evading exposure to surface-sensitive spectroscopic methods. Still, the probing of interfacial degradation layers is essential to render an accurate picture of the behavior of these materials in the vicinity of their electrochemical stability limits and to complement the incomplete picture gained from electrochemical assessments. In this work, we address this issue in conjunction with presenting a thorough evaluation of the electrochemical stability window of the solid polymer electrolyte poly(ε-caprolactone):lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PCL:LiTFSI). According to staircase voltammetry, the electrochemical stability window of the polyester-based electrolyte was found to span from 1.5 to 4 V vs Li+/Li. Subsequent decomposition of PCL:LiTFSI outside of the stability window led to a buildup of carbonaceous, lithium oxide and salt-derived species at the electrode-electrolyte interface, identified using postmortem spectroscopic analysis. These species formed highly resistive interphase layers, acting as major bottlenecks in the SPE system. Resistance and thickness values of these layers at different potentials were then estimated based on the impedance response between a lithium iron phosphate reference electrode and carbon-coated working electrodes. Importantly, it is only through the combination of electrochemistry and photoelectron spectroscopy that the full extent of the electrochemical performance at the limits of electrochemical stability can be reliably and accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Sångeland
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guiomar Hernández
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Yang G, Ma R, Zhang S, Liu Z, Pei D, Jin H, Liu J, Du W. Microwave-assisted in situ ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified halloysite nanotubes loaded with stannous chloride. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1628-1637. [PMID: 35425179 PMCID: PMC8978901 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07469e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely applied for its excellent physicochemical properties, but it also has common problems with biopolymers. It is important to investigate energy-efficient polymerization crafts and composite catalytic systems in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) to prepare high-performance PCL matrix composites. In this study, a composite catalytic system of modified halloysite nanotubes loaded with stannous chloride (APTES-P-h-HNTs-SnCl2) was successfully synthesized via hydroxylation, calcination, silane coupling agent modification and physical loading. It was used to catalyze the microwave-assisted in situ ROP of ε-CL to synthesize PCL matrix nanocomposites with modified halloysite nanotubes (PCL-HNTs). The structure, morphology, polymerization, thermal properties and electrochemical performance of products were subsequently investigated. The results show that PCL-HNTs have been successfully synthesized with connected petal-like and porous structures. Compared with PCL, the film-forming and thermal properties of PCL-HNTs have been significantly improved. Moreover, PCL-HNTs have a potential application value in the field of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). For the composite catalyst, there existed synergetic catalytic effect between the hydroxyl groups and the metal center. All chain growth simultaneously proceeded between the layers or on the surface of HNTs, conducting the in situ ROP.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Rui Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Shifan Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ziying Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Dexuan Pei
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hongyun Jin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Wenjie Du
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
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6
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Eriksson T, Mace A, Mindemark J, Brandell D. The role of coordination strength in solid polymer electrolytes: compositional dependence of transference numbers in the poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(trimethylene carbonate) system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25550-25557. [PMID: 34781333 PMCID: PMC8612359 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both polyesters and polycarbonates have been proposed as alternatives to polyethers as host materials for future polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium-ion batteries. While being comparatively similar functional groups, the electron density on the coordinating carbonyl oxygen is different, thereby rendering different coordinating strength towards lithium ions. In this study, the transport properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) as well as random copolymers of systematically varied composition of the two have been investigated, in order to better elucidate the role of the coordination strength. The cationic transference number, a property well-connected with the complexing ability of the polymer, was shown to depend almost linearly on the ester content of the copolymer, increasing from 0.49 for the pure poly(ε-caprolactone) to 0.83 for pure poly(trimethylene carbonate). Contradictory to the transference number measurements that suggest a stronger lithium-to-ester coordination, DFT calculations showed that the carbonyl oxygen in the carbonate coordinates more strongly to the lithium ion than that of the ester. FT-IR measurements showed the coordination number to be higher in the polyester system, resulting in a higher total coordination strength and thereby resolving the paradox. This likely originates in properties that are specific of polymeric solvent systems, e.g. steric properties and chain dynamics, which influence the coordination chemistry. These results highlight the complexity in polymeric systems and their ion transport properties in comparison to low-molecular-weight analogues, and how polymer structure and steric effects together affect the coordination strength and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amber Mace
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Sångeland C, Tjessem T, Mindemark J, Brandell D. Overcoming the Obstacle of Polymer-Polymer Resistances in Double Layer Solid Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2809-2814. [PMID: 33710889 PMCID: PMC8006132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Double-layer solid polymer electrolytes (DLSPEs) comprising one layer that is stable toward lithium metal and one which is stable against a high-voltage cathode are commonly suggested as a promising strategy to achieve high-energy-density lithium batteries. Through in-depth EIS analysis, it is here concluded that the polymer-polymer interface is the primary contributor to electrolyte resistance in such DLSPEs consisting of polyether-, polyester-, or polycarbonate-bad SPEs. In comparison to the bulk ionic resistance, the polymer-polymer interface resistance is approximately 10-fold higher. Nevertheless, the interfacial resistance was successfully lowered by doubling the salt concentration from 25 to 50 wt % LiTFSI owing to improved miscibility at the interface of the two polymer layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Sångeland
- Department of Chemistry -
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751
21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Trine Tjessem
- Department of Chemistry -
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751
21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry -
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751
21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry -
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala
University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751
21 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Study on different proportions of ferromanganese as an efficient mercury removal adsorbent: Role of external magnetic field. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Park S, Jeong B, Lim DA, Lee CH, Ahn KH, Lee JH, Kim DW. Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte Synthesized Using a Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries with Enhanced Safety. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19553-19562. [PMID: 32251586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid electrolytes currently used in lithium-ion batteries have critical drawbacks such as high flammability, high reactivity toward electrode materials, and solvent leakage. To overcome these issues, most recent research has focused on synthesis and characterization of highly conductive gel-type polymer electrolytes containing large numbers of organic solvents in the polymer matrix. There are still many hurdles to overcome, however, before they can be applied to commercial-level lithium-ion batteries. Since a large amount of organic solvent is required to achieve high ionic conductivity, battery safety is not significantly enhanced. In our study, we synthesized highly conductive quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSEs) containing an ionically conductive oligomer (polycaprolactone triacrylate) and a small amount of organic solvent by employing click chemistry. In the QSE, polycaprolactone participates in dissociation of lithium salt and migration of lithium ions, resulting in high ionic conductivity. The Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cell that used this QSE exhibited good cycling performance and enhanced thermal stability, and durability; no organic solvent leakage was observed even under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyoung Ho Ahn
- Battery R&D, LG Chem, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Battery R&D, LG Chem, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu Z, Yang T, Chu X, Su H, Wang Z, Chen N, Gu B, Zhang H, Deng W, Zhang H, Yang W. Strong Lewis Acid-Base and Weak Hydrogen Bond Synergistically Enhancing Ionic Conductivity of Poly(ethylene oxide)@SiO 2 Electrolytes for a High Rate Capability Li-Metal Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10341-10349. [PMID: 32048824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) usually suffer from intrinsic low ionic conductivity and a solid-solid interface, badly inhibiting their widespread commercial application in all-solid-state Li-metal battery (ASSLMB) energy storage. Herein, a synergetic strategy using strong Lewis acid-base and weak hydrogen bonds was employed for self-assembly in situ construction of three-dimensional (3D) network-structured poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and SiO2 CPEs (PEO@SiO2). Ascribed to this synergistically rigid-flexible coupling dynamic strategy, a harmonious incorporation of monodispersed SiO2 nanoparticles into PEO could remarkably reduce crystallinity of PEO, significantly enhancing the ionic conductivity (∼1.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 30 °C) and dramatically facilitating solid electrolyte interface stabilization (electrochemical stability window > 4.8 V at 90 °C). Moreover, the PEO@SiO2-based ASSLMBs possess excellent rate capability over a wide temperature range (∼105 mA h g-1 under 2 C at 90 °C), high temperature cycling capacity (retaining 90 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 90 °C), and high specific capacity (146 mA h g-1 under 0.3 C at 90 °C). Unambiguously, these high ionic conductivity CPEs along with excellent flexibility and safety can be one of the most promising candidates for high-performance ASSLMBs, evidently revealing that this synergistically rigid-flexible coupling dynamic strategy will open up a way to exploit the novel high ionic conductivity solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Hai Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zixing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ningjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Bingni Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Hepeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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11
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Li C, Li Z, Wang P, Liu H, Zhao D, Wang S, Li S. Studies of air-exposure effects and remediation measures on lithium bis(oxalato)borate. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in properties for air-exposure lithium bis(oxalate)borate and reparability study by heating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
| | - Zhaojuan Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
| | - Haining Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lake
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xininig
- China
| | - Dongni Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
| | - ShengXian Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
| | - Shiyou Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Electrolyte Material for Lithium-ion Battery
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