1
|
Mintz Hemed N, Leal-Ortiz S, Zhao ET, Melosh NA. On-Demand, Reversible, Ultrasensitive Polymer Membrane Based on Molecular Imprinting Polymer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5632-5643. [PMID: 36913954 PMCID: PMC10062346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of in vivo, longitudinal, real-time monitoring devices is an essential step toward continuous, precision health monitoring. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are popular sensor capture agents that are more robust than antibodies and have been used for sensors, drug delivery, affinity separations, assays, and solid-phase extraction. However, MIP sensors are typically limited to one-time use due to their high binding affinity (>107 M-1) and slow-release kinetics (<10-4 μM/sec). To overcome this challenge, current research has focused on stimuli-responsive MIPs (SR-MIPs), which undergo a conformational change induced by external stimuli to reverse molecular binding, requiring additional chemicals or outside stimuli. Here, we demonstrate fully reversible MIP sensors based on electrostatic repulsion. Once the target analyte is bound within a thin film MIP on an electrode, a small electrical potential successfully releases the bound molecules, enabling repeated, accurate measurements. We demonstrate an electrostatically refreshed dopamine sensor with a 760 pM limit of detection, linear response profile, and accuracy even after 30 sensing-release cycles. These sensors could repeatedly detect <1 nM dopamine released from PC-12 cells in vitro, demonstrating they can longitudinally measure low concentrations in complex biological environments without clogging. Our work provides a simple and effective strategy for enhancing the use of MIPs-based biosensors for all charged molecules in continuous, real-time health monitoring and other sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Mintz Hemed
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sergio Leal-Ortiz
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Eric T. Zhao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Melosh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheah E, Bansal M, Nguyen L, Chalard A, Malmström J, O'Carroll SJ, Connor B, Wu Z, Svirskis D. Electrically responsive release of proteins from conducting polymer hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:87-100. [PMID: 36640949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrically modulated delivery of proteins provides an avenue to target local tissues specifically and tune the dose to the application. This approach prolongs and enhances activity at the target site whilst reducing off-target effects associated with systemic drug delivery. The work presented here explores an electrically active composite material comprising of a biocompatible hydrogel, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), generating a conducting polymer hydrogel. In this paper, the key characteristics of electroactivity, mechanical properties, and morphology are characterized using electrochemistry techniques, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Cytocompatibility is established through exposure of human cells to the materials. By applying different electrical-stimuli, the short-term release profiles of a model protein can be controlled over 4 h, demonstrating tunable delivery patterns. This is followed by extended-release studies over 21 days which reveal a bimodal delivery mechanism influenced by both GelMA degradation and electrical stimulation events. This data demonstrates an electroactive and cytocompatible material suitable for the delivery of protein payloads over 3 weeks. This material is well suited for use as a treatment delivery platform in tissue engineering applications where targeted and spatio-temporal controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins is required. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Growth factor use in tissue engineering typically requires sustained and tunable delivery to generate optimal outcomes. While conducting polymer hydrogels (CPH) have been explored for the electrically responsive release of small bioactives, we report on a CPH capable of releasing a protein payload in response to electrical stimulus. The composite material combines the benefits of soft hydrogels acting as a drug reservoir and redox-active properties from the conducting polymer enabling electrical responsiveness. The CPH is able to sustain protein delivery over 3 weeks, with electrical stimulus used to modulate release. The described material is well suited as a treatment delivery platform to deliver large quantities of proteins in applications where spatio-temporal delivery patterns are paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cheah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mahima Bansal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anaïs Chalard
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manasa CS, Silva SM, Caballero-Aguilar LM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Active and passive drug release by self-assembled lubricin (PRG4) anti-fouling coatings. J Control Release 2022; 352:35-46. [PMID: 36228955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been investigated as materials for use in a range of biomedical applications, ranging from cell culture, electrical stimulation of cultured cells as well as controlled delivery of growth factors and drugs. Despite their excellent drug delivery ability, EAPs are susceptible to biofouling thus they often require surface functionalisation with antifouling coatings to limit unwanted non-specific protein adsorption. Here we demonstrate the surface modification of para toluene sulfonate (pTS) doped polypyrrole with the glycoprotein lubricin (LUB) to produce a self-assembled coating that both prevents surface biofouling while also serving as a high-capacity reservoir for cationic drugs which can then be released passively via diffusion or actively via an applied electrical potential. We carried out our investigation in two parts where we initially assessed the antifouling and cationic drug delivery ability of LUB tethered on a gold surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM) to monitor molecular interactions occurring on a gold sensor surface. After confirming the ability of tethered LUB nano brush layers on a gold surface, we introduced an electrochemically grown EAP layer to act as the immobilisation surface for LUB before subsequently introducing the cationic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The release of cationic drug was then investigated under passive and electrochemically stimulated conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was then carried out to quantify the amount of DOX released. It was shown that the amount of DOX released from nano brush layers of LUB tethered on gold and EAP surfaces could be increased by up to 30% per minute by applying a positive electrochemically stimulating pulse at 0.8 V for one minute. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA), we show that DOX loaded LUB tethered on para toluene sulfonic acid (pTS) doped polypyrrole retained antifouling ability of up to 75% when compared to unloaded tethered LUB. This work demonstrates the unique, novel ability of tethered LUB to actively participate in the delivery of cationic therapeutics on different substrate surfaces. This study could lead to the development of versatile multifunctional biomaterials for use in wide range of biomedical applications, such as dual drug delivery and lubricating coatings, dual drug delivery and antifouling coatings, cellular recording and stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Manasa
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Simon E Moulton
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Czerwińska-Główka D, Skonieczna M, Barylski A, Golba S, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Krukiewicz K. Bifunctional conducting polymer matrices with antibacterial and neuroprotective effects. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 144:108030. [PMID: 34896782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the field of neural tissue engineering include the design of advanced biomaterials combining excellent electrochemical performance with versatile biological characteristics. The purpose of this work was to develop an antibacterial and neuroprotective coating based on a conducting polymer - poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP), loaded with an antibiotic agent - tetracycline (Tc). Employing an electrochemical technique to immobilize Tc within a growing polymer matrix allowed to fabricate robust PEDOP/Tc coatings with a high charge storage capacity (63.65 ± 6.05 mC/cm2), drug release efficiency (629.4 µg/cm2 ± 62.7 µg/cm2), and low charge transfer resistance (2.4 ± 0.1 kΩ), able to deliver a stable electrical signal. PEDOP/Tc were found to exhibit strong antimicrobial effects against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, expressed through negligible adhesion, reduction in viability, and a characteristic elongation of bacterial cells. Cytocompatibility and neuroprotective effects were evaluated using a rat neuroblastoma B35 cell line, and were analyzed using MTT, cell cycle, and Annexin-V apoptosis assays. The presence of Tc was found to enhance neural cell viability and neurite outgrowth. The results confirmed that PEDOP/Tc can serve as an efficient neural electrode coating able to enhance charge transfer, as well as to exhibit bifunctional biological characteristics, different for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adrian Barylski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S.Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Lin W, Zhang S. Magnesium Promotes the Regeneration of the Peripheral Nerve. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717854. [PMID: 34458271 PMCID: PMC8385315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication in trauma, and regeneration and function recovery are clinical challenges. It is indispensable to find a suitable material to promote peripheral nerve regeneration due to the limited capacity of peripheral nerve regeneration, which is not an easy task to design a material with good biocompatibility, appropriate degradability. Magnesium has captured increasing attention during the past years as suitable materials. However, there are little types of research on magnesium promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. In this review, we conclude the possible mechanism of magnesium ion promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and the properties and application of different kinds of magnesium-based biomaterials, such as magnesium filaments, magnesium alloys, and others, in which we found some shortcomings and challenges. So, magnesium can promote peripheral nerve regeneration with both challenge and potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cucchi M, Gruener C, Petrauskas L, Steiner P, Tseng H, Fischer A, Penkovsky B, Matthus C, Birkholz P, Kleemann H, Leo K. Reservoir computing with biocompatible organic electrochemical networks for brain-inspired biosignal classification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabh0693. [PMID: 34407948 PMCID: PMC8373129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of malign patterns in patients' biological signals can save millions of lives. Despite the steady improvement of artificial intelligence-based techniques, the practical clinical application of these methods is mostly constrained to an offline evaluation of the patients' data. Previous studies have identified organic electrochemical devices as ideal candidates for biosignal monitoring. However, their use for pattern recognition in real time was never demonstrated. Here, we produce and characterize brain-inspired networks composed of organic electrochemical transistors and use them for time-series predictions and classification tasks using the reservoir computing approach. To show their potential use for biofluid monitoring and biosignal analysis, we classify four classes of arrhythmic heartbeats with an accuracy of 88%. The results of this study introduce a previously unexplored paradigm for biocompatible computational platforms and may enable development of ultralow-power consumption hardware-based artificial neural networks capable of interacting with body fluids and biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cucchi
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christopher Gruener
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lautaro Petrauskas
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Chair for Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Steiner
- Institute for Acoustics and Speech Communication (IAS), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hsin Tseng
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bogdan Penkovsky
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Skovorody Str. 2, 04655 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Alysophil SAS, Bio Parc, 850 Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP 30170 F, 67405, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Christian Matthus
- Chair for Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Birkholz
- Institute for Acoustics and Speech Communication (IAS), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Tian G, Duan X, Chen HL, Kim Richie DH. Nanostructured PEDOT Coatings for Electrode-Neuron Integration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5556-5565. [PMID: 35006733 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural electrodes have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, sensory deficits, and neurological disorders based on the electrical stimulation of nerve tissue and recording of neural electrical activity. A low interface impedance and large active surface area for charge transfer and intimate contact between neurons and the electrode are critical to obtain high-quality neural signal and effective stimulation without causing damage to both tissue and electrode. In this study, a nanostructured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating with lots of long protrusions was created via a one-step electrochemical polymerization from a dichloromethane solution without any rigid or soft templates. The nanostructures on the PEDOT coating were basically formed by intertwined PEDOT nanofibers, which further enhanced the active surface area. The fuzzy PEDOT-modified microelectrodes exhibited an impedance as low as 1 kΩ at 1 kHz, which is much lower than those produced from aqueous 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) solution, and it was comparable with PEDOT films or composites created from/with template materials. Also, more than 150 times larger charge storage capacity density was obtained compared to the unmodified microelectrode. An in vitro biocompatibility test performed on PC12 cells and primary cells suggested that the PEDOT coatings support cell adhesion, growth, and neurite extension. These results suggest the great potential of the nanostructured PEDOT coating as an electroactive and biosafe intimate contact between the implanted neural electrode and neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Duan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lan Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim Richie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Skorupa M, Więcławska D, Czerwińska-Główka D, Skonieczna M, Krukiewicz K. Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1948. [PMID: 34208221 PMCID: PMC8230730 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aspiration to interact living cells with electronics challenges researchers to develop materials working at the interface of these two distinct environments. A successful interfacing coating should exhibit both biocompatibility and desired functionality of a bio-integrated device. Taking into account biodiversity, the tissue interface should be fine-tuned to the specific requirements of the bioelectronic systems. In this study, we pointed to electrochemical doping of conducting polymers as a strategy enabling the efficient manufacturing of interfacing platforms, in which features could be easily adjusted. Consequently, we fabricated conducting films based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix, with properties modulated through doping with selected ions: PSS- (poly(styrene sulfonate)), ClO4- (perchlorate), and PF6- (hexafluorophosphate). Striving to extend the knowledge on the relationships governing the dopant effect on PEDOT films, the samples were characterized in terms of their chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties. To investigate the impact of the materials on attachment and growth of cells, rat neuroblastoma B35 cells were cultured on their surface and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and biological assays. Eventually, it was shown that through the choice of a dopant and doping conditions, PEDOT-based materials can be efficiently tuned with diversified physicochemical properties. Therefore, our results proved electrochemical doping of PEDOT as a valuable strategy facilitating the development of promising tissue interfacing materials with characteristics tailored as required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Skorupa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.W.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Daria Więcławska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.W.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.W.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.W.); (D.C.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Czerwińska-Główka D, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Łapkowski M, Krukiewicz K. Electrically-responsive antimicrobial coatings based on a tetracycline-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112017. [PMID: 33812635 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth of bacteria and the formation of complex bacterial structures on biomedical devices is a major challenge in modern medicine. The aim of this study was to develop a biocompatible, conducting and antibacterial polymer coating applicable in biomedical engineering. Since conjugated polymers have recently aroused strong interest as controlled delivery systems for biologically active compounds, we decided to employ a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix to immobilize a powerful, first-line antibiotic: tetracycline (Tc). Drug immobilization was carried out simultaneously with the electrochemical polymerization process, allowing to obtain a polymer coating with good electrochemical behaviour (charge storage capacity of 19.15 ± 6.09 mC/cm2) and high drug loading capacity (194.7 ± 56.2 μg/cm2). Biological activity of PEDOT/Tc matrix was compared with PEDOT matrix and a bare Pt surface against a model Gram-negative bacteria strain of Escherichia coli with the use of LIVE/DEAD assay and SEM microscopy. Finally, PEDOT/Tc was shown to serve as a robust electroactive coating exhibiting antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krukiewicz K, Kowalik A, Turczyn R, Biggs MJP. In vitro attenuation of astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation through ibuprofen-doping of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) formulations. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107528. [PMID: 32294615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often associated with poor functional recovery and may contribute to or initiate the development of severe neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. Ibuprofen (IBU), being one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is known to possess neuroprotective activity and serve as a promising therapeutic for the treatment of neuroinflammation. In this study, the potential of an IBU-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP) matrix has been assessed as a neural interface material with an aim to control astrocyte activation and suppress neuroinflammation in vitro. Three types of drug immobilization protocols were investigated, leading to the fabrication of IBU-loaded PEDOP matrices exhibiting a broad spectrum of electrical characteristics, drug release profiles, as well as biological responses. Among all investigated PEDOP formulations, PEDOP matrices formed through a three-step immobilization protocol exhibited the highest charge storage capacity (30 ± 1 mC/cm2) as well as a double layer capacitance of 645.0 ± 51.1 µF, associated with a relatively enlarged surface area. Demonstrating a total drug loading capacity of 150 µg/ml and a release rate constant of 0.15 1/h, this coating formulation may be employed as a safe electrical conducting drug eluting system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kowalik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Manus J P Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kelly A, Farid N, Krukiewicz K, Belisle N, Groarke J, Waters EM, Trotier A, Laffir F, Kilcoyne M, O'Connor GM, Biggs MJ. Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte Function. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1449-1461. [PMID: 33455378 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMIs have seen major advances in recent years, but these advances have been impeded because of a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely, reactive gliosis, which involves a complex series of immune mediators, resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17) was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA, and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment, and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriona Kelly
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nazar Farid
- National Centre for Laser Applications, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Nicole Belisle
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - John Groarke
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elaine M Waters
- Glycosciences School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Trotier
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fathima Laffir
- Bernal Institute, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycosciences School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gerard M O'Connor
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.,National Centre for Laser Applications, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Manus J Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krukiewicz K, Kobus D, Turczyn R, Erfurt K, Chrobok A, Biggs MJ. Low resistance, highly corrugated structures based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with a d-glucopyranoside-derived ionic liquid. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
14
|
Krukiewicz K, Fernandez J, Skorupa M, Więcławska D, Poudel A, Sarasua JR, Quinlan LR, Biggs MJP. Analysis of a poly(ε-decalactone)/silver nanowire composite as an electrically conducting neural interface biomaterial. BMC Biomed Eng 2019; 1:9. [PMID: 32903306 PMCID: PMC7422568 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-019-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancement in polymer technologies, facilitated predominantly through chemical engineering approaches or through the identification and utilization of novel renewable resources, has been a steady focus of biomaterials research for the past 50 years. Aliphatic polyesters have been exploited in numerous biomedical applications including the formulation of soft-tissue sutures, bone fixation devices, cardiovascular stents etc. Biomimetic ‘soft’ polymer formulations are of interest in the design of biological interfaces and specifically, in the development of implantable neuroelectrode systems intended to interface with neural tissues. Critically, soft polymer formulations have been shown to address the challenges associated with the disregulation of mechanotransductive processes and micro-motion induced inflammation at the electrode/tissue interface. In this study, a polyester-based poly(ε-decalactone)/silver nanowire (EDL:Ag) composite was investigated as a novel electrically active biomaterial with neural applications. Neural interfaces were formulated through spin coating of a polymer/nanowire formulation onto the surface of a Pt electrode to form a biocompatible EDL matrix supported by a percolated network of silver nanowires. As-formed EDL:Ag composites were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods, with their cytocompatibility assessed using primary cultures of a mixed neural population obtained from the ventral mesencephalon of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. Results Electrochemical characterization of various EDL:Ag composites indicated EDL:Ag 10:1 as the most favourable formulation, exhibiting high charge storage capacity (8.7 ± 1.0 mC/cm2), charge injection capacity (84.3 ± 1.4 μC/cm2) and low impedance at 1 kHz (194 ± 28 Ω), outperforming both pristine EDL and bare Pt electrodes. The in vitro biological evaluation showed that EDL:Ag supported significant neuron viability in culture and to promote neurite outgrowth, which had the average length of 2300 ± 6 μm following 14 days in culture, 60% longer than pristine EDL and 120% longer than bare Pt control substrates. Conclusions EDL:Ag nanocomposites are shown to serve as robust neural interface materials, possessing favourable electrochemical characteristics together with high neural cytocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Galway Biosciences Research Building, 118 Corrib Village, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jorge Fernandez
- Polimerbio, S.L, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Małgorzata Skorupa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Daria Więcławska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anup Poudel
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Galway Biosciences Research Building, 118 Corrib Village, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Engineering, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leo R Quinlan
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Manus J P Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Galway Biosciences Research Building, 118 Corrib Village, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|