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Lou Q, Xu X, Lv X, Xu Z, Sun T, Qiu L, Dai T, Zhou E, Li G, Chen T, Lin Y, Zhou H. Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Capping Layer for High Efficiency FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Long-Term Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400117. [PMID: 38477430 PMCID: PMC11109663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid salts (ILs) are generally recognized as additives in perovskite precursor solutions to enhance the efficiency and stability of solar cells. However, the success of ILs incorporation as additives is highly dependent on the precursor formulation and perovskite crystallization process, posing challenges for industrial-scale implementation. In this study, a room-temperature spin-coated IL, n-butylamine acetate (BAAc), is identified as an ideal passivation agent for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Compared with other passivation methods, the room-temperature BAAc capping layer (BAAc RT) demonstrates more uniform and thorough passivation of surface defects in the FAPbI3 perovskite. Additionally, it provides better energy level alignment for hole extraction. As a result, the champion n-i-p perovskite solar cell with a BAAc capping layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.76%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.19 V, and a Voc loss of ≈330 mV. The PCE of the perovskite mini-module with BAAc RT reaches 20.47%, showcasing the effectiveness and viability of this method for manufacturing large-area perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the BAAc passivation layer also improves the long-term stability of unencapsulated FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells, enabling a T80 lifetime of 3500 h when stored at 35% relative humidity at room temperature in an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lou
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Xueqing Lv
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhengjie Xu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Tian Sun
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Liwen Qiu
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Tingting Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Guijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Yen‐Hung Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongSAR999077P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
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Tzoganakis N, Tsikritzis D, Chatzimanolis K, Zhuang X, Kymakis E. A Low-Cost and Lithium-Free Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Normal Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 36903761 PMCID: PMC10005682 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used material as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for effective normal perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), which requires heavy doping with the hydroscopic Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-ΤFSI). However, the long-term stability and performance of PCSs are frequently hampered by the residual insoluble dopants in the HTL, Li+ diffusion throughout the device, dopant by-products, and the hygroscopic nature of Li-TFSI. Due to the high cost of Spiro-OMeTAD, alternative efficient low-cost HTLs, such as octakis(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene]-2,2',7,7'-tetraamine) (X60), have attracted attention. However, they require doping with Li-TFSI, and the devices develop the same Li-TFSI-derived problems. Here, we propose Li-free 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI) as an efficient p-type dopant of X60, resulting in a high-quality HTL with enhanced conductivity and deeper energy levels The optimized X60:EMIM-TFSI-enabled devices exhibit a higher efficiency of 21.85% and improved stability, compared to the Li-TFSI-doped X60 devices. The stability of the optimized EMIM-TFSI-doped PSCs is greatly improved, and after 1200 hr of storage under ambient conditions, the resulting PSCs maintain 85% of the initial PCE. These findings offer a fresh method for doping the cost effective X60 as the HTL with a Li-free alternative dopant for efficient, cheaper, and reliable planar PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzoganakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsikritzis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chatzimanolis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shangai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Gaining, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Smółka S, Mączka M, Drozdowski D, Stefańska D, Gągor A, Sieradzki A, Zaręba JK, Ptak M. Effect of Dimensionality on Photoluminescence and Dielectric Properties of Imidazolium Lead Bromides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15225-15238. [PMID: 36102245 PMCID: PMC9516686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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Hybrid organic–inorganic
lead halide perovskites have emerged
as promising materials for various applications, including solar cells,
light-emitting devices, dielectrics, and optical switches. In this
work, we report the synthesis, crystal structures, and linear and
nonlinear optical as well as dielectric properties of three imidazolium
lead bromides, IMPbBr3, IM2PbBr4,
and IM3PbBr5 (IM+ = imidazolium).
We show that these compounds exhibit three distinct structure types.
IMPbBr3 crystallizes in the 4H-hexagonal perovskite structure
with face- and corner-shared PbBr6 octahedra (space group P63/mmc at 295 K), IM2PbBr4 adopts a one-dimensional (1D) double-chain structure
with edge-shared octahedra (space group P1̅
at 295 K), while IM3PbBr5 crystallizes in the
1D single-chain structure with corner-shared PbBr6 octahedra
(space group P1̅ at 295 K). All compounds exhibit
two structural phase transitions, and the lowest temperature phases
of IMPbBr3 and IM3PbBr5 are noncentrosymmetric
(space groups Pna21 at 190 K and P1 at 100 K, respectively), as confirmed by measurements
of second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity. X-ray diffraction and
thermal and Raman studies demonstrate that the phase transitions feature
an order–disorder mechanism. The only exception is the isostructural P1̅ to P1̅ phase transition
at 141 K in IM2PbBr4, which is of a displacive
type. Dielectric studies reveal that IMPbBr3 is a switchable
dielectric material, whereas IM3PbBr5 is an
improper ferroelectric. All compounds exhibit broadband, highly shifted
Stokes emissions. Features of these emissions, i.e., band gap and excitonic absorption, are discussed in relation to
the different structures of each composition. Three imidazolium lead bromides of various
chemical compositions
and crystal structures display broadband photoluminescence that can
be tuned from bluish-green to orange. All compounds exhibit two structural
phase transitions, which lead to interesting optical and electrical
properties such SHG activity, ferroelectricity, or dielectric switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Smółka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Mączka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dawid Drozdowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stefańska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gągor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan K. Zaręba
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422Wrocław, Poland
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Cole J, Syres KL. Ionic liquids on oxide surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:213002. [PMID: 35234666 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) supported on oxide surfaces are being investigated for numerous applications including catalysis, batteries, capacitors, transistors, lubricants, solar cells, corrosion inhibitors, nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications. The study of ILs with oxide surfaces presents challenges both experimentally and computationally. The interaction between ILs and oxide surfaces can be rather complex, with defects in the oxide surface playing a key role in the adsorption behaviour and resulting electronic properties. The choice of the cation/anion pair is also important and can influence molecular ordering and electronic properties at the interface. These controllable interfacial behaviours make ionic liquid/oxide systems desirable for a number of different technological applications as well as being utilised for nanoparticle synthesis. This topical review aims to bring together recent experimental and theoretical work on the interaction of ILs with oxide surfaces, including TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SnO2and transition metal oxides. It focusses on the behaviour of ILs at model single crystal surfaces, the interaction between ILs and nanoparticulate oxides, and their performance in prototype devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Cole
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Syres
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Jin L, Su C, Wang Y, Dong L. The recent process and future of perovskite solar cells materials. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mazumdar S, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Remedies. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic–organic metal halide perovskite light harvester-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have come to the limelight of solar cell research due to their rapid growth in efficiency. At present, stability and reliability are challenging aspects concerning the Si-based or thin film-based commercial devices. Commercialization of perovskite solar cells remains elusive due to the lack of stability of these devices under real operational conditions, especially for longer duration use. A large number of researchers have been engaged in an ardent effort to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the degradation mechanisms has been the primary importance before exploring the remedies for degradation. In this review, a methodical understanding of various degradation mechanisms of perovskites and perovskite solar cells is presented followed by a discussion on different steps taken to overcome the stability issues. Recent insights on degradation mechanisms are discussed. Various approaches of stability enhancement are reviewed with an emphasis on reports that complied with the operational standard for practical application in a commercial solar module. The operational stability standard enacted by the International Electrotechnical Commission is especially discussed with reports that met the requirements or showed excellent results, which is the most important criterion to evaluate a device’s actual prospect to be utilized for practical applications in commercial solar modules. An overall understanding of degradation pathways in perovskites and perovskite solar cells and steps taken to overcome those with references including state-of-the-art devices with promising operational stability can be gained from this review.
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Haris MPU, Kazim S, Pegu M, Deepa M, Ahmad S. Substance and shadow of formamidinium lead triiodide based solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9049-9060. [PMID: 33885112 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current decade has witnessed a surge of progress in the investigation of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites for solar cell fabrication due to their intriguing electro-optical properties, despite the intrinsic degradation of the material that has restricted its commercialisation. As a promising alternative, solar cells based on its formamidinium analogue, FAPbI3, are currently being actively pursued for having demonstrated a certified efficiency of 24.4%, while the room-temperature conversion to a non-perovskite δ-phase impedes its further commercialisation, and strategies have been adopted to overcome this phase instability. An in-depth and real-time understanding of microstructural relationships with optoelectronic properties and their underlying mechanisms using operando in situ spectroscopic techniques is paramount. Thus, the design and development of a new process, data driven methodology, characterization and evaluation protocols for perovskite absorber layers and the fabricated devices is a judicious research direction. Here, in this perspective, we shed light on the compositional, surface engineering and crystallization kinetics manipulations for FAPbI3, followed by a proposition for unified testing protocols, for scalling of devices from the lab to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed P U Haris
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Deng X, Cao Z, Yuan Y, Oliver Lam Chee M, Xie L, Wang A, Xiang Y, Li T, Dong P, Ding L, Hao F. Coordination modulated crystallization and defect passivation in high quality perovskite film for efficient solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Han G. Intrinsic and environmental stability issues of perovskite photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1083/ab70d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Huang L, Zhang D, Bu S, Peng R, Wei Q, Ge Z. Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple-Structured Perovskite Solar Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902656. [PMID: 32195090 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) with cost-effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier-free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL-free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Danli Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Shixiao Bu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite films fabricated via a two-stage electric-field-assisted reactive deposition method for solar cells application. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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