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Ling X, Guo J, Shen C, Li Y, Tian H, Yuan X, Gui L, Zhang X, Li B, Chen S, Li R, Yuan J, Ma W, Deng Y. High-Throughput Deposition of Recyclable SnO 2 Electrodes toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2024; 20:e2308579. [PMID: 38048537 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical bath deposited (CBD) SnO2 is one of the most prevailing electron transport layers for realizing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) so far. However, the state-of-the-art CBD SnO2 process is time-consuming, contradictory to its prospect in industrialization. Herein, a simplified yet efficient method is developed for the fast deposition of SnO2 electrodes by incorporating a concentrated Sn source stabilized by the ethanol ligand with antimony (Sb) doping. The higher concentration of Sn source promotes the deposition rate, and Sb doping improves the hole-blocking capability of the CBD SnO2 layer so that its target thickness can be reduced to further save the deposition time. As a result, the deposition time can be appreciably reduced from 3-4 h to only 5 min while maintaining 95% of the maximum efficiency, indicating the power of the method toward high-throughput production of efficient PSCs. Additionally, the CBD SnO2 substrates are recyclable after removing the upper layers of complete PSCs, and the refurbished PSCs can maintain ≈98% of their initial efficiency after three recycling-and-fabrication processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Ling
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chengxia Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hongxing Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiangbao Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shijian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213332, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yehao Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213332, China
- Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Ahmadpour M, Ahmad M, Prete M, Hansen JL, Miakota DI, Greenbank W, Zheng YJ, Top M, Ebel T, Rubahn HG, Turkovic V, Canulescu S, Witkowski N, Madsen M. Tuning Surface Defect States in Sputtered Titanium Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Enhanced Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16580-16588. [PMID: 38529895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have dramatically improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV) in recent years; however, their device stability currently remains a bottleneck for further technological progress. Photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules at metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL) interfaces has in several recent reports been demonstrated as one of the main degradation mechanisms for these high-performing OPV devices. While some routes for mitigating such degradation effects have been proposed, e.g., through a second layer integrated on the ETL surface, no clear strategy that complies with device scale-up and application requirements has been presented to date. In this work, it is demonstrated that the development of sputtered titanium oxide layers as ETLs in nonfullerene acceptor based OPV can lead to significantly enhanced device lifetimes. This is achieved by tuning the concentration of defect states at the oxide surface, via the reactive sputtering process, to mitigate the photocatalytic decomposition of NFA molecules at the metal oxide interlayers. Reduced defect state formation at the oxide surface is confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, while the reduced photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules is confirmed via optical spectroscopy investigations. The PBDB-T:ITIC organic solar cells show power conversion efficiencies of around 10% and significantly enhanced photostability. This is achieved through a reactive sputtering process that is fully scalable and industry compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Ahmadpour
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Michela Prete
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - John Lundsgaard Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Denys I Miakota
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - William Greenbank
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Yunlin Jacques Zheng
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Michiel Top
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Winterbergstrasse 28, Dresden 01277, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebel
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- University of Southern Denmark, SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Stela Canulescu
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Nadine Witkowski
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Morten Madsen
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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Dimopoulos T, Wibowo RA, Edinger S, Wolf M, Fix T. Heterojunction Devices Fabricated from Sprayed n-Type Ga 2O 3, Combined with Sputtered p-Type NiO and Cu 2O. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38334571 PMCID: PMC10856998 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on the properties of heterojunctions consisting of n-type Ga2O3 layers, deposited using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at high temperature from water-based solution, combined with p-type NiO and Cu2O counterparts, deposited by radio frequency and reactive, direct-current magnetron sputtering, respectively. After a comprehensive investigation of the properties of the single layers, the fabricated junctions on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass showed high rectification, with an open circuit voltage of 940 mV for Ga2O3/Cu2O and 220 mV for Ga2O3/NiO under simulated solar illumination. This demonstrates in praxis the favorable band alignment between the sprayed Ga2O3 and Cu2O, with small conduction band offset, and the large offsets anticipated for both energy bands in the case of Ga2O3/NiO. Large differences in the ideality factors between the two types of heterojunctions were observed, suggestive of distinctive properties of the heterointerface. Further, it is shown that the interface between the high-temperature-deposited Ga2O3 and the ITO contact does not impede electron transport, opening new possibilities for the design of solar cell and optoelectronic device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Dimopoulos
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Rachmat Adhi Wibowo
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefan Edinger
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Maximilian Wolf
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Thomas Fix
- ICube Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 23 Rue Du Loess, BP 20 CR, F-67037 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France;
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Hoang Huy VP, Bark CW. Polymer-Doped SnO 2 as an Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:199. [PMID: 38256998 PMCID: PMC10819156 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To produce highly efficient and repeatable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), comprehending interfacial loss and developing approaches to ameliorate interfacial features is essential. Nonradiative recombination at the SnO2-perovskite interface in SnO2-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) leads to significant potential loss and variability in device performance. To improve the quality of the SnO2 electron transport layer, a novel polymer-doped SnO2 matrix, specifically using polyacrylic acid, was developed. This matrix is formed by spin-coating a SnO2 colloidal solution that includes polymers. The polymer aids in dispersing nanoparticles within the substrate and is evenly distributed in the SnO2 solution. As a result of the polymer addition, the density and wetting properties of the SnO2 layer substantially improved. Subsequently, perovskite-based photovoltaic devices comprising SnO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD layers and using (FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03 perovskite are constructed. These optimized devices exhibited an increased efficiency of 17.2% when compared to the 15.7% power conversion efficiency of the control device. The incorporation of polymers in the electron transport layer potentially enables even better performance in planar perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chung-Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
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Sun H, Xiao K, Gao H, Duan C, Zhao S, Wen J, Wang Y, Lin R, Zheng X, Luo H, Liu C, Wu P, Kong W, Liu Z, Li L, Tan H. Scalable Solution-Processed Hybrid Electron Transport Layers for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Modules. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308706. [PMID: 37983869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells offer the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit efficiency of single-junction solar cells while maintaining the advantages of low-cost and high-productivity solution processing. However, scalable solution processing of electron transport layer (ETL) in p-i-n structured perovskite solar subcells remains challenging due to the rough perovskite film surface and energy level mismatch between ETL and perovskites. Here, scalable solution processing of hybrid fullerenes (HF) with blade-coating on both wide-bandgap (≈1.80 eV) and narrow-bandgap (≈1.25 eV) perovskite films in all-perovskite tandem solar modules is developed. The HF, comprising a mixture of fullerene (C60 ), phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, and indene-C60 bisadduct, exhibits improved conductivity, superior energy level alignment with both wide- and narrow-bandgap perovskites, and reduced interfacial nonradiative recombination when compared to the conventional thermal-evaporated C60 . With scalable solution-processed HF as the ETLs, the all-perovskite tandem solar modules achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.3% (aperture area = 20.25 cm2 ). This study paves the way to all-solution processing of low-cost and high-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar modules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuntian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenshuaiyu Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pu Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenchi Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ludong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Niyitanga T, Chaudhary A, Ahmad K, Kim H. Titanium Carbide (Ti 3C 2T x) MXene as Efficient Electron/Hole Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells and Electrode Material for Electrochemical Biosensors/Non-Biosensors Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1907. [PMID: 37893344 PMCID: PMC10609296 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) MXenes materials have received enormous attention because of their excellent physiochemical properties such as high carrier mobility, metallic electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, transparency, and tunable work function. MXenes play a significant role as additives, charge transfer layers, and conductive electrodes for optoelectronic applications. Particularly, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene demonstrates excellent optoelectronic features, tunable work function, good electron affinity, and high conductivity. The Ti3C2Tx has been widely used as electron transport (ETL) or hole transport layers (HTL) in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, Ti3C2Tx has excellent electrochemical properties and has been widely explored as sensing material for the development of electrochemical biosensors. In this review article, we have summarized the recent advances in the development of the PSCs using Ti3C2Tx MXene as ETL and HTL. We have also compiled the recent progress in the fabrication of biosensors using Ti3C2Tx-based electrode materials. We believed that the present mini review article would be useful to provide a deep understanding, and comprehensive insight into the research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophile Niyitanga
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Medi-Caps University, Indore 453331, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Ahmad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Haekyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Hoang Huy VP, Nguyen TMH, Bark CW. Recent Advances of Doped SnO 2 as Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6170. [PMID: 37763449 PMCID: PMC10532999 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered considerable attention over the past decade owing to their low cost and proven high power conversion efficiency of over 25%. In the planar heterojunction PSC structure, tin oxide was utilized as a substitute material for the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) owing to its similar physical properties and high mobility, which is suitable for electron mining. Nevertheless, the defects and morphology significantly changed the performance of SnO2 according to the different deposition techniques, resulting in the poor performance of PSCs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight into the factors that specifically influence the ETL in PSC. The properties of the SnO2 materials are briefly introduced. In particular, the general operating principles, as well as the suitability level of doping in SnO2, are elucidated along with the details of the obtained results. Subsequently, the potential for doping is evaluated from the obtained results to achieve better results in PSCs. This review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the effects of different types of doping on the performance of ETL SnO2 and potentially instigate further development of PSCs with an extension to SnO2-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (V.P.H.H.); (T.M.H.N.)
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Sun W, Fu Y, Cui L, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhou B, Guo C, Liu C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Reexamining the Role of Solution-Cast Ferroelectric Polymer Interlayer toward Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Conventional Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41647-41655. [PMID: 37621155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial modification is crucial for achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution-cast poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) interlayer was applied to enhance the efficiency and stability of a range of OSCs, and the underlying mechanism was revealed via morphological and device physics studies. DMF rinse during the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer casting process strengthens π-π stacking of the active layer with fibril aggregation, optimized phase separation, and vertical component distribution, while the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer with rich diploes contributes to increased surface potential and internal electric field. The synergistic effect of the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer and DMF rinse increases the PCEs of PM6:IT-4F, PM6:C5-16, and PM6:L8-BO OSCs from 12.7, 17.9, and 18.2% to 13.1, 18.7, and 18.8%, respectively. Additionally, OSCs containing the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer also showed improved storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lianmeng Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhao W, Guo P, Liu C, Jia N, Fang Z, Ye L, Ye Q, Xu Y, Glotov AP, Novikov AA, Vinokurov VA, Harvey D, Shchukin D, Wang H. Laser Derived Electron Transport Layers with Embedded p-n Heterointerfaces Enabling Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 25. Adv Mater 2023:e2300403. [PMID: 37161663 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) with pronounced electron conducting capability are essential for high performance planar photovoltaics, with the great challenge being that the most widely used metal oxide ETLs unfortunately have intrinsically low carrier mobility. Herein is demonstrated that by simply addressing the carrier loss at particle boundaries of TiO2 ETLs, through embedding in ETL p-n heterointerfaces, the electron mobility of the ETLs can be boosted by three orders of magnitude. Such embedding is also encouragingly favorable for both inhibiting the formation of rutile phase TiO2 in ETL, and initiating the growth of the top high-quality and large-grain perovskite films with less defect states. By virtue of these merits, creation of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a champion efficiency of 25.05% is achieved, setting a new benchmark for planar PSCs employing TiO2 ETLs. Unencapsulated PSCs employing such ETLs also deliver much-improved environmental stability, i.e., more than 80% of their initial efficiency after 9000 h of air storage under RH of 40%, and over 90% of their initial efficiency at maximum power point under continuous illumination for 500 h. Further work exploring other laser-generated p-type nanocrystals for embedding warrants the proposed strategy as a universal alternative for addressing the low-carrier mobility of metal oxide based ETLs, from the view point of particle boundaries engineering. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ning Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Northwestern Polytech Univ, State Key Lab Solidificat Proc, MIIT Key Lab Radiat Detect Mat & Devices, Xian, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Aleksandr P Glotov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Novikov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vinokurov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Daniel Harvey
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, China
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10
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Cao F, Wu Q, Li W, Wang S, Kong L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Li H, Hua W, Rogach AL, Yang X. Core/Shell ZnO/ZnS Nanoparticle Electron Transport Layers Enable Efficient All-Solution-Processed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. Small 2023; 19:e2207260. [PMID: 36651021 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for low-cost, large-area displays, while severe deterioration of the perovskite light-emitting layer occurs during deposition of electron transport layers from solution in an issue. Herein, core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer in PeLED based on quasi-2D PEA2 Csn-1 Pbn Br3n+1 (PEA = phenylethylammonium) perovskite are employed. The deposition of ZnS shell mitigates trap states on ZnO core by anchoring sulfur to oxygen vacancies, and at the same time removes residual hydroxyl groups, which helps to suppress the interfacial trap-assisted non-radiative recombination and the deprotonation reaction between the perovskite layer and ZnO. The core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles show comparably high electron mobility to pristine ZnO nanoparticles, combined with the reduced energy barrier between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer, improving the charge injection balance in PeLEDs. As a result, the optimized PeLEDs employing core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer exhibit high peak luminance reaching 32 400 cd m-2 , external quantum efficiency of 10.3%, and 20-fold extended longevity as compared to the devices utilizing ZnO nanoparticles, which represents one of the highest overall performances for solution-processed PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wunan Li
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Hua
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
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11
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Lin Z, Xu X, Dong H, Song Q, Duan H, Mu C. Enhancing the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Bidirectional Modification of the Perovskite and Electron Transport Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1097-1104. [PMID: 36583669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the numerous defects present on the surface of the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the bottom of the perovskite film limit their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. In view of this, a bidirectional modification strategy is designed using formamidine acetate (FAAc) to passivate the defects on the SnO2 ETL surface and bottom of the perovskite simultaneously. FA+ cations act on the harmful hydroxyl groups on the SnO2 ETL surface, whereas Ac- anions act on the iodine vacancy defect at the bottom of the perovskite. Because the interface defect is well passivated by FAAc, the interfacial charge recombination is restrained. This results in a significant increase in the filling factor of the PSC to ∼0.83 and the consequent increase in PCE to 23.05%, which considerably improves the stability. Bidirectional modification technology is an effective strategy for improving the PCE and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Qili Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hairui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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12
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Park SY, Zhu K. Advances in SnO 2 for Efficient and Stable n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110438. [PMID: 35255529 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the regular n-i-p device architecture have reached above 25% certified efficiency with continuously reported improvements in recent years. A key common factor for these recent breakthroughs is the development of SnO2 as an effective electron transport layer in these devices. In this article, the key advances in SnO2 development are reviewed, including various deposition approaches and surface treatment strategies, to enhance the bulk and interface properties of SnO2 for highly efficient and stable n-i-p PSCs. In addition, the general materials chemistry associated with SnO2 along with the corresponding materials challenges and improvement strategies are discussed, focusing on defects, intrinsic properties, and impact on device characteristics. Finally, some SnO2 implementations related to scalable processes and flexible devices are highlighted, and perspectives on the future development of efficient and stable large-scale perovskite solar modules are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Park
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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13
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Liu Z, Tang H, Feng H, Tan CH, Liang Y, Hu Z, Zhang K, Huang F, Cao Y. Anion-Doped Thickness-Insensitive Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cell. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200190. [PMID: 35510577 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In organic solar cells, interfacial materials play essential roles in charge extraction, transportation, and collection. Currently, highly efficient and thickness-insensitive interfacial materials are urgently needed in printable large area module devices. Herein, water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFNBT-Br, with medium bandgap based on benzothiadiazole, are doped by two alkali metal sodium salts, NaH2 PO2 , Na2 C2 O4 with different counter anions, to pursue high efficiency and thickness-insensitive electron-transport layers. Results show that the doping of electron-transport material can effectively promote the performance of the devices. Moreover, electron-transport layers doped by these salts with different counter anions show different behaviors in performances. Among which, the salt with oxalate anion C2 O4 2- (also named Ox2- ) shows much better device performance than the salt with hypophosphite anion (H2 PO2 - ), especially under the thick film condition (e.g., 50 nm). The greatly enhanced performances of interfacial material doped by Ox2- are due to reduced Rs between the active layer material and the electrode, reduced dark-current, improved charge transport and extraction efficiency, and decreased charge recombination for the devices at thick-film condition. These results demonstrated that n-doping could be a great potential strategy for making thickness-insensitive interfacial layers, besides, the performances can be further improved by carefully selecting salts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ching-Hong Tan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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14
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Fernández S, González JP, Grandal J, Braña AF, Gómez-Mancebo MB, Gandía JJ. Roles of Low Temperature Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide for Solar Photovoltaic Technology. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247758. [PMID: 34947352 PMCID: PMC8707650 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different functionalities of materials based on indium tin oxide and fabricated at soft conditions were investigated with the goal of being used in a next generation of solar photovoltaic devices. These thin films were fabricated in a commercial UNIVEX 450B magnetron sputtering. The first studied functionality consisted of an effective n-type doped layer in an n-p heterojunction based on p-type crystalline silicon. At this point, the impact of the ITO film thickness (varied from 45 to 140 nm) and the substrate temperature (varied from room temperature to 250 °C) on the heterojunction parameters was evaluated separately. To avoid possible damages in the heterojunction interface, the applied ITO power was purposely set as low as 25 W; and to minimize the energy consumption, no heat treatment process was used. The second functionality consisted of indium-saving transparent conductive multicomponent materials for full spectrum applications. This was carried out by the doping of the ITO matrix with transition metals, as titanium and zinc. This action can reduce the production cost without sacrificing the optoelectronic film properties. The morphology, chemical, structural nature and optoelectronic properties were evaluated as function of the doping concentrations. The results revealed low manufactured and suitable films used successfully as conventional emitter, and near-infrared extended transparent conductive materials with superior performance that conventional ones, useful for full spectrum applications. Both can open interesting choices for cost-effective photovoltaic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fernández
- Departamento de Energía, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.G.); (J.J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(91)-3466039
| | - José Pablo González
- Departamento de Energía, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.G.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Javier Grandal
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), Departamento de Electrónica Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro F. Braña
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Belén Gómez-Mancebo
- División de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Javier Gandía
- Departamento de Energía, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.G.); (J.J.G.)
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15
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Lu D, Zhang W, Kloo L, Belova L. Inkjet-Printed Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247525. [PMID: 34947118 PMCID: PMC8704523 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing emerged as an alternative deposition method to spin coating in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the potential of scalable, low-cost, and no-waste manufacturing. In this study, the materials TiO2, SrTiO3, and SnO2 were inkjet-printed as electron transport layers (ETLs), and the PSC performance based on these ETLs was optimized by adjusting the ink preparation methods and printing processes. For the mesoporous ETLs inkjet-printed from TiO2 and SrTiO3 nanoparticle inks, the selection of solvents for dispersing nanoparticles was found to be important and a cosolvent system is beneficial for the film formation. Meanwhile, to overcome the low current density and severe hysteresis in SrTiO3-based devices, mixed mesoporous SrTiO3/TiO2 ETLs were also investigated. In addition, inkjet-printed SnO2 thin films were fabricated by using a cosolvent system and the effect of the SnO2 ink concentrations on the device performance was investigated. In comparison with PSCs based on TiO2 and SrTiO3 ETLs, the SnO2-based devices offer an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.37% in combination with a low hysteresis. This work expands the range of suitable ETL materials for inkjet-printed PSCs and promotes the commercial applications of inkjet printing techniques in PSC manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (W.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kloo
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (W.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Liubov Belova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Gao F, Luo C, Wang X, Zhao Q. Alkali Metal Chloride-Doped Water-Based TiO 2 for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Photovoltaics Exceeding 23% Efficiency. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100856. [PMID: 34928042 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 is one of the most broadly employed electron transport materials in n-i-p structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Low-temperature non-hydrolyzed sol-gel method is developed to prepare TiO2 in order to simplify the fabrication process and match with the planar structure PSCs. Conventional low-temperature TiO2 film using organic solvents as dispersants makes direct doping challenging due to limited solubility. Here, a newly developed water-based TiO2 solution is directly doped with different alkali chlorides, resulting in better conductivity, compatible energy level matching, and enhanced charge extraction in terms of electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 23.15% is achieved based on NaCl-doped TiO2 with competitive storage stability and light stability. The water-based TiO2 ETL for more general doping of various solutes opens up a new avenue for environmental-friendly manufacturing superior ETL toward high-efficiency and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Luo
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Lin Z, Zhang W, Cai Q, Xu X, Dong H, Mu C, Zhang J. Precursor Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer for Application in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102845. [PMID: 34633769 PMCID: PMC8596138 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) is a key component of regular perovskite solar cells to promote the overall charge extraction efficiency and tune the crystallinity of the perovskite layer for better device performance. The authors present a novel protocol of ETL engineering by incorporating a composition of the perovskite precursor, methylammonium chloride (MACl), or formamidine chloride (FACl), into SnO2 layers, which are then converted into the crystal nuclei of perovskites by reaction with PbI2 . The SnO2 -embedded nuclei remarkably improve the morphology and crystallinity of the optically active perovskite layers. The improved ETL-to-perovskite electrical contact and dense packing of large-grained perovskites enhance the carrier mobility and suppress charge recombination. The power conversion efficiency increases from 20.12% (blank device) to 21.87% (21.72%) for devices with MACl (FACl) as an ETL dopant. Moreover, all the precursor-engineered cells exhibit a record-high fill factor (82%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lin
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Cai
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Hongye Dong
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Cheng Mu
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Zhang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
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18
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Regalado-Pérez E, Díaz-Cruz EB, Landa-Bautista J, Mathews NR, Mathew X. Impact of Vertical Inhomogeneity on the Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study by Depth-Dependent Photoluminescence. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11833-11844. [PMID: 33651611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the vertical inhomogeneities which include uneven grains, voids, and grain boundaries are closely linked to the underlying charge transport layer which controls the nucleation and grain growth in the perovskite film. Herein, the vertical inhomogeneity of perovskite films in the device structure is analyzed by depth-dependent photoluminescence (PL) achieved with different excitation wavelengths. An analytical representation between vertical inhomogeneity and depth-dependent PL, parametrized with a factor, b, is introduced to understand the relation between inhomogeneity and charge recombination. Lower values of b correlate to lower vertical inhomogeneity and hence reduced recombination. The analytical representation is validated in two sets of devices that show remarkable differences in perovskite film morphology, device based on mesoporous TiO2 and planar SnO2. By exploring the morphological properties and the PL emission from different depths across the device structures, we show that the lower vertical inhomogeneity leads to more efficient charge carrier extraction in planar SnO2-based devices. Moreover, the SnO2-based devices exhibit lower Urbach energy, which concurs with the slow transient photovoltage decay, suggesting less defects and recombination losses. This work provides a broader understanding of the impact of vertical inhomogeneity on the charge extraction efficiency and presents a methodology to study quantitatively the inhomogeneity of perovskite films in device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Regalado-Pérez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - Evelyn B Díaz-Cruz
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - J Landa-Bautista
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - N R Mathews
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - X Mathew
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
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19
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Lim S, Kim J, Park JY, Min J, Yun S, Park T, Kim Y, Choi J. Suppressed Degradation and Enhanced Performance of CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Engineering of Electron Transport Layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6119-6129. [PMID: 33499586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (CsPbI3-PQDs) have recently come into focus as a light-harvesting material that can act as a platform through which to combine the material advantages of both perovskites and QDs. However, the low cubic-phase stability of CsPbI3-PQDs in ambient conditions has been recognized as a factor that inhibits device stability. TiO2 nanoparticles are the most regularly used materials as an electron transport layer (ETL) in CsPbI3-PQD photovoltaics; however, we found that TiO2 can facilitate the cubic-phase degradation of CsPbI3-PQDs due to its vigorous photocatalytic activity. To address these issues, we have developed chloride-passivated SnO2 QDs (Cl@SnO2 QDs), which have low photocatalytic activity and few surface traps, to suppress the cubic-phase degradation of CsPbI3-PQDs. Given these advantages, the CsPbI3-PQD solar cells based on Cl@SnO2 ETLs show significantly improved device operational stability (under conditions of 50% relative humidity and 1-sun illumination), compared to those based on TiO2 ETLs. In addition, the Cl@SnO2-based devices showed improved open circuit voltage and photocurrent density, resulting in enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 14.5% compared to that of TiO2-based control devices (PCE of 13.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - T Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee SH, Ko SJ, Eom SH, Kim H, Kim DW, Lee C, Yoon SC. Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14244-14253. [PMID: 32075367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron-transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18 and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (∼1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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21
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Huang L, Zhang D, Bu S, Peng R, Wei Q, Ge Z. Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple-Structured Perovskite Solar Cell. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902656. [PMID: 32195090 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) with cost-effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier-free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL-free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Danli Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Shixiao Bu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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22
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Huang L, Zhang D, Bu S, Peng R, Wei Q, Ge Z. Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple-Structured Perovskite Solar Cell. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902656. [PMID: 32195090 PMCID: PMC7080507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) with cost-effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier-free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL-free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
| | - Danli Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
| | - Shixiao Bu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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23
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Hui W, Yang Y, Xu Q, Gu H, Feng S, Su Z, Zhang M, Wang J, Li X, Fang J, Xia F, Xia Y, Chen Y, Gao X, Huang W. Red-Carbon-Quantum-Dot-Doped SnO 2 Composite with Enhanced Electron Mobility for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1906374. [PMID: 31799762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electron transport layer (ETL) plays a key role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An effective composite ETL is fabricated using carboxylic-acid- and hydroxyl-rich red-carbon quantum dots (RCQs) to dope low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 , which dramatically increases its electron mobility by ≈20 times from 9.32 × 10-4 to 1.73 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The mobility achieved is one of the highest reported electron mobilities for modified SnO2 . Fabricated planar PSCs based on this novel SnO2 ETL demonstrate an outstanding improvement in efficiency from 19.15% for PSCs without RCQs up to 22.77% and have enhanced long-term stability against humidity, preserving over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h under 40-60% humidity at 25 °C. These significant achievements are solely attributed to the excellent electron mobility of the novel ETL, which is also proven to help the passivation of traps/defects at the ETL/perovskite interface and to promote the formation of highly crystallized perovskite, with an enhanced phase purity and uniformity over a large area. These results demonstrate that inexpensive RCQs are simple but excellent additives for producing efficient ETLs in stable high-performance PSCs as well as other perovskite-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hui
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shanglei Feng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Ministry of Education, Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Ministry of Education, Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yingdong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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24
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Hu W, Zhou W, Lei X, Zhou P, Zhang M, Chen T, Zeng H, Zhu J, Dai S, Yang S, Yang S. Low-Temperature In Situ Amino Functionalization of TiO 2 Nanoparticles Sharpens Electron Management Achieving over 21% Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1806095. [PMID: 30633399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO2 ) has been commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) of regular-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and so far the reported PSC devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 21% are mostly based on mesoporous structures containing an indispensable mesoporous TiO2 layer. However, a high temperature annealing (over 450 °C) treatment is mandatory, which is incompatible with low-cost fabrication and flexible devices. Herein, a facile one-step, low-temperature, nonhydrolytic approach to in situ synthesizing amino-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles (abbreviated as NH2 -TiO2 NPs) is developed by chemical bonding of amino (-NH2 ) groups, via TiN bonds, onto the surface of TiO2 NPs. NH2 -TiO2 NPs are then incorporated as an efficient ETL in n-i-p planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs, affording PCE over 21%. Cs0.05 FA0.83 MA0.12 PbI2.55 Br0.45 (abbreviated as CsFAMA) PHJ PSC devices based on NH2 -TiO2 ETL exhibit the best PCE of 21.33%, which is significantly higher than that of the devices based on the pristine TiO2 ETL (19.82%) and is close to the record PCE for devices with similar structures and fabrication procedures. Besides, due to the passivation of the surface trap states of perovskite film, the hysteresis of current-voltage response is significantly suppressed, and the ambient stability of devices is improved upon amino functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xunyong Lei
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano-Micro Material Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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25
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Farooq A, Hossain IM, Moghadamzadeh S, Schwenzer JA, Abzieher T, Richards BS, Klampaftis E, Paetzold UW. Spectral Dependence of Degradation under Ultraviolet Light in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:21985-21990. [PMID: 29888902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate excellent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) but face severe stability challenges. One key degradation mechanism is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, the impact of different UV bands is not yet well established. Here, we systematically study the stability of PSCs on the basis of a methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) absorber exposed to (i) 310-317 (UV-B range) and (ii) 360-380 nm (UV-A range), under accelerated conditions. We demonstrate that the investigated UV-B band is detrimental to the stability of PSCs, resulting in PCE degradation by more than 50% after an exposure period >1700 sun-hours. This finding is valid for architectures with a range of electron transport layers, including SnO2, compact-TiO2, electron-beam TiO2, and nanoparticle-TiO2. We also show that photodegradation is apparent for high, as well as for low illumination intensities of UV-B light, but not for illumination with UV-A wavelengths. Finally, we show that degradation of PSCs is preventable at the cost of a small fraction of photocurrent by using UV-filtering or luminescent downshifting layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Farooq
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Ihteaz M Hossain
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Somayeh Moghadamzadeh
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Jonas A Schwenzer
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Tobias Abzieher
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Efthymios Klampaftis
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Ulrich W Paetzold
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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26
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Zhu Y, Deng K, Sun H, Gu B, Lu H, Cao F, Xiong J, Li L. TiO 2 Phase Junction Electron Transport Layer Boosts Efficiency of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1700614. [PMID: 29593964 PMCID: PMC5867052 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in electron extraction and transport. Widely utilized TiO2 ETLs suffer from the low conductivity and high surface defect density. To address these problems, for the first time, two types of ETLs based on TiO2 phase junction are designed and fabricated distributed in the opposite space, namely anatase/rutile and rutile/anatase. The champion efficiency of PSCs based on phase junction ETL is over 15%, which is much higher than that of cells with single anatase (9.8%) and rutile (11.8%) TiO2 as ETL. The phase junction based PSCs also demonstrated obviously reduced hysteresis. The enhanced performance is discussed and mainly ascribed to the excellent capability of carrier extraction, defect passivation, and reduced recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. This work opens a new phase junction ETL strategy toward interfacial energy band manipulation for improved PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhu
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Haoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Bangkai Gu
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Fengren Cao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
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27
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Guo B, Han J, Qiu J, Yu C, Sun Y, Li F, Hu Z, Wang Y. Alcohol-Soluble Isoindigo Derivative IIDTh-NSB as a Novel Modifier of ZnO in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:42969-42977. [PMID: 29164861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-soluble isoindigo derivative with thiophene groups and sulfobetaine zwitterions, IIDTh-NSB was applied as a novel modifier of ZnO in inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). When IIDTh-NSB (0.2 mg/mL) was spin-coated on ZnO as an electron transport layer (ETL), power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PTB7:PC71BM based i-PSCs reached 8.88%, which is a 20% improvement of that of 7.40% for the device with the ZnO-only ETL. If ZnO was doped by IIDTh-NSB of 1.0 wt %, the PCE of 8.50% could be achieved in the i-PSCs. Combined measurements of capacitance-voltage characteristics, carrier mobility, and photocurrent density-effective voltage characteristics revealed that incorporating IIDTh-NSB as the modifier of ZnO by coating or doping enhanced the built-in potential, charge carrier density and mobility, exciton dissociation, and charge carrier extraction in the i-PSCs because of the improved interfacial contact between the photoactive layer and ZnO as shown in water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy images. Finally, impedance spectroscopy investigation provided strong lines of evidence that incorporating IIDTh-NSB as the modifier of ZnO led to the great enhancement in short-circuit current density and fill factor. Furthermore, all the devices with IIDTh-NSB as a modifier of ZnO presented better stability than the device with ZnO-only. These findings suggest that IIDTh-NSB is an effective and competitive material for modification of ZnO in the i-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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