Nanostructured palladium doped nickel electrodes for immobilization of oxidases through nickel nanoparticles

A review on Pd-M bimetallic electrochemical sensors: Techniques, performance, and applications

Environmental pollution, food safety, and medical diagnostics pose severe threats to human health, making the development of effective detection technologies crucial. Electrochemical sensors, as an efficient detection method, are extensively employed in detecting environmental pollutants, food additives, and biomolecules. Pd-M bimetallic materials, known for their excellent electrocatalytic performance, are extensively utilized as electrode modification materials. Although earlier reviews have covered the sensing applications of bimetallic materials, they have not targeted discussed Pd-based bimetallic materials. This paper systematically summarizes the preparation methods of Pd-M bimetallic materials, explores their structural and morphological regulation, and elaborates on their recent applications in pesticide detection, environmental pollutant detection, food additive detection, drug detection, and biosensing. It enumerates the detection performance of various Pd-M bimetallic material-modified electrochemical sensors for the aforementioned analytes in detail, including specific modification materials, linear range, detection limits, and sensitivity parameters.

Electrochemical evaluation of proton beam radiation effect on the B16 cell culture

The interaction of radiation with matter takes place through energy transfer and is accomplished especially by ionized atoms or molecules. The effect of radiation on biological systems involves multiple physical, chemical and biological steps. Direct effects result in a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within and outside and inside of the cells as well, which are responsible for oxidative stress. Indirect effects are defined as alteration of normal biological processes and cellular components (DNA, protein, lipids, etc.) caused by the reactive oxygen species directly induced by radiation. In this work, a classical design of an electrochemical (EC) three-electrodes system was employed for analyzing the effects of proton beam radiation on melanoma B16 cell line. In order to investigate the effect of proton radiation on the B16 cells, the cells were grown on the EC surface and irradiated. After optimization of the experimental set-up and dosimetry, the radiobiological experiments were performed at doses ranging between 0 and 2 Gy and the effect of proton beam irradiation on the cells was evaluated by the means of cyclic voltammetry and measuring the open circuit potential between working and reference electrodes.

Electrochemical impedance analysis of the CYFRA 21-1 antigen based on doxorubicin-initiated ROP signal amplification

The electrochemical immunoassay based on the Dox–PCL–PEO copolymer has been firstly used in the detection of CYFRA 21-1.

Ultrasensitive label-free detection for lung cancer CYFRA 21-1 DNA based on ring-opening polymerization

Cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) DNA is perceived as sensitive tumor marker for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and other tumor. Herein, linear chain poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) synthesized by ring-opening polymerization is applied to ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical impedance detection system for CYFRA 21-1 DNA. First, thiolated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is self-assembled into the Au electrode surface through the formation of Au-S bonds, allowing the PNA to act as biomolecular probe and form PNA/DNA heteroduplex with the target DNA via specific hybridization. Then, PCL is conjugated to the immobilized DNA on the electrode via "carboxylate-Zr⁴⁺-phosphate" bridges. Finally, the electrochemical response of modified PNA/DNA/Zr⁴⁺/PCL electrode is determined by electrochemical impedance method to quantify of CYFRA 21-1 DNA. Under optimal conditions, this method exhibits highly sensitivity with a broad linear range (0.1 fM - 1 nM) (R² = 0.995) and the limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 10.73 aM, which is equivalent to just 64 molecules in a 10 μL sample. What's more, the high selectivity, good anti-interference, label-free operation, and real-time monitoring in complex samples of the proposed strategy demonstrate its broad application for the early diagnosis and clinical monitoring.

Application of magnetic nanomaterials in electroanalytical methods: A review

Magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained high attention in different fields of studies due to their ferromagnetic/superparamagnetic properties and their low toxicity and high biocompatibility. MNMs contain magnetic elements such as iron and nickel in metallic, bimetallic, metal oxide, and mixed metal oxide. In electroanalytical methods, MNMs have been applied as sorbents for sample preparation before the electrochemical detection (sorbent role), as the electrode modifier (catalytic role), and the integration of the above two roles (as both sorbent and catalytic agent). In this paper, the application of MNMs in electroanalytical methods have been classified based on the main role of the nanomaterial and discussed separately. Furthermore, catalytic activities of MNMs in electroanalytical methods such as redox electrocatalytic, nanozymes catalytic (peroxidase, catalase activity, oxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity), catalyst gate, and nanocontainer have been discussed.