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Zhang X, Valencia A, Li W, Ao K, Shi J, Yue X, Zhang R, Daoud WA. Decoupling Activation and Transport by Electron-Regulated Atomic-Bi Harnessed Surface-to-Pore Interface for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305415. [PMID: 37607471 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) promises a route to low-cost and grid-scale electricity storage using renewable energy resources. However, the interplay of mass transport and activation processes of high-loading catalysts makes it challenging to drive high-performance density VRFB. Herein, a surface-to-pore interface design that unlocks the potential of atomic-Bi-exposed catalytic surface via decoupling activation and transport is reported. The functional interface accommodates electron-regulated atomic-Bi catalyst in an asymmetric Bi─O─Mn structure that expedites the V3+ /V2+ conversion, and a mesoporous Mn3 O4 sub-scaffold for rapid shuttling of redox-active species, whereby the site accessibility is maximized, contrary to conventional transport-limited catalysts. By in situ grafting this interface onto micron-porous carbon felt (Bi1 -sMn3 O4 -CF), a high-performance flow battery is achieved, yielding a record high energy efficiency of 76.72% even at a high current density of 400 mA cm-2 and a peak power density of 1.503 W cm-2 , outdoing the battery with sMn3 O4 -CF (62.60%, 0.978 W cm-2 ) without Bi catalyst. Moreover, this battery renders extraordinary durability of over 1500 cycles, bespeaking a crucial breakthrough toward sustainable redox flow batteries (RFBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes Valencia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weilu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelong Ao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Yue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Walid A Daoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang X, Ye X, Valencia A, Liu F, Ao K, Yue X, Shi J, Daoud WA, Zhou X. Asymmetric Chemical Potential Activated Nanointerfacial Electric Field for Efficient Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21799-21812. [PMID: 37862692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Constructing active sites with enhanced intrinsic activity and accessibility in a confined microenvironment is critical for simultaneously upgrading the round-trip efficiency and lifespan of all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) yet remains under-explored. Here, we present nanointerfacial electric fields (E-fields) featuring outstanding intrinsic activity embodied by binary Mo2C-Mo2N sublattice. The asymmetric chemical potential on both sides of the reconstructed heterogeneous interface imposes the charge movement and accumulation near the atomic-scale N-Mo-C binding region, eliciting the configuration of an accelerator-like E-field from Mo2N to Mo2C sublattice. Supported with theoretical calculations and intrinsic activity tests, the improved vanadium ion adsorption behavior and charge-transfer process at the nanointerfacial sites were further substantiated, hence expediting the electrochemical kinetics. Accordingly, the pronounced promotion is achieved in the resultant flow battery, yielding an energy efficiency of 77.7% and an extended lifespan of 1000 cycles at 300 mA cm-2, outperforming flow cells with conventional single catalysts in most previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Agnes Valencia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kelong Ao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xian Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Walid A Daoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuelong Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Sun C, Zhang H. Review of the Development of First-Generation Redox Flow Batteries: Iron-Chromium System. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101798. [PMID: 34724346 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The iron-chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is considered the first true RFB and utilizes low-cost, abundant iron and chromium chlorides as redox-active materials, making it one of the most cost-effective energy storage systems. ICRFBs were pioneered and studied extensively by NASA and Mitsui in Japan in the 1970-1980s, and extensive studies on ICRFBs have been carried out over the past few decades. In addition, ICRFB is considered to be one of the most promising directions for cost-effective and large-scale energy storage applications, as its cost can theoretically be lower than that of zinc-bromine and all-vanadium RFBs, giving it the potential for large-scale promotion. With the resolution of problems such as hydrogen evolution and electrolyte intermixing, the ICRFB technology is moving out of the laboratory and striving for greater power and more stable industrialization requirements. This Review summarizes the history, development, and research status of key components (carbon-based electrode, electrolyte, and membranes) in the ICRFB system, aiming to give a brief guide to researchers who are involved in the related subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Sun
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liao Ning Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liao Ning Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhao L, Wang S, Liu J, Yan C. Excellent ion selectivity of Nafion membrane modified by PBI via acid-base pair effect for vanadium flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lutz C, Breuckmann M, Hampel S, Kreyenschmidt M, Ke X, Beuermann S, Schafner K, Turek T, Kunz U, Buzanich AG, Radtke M, Fittschen UEA. Characterization of Dimeric Vanadium Uptake and Species in Nafion™ and Novel Membranes from Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Electrolytes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080576. [PMID: 34436339 PMCID: PMC8399489 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A core component of energy storage systems like vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) is the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). In this work, the frequently used perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) membrane Nafion™ 117 and a novel poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)-based membrane are investigated. A well-known problem in VRFBs is the vanadium permeation through the membrane. The consequence of this so-called vanadium crossover is a severe loss of capacity. For a better understanding of vanadium transport in membranes, the uptake of vanadium ions from electrolytes containing Vdimer(IV–V) and for comparison also V(II), V(III), V(IV), and V(V) by both membranes was studied. UV/VIS spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (microXRF) were used to determine the vanadium concentrations and the species inside the membrane. The results strongly support that Vdimer(IV–V), a dimer formed from V(IV) and V(V), enters the nanoscopic water-body of Nafion™ 117 as such. This is interesting, because as of now, only the individual ions V(IV) and V(V) were considered to be transported through the membrane. Additionally, it was found that the Vdimer(IV–V) dimer partly dissociates to the individual ions in the novel PVDF-based membrane. The Vdimer(IV–V) dimer concentration in Nafion™ was determined and compared to those of the other species. After three days of equilibration time, the concentration of the dimer is the lowest compared to the monomeric vanadium species. The concentration of vanadium in terms of the relative uptake λ = n(V)/n(SO3) are as follows: V(II) [λ = 0.155] > V(III) [λ = 0.137] > V(IV) [λ = 0.124] > V(V) [λ = 0.053] > Vdimer(IV–V) [λ = 0.039]. The results show that the Vdimer(IV–V) dimer needs to be considered in addition to the other monomeric species to properly describe the transport of vanadium through Nafion™ in VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Michael Breuckmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Science Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Sven Hampel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Martin Kreyenschmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Science Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Xi Ke
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (X.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (X.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Katharina Schafner
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (K.S.); (T.T.); (U.K.)
- Forschungszentrum Energiespeichertechnologien, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (K.S.); (T.T.); (U.K.)
- Forschungszentrum Energiespeichertechnologien, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunz
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (K.S.); (T.T.); (U.K.)
- Forschungszentrum Energiespeichertechnologien, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, Germany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Radtke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Ursula E. A. Fittschen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld Str. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-5323-72-2205
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Nolte O, Volodin IA, Stolze C, Hager MD, Schubert US. Trust is good, control is better: a review on monitoring and characterization techniques for flow battery electrolytes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1866-1925. [PMID: 34846470 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow batteries (FBs) currently are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for energy grids with a large share of renewable electricity generation. Among the main technological challenges for the economic operation of a large-scale battery technology is its calendar lifetime, which ideally has to cover a few decades without significant loss of performance. This requirement can only be met if the key parameters representing the performance losses of the system are continuously monitored and optimized during the operation. Nearly all performance parameters of a FB are related to the two electrolytes as the electrochemical storage media and we therefore focus on them in this review. We first survey the literature on the available characterization methods for the key FB electrolyte parameters. Based on these, we comprehensively review the currently available approaches for assessing the most important electrolyte state variables: the state-of-charge (SOC) and the state-of-health (SOH). We furthermore discuss how monitoring and operation strategies are commonly implemented as online tools to optimize the electrolyte performance and recover lost battery capacity as well as how their automation is realized via battery management systems (BMSs). Our key findings on the current state of this research field are finally highlighted and the potential for further progress is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nolte
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Gvozdik NA, Stevenson KJ. In situ spectroelectrochemical Raman studies of vanadyl-ion oxidation mechanisms on carbon paper electrodes for vanadium flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, Mitchell T, An L, Li Z, Benedict J, Li H, Ren S. Cross-Linking and Charging Molecular Magnetoelectronics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4099-4105. [PMID: 33886320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectrics are witnessing an ever-growing success toward the voltage-controlled magnetism derived from inorganic materials. However, these inorganic materials have predominantly focused on the ferroelectromagnetism at solid-to-solid interfaces and suffered several drawbacks, including the interface-sensitive coupling mediators, high-power electric field, and limited chemical tunability. Here, we report a promising design strategy to shift the paradigm of next-generation molecular magnetoelectrics, which relies on the integration between molecular magnetism and electric conductivity though an in situ cross-linking strategy. Following this approach, we demonstrate a versatile and efficient synthesis of flexible molecular-based magnetoelectronics by cross-linking of magnetic coordination networks that incorporate conducting chain building blocks. The as-grown compounds feature an improved critical temperature up to 337 K and a room-temperature magnetism control of low-power electric field. It is envisaged that the cross-linking of molecular interfaces is a feasible method to couple and modulate magnetism and electron conducting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Travis Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jason Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Huashan Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Chen N, Zhang H, Luo XD, Sun CY. SiO2-decorated graphite felt electrode by silicic acid etching for iron-chromium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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