1
|
Yu Z, Gao WT, Liu YJ, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Fluorinated poly(p-triphenyl piperidine) anion exchange membranes with robust dimensional stability for fuel cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:404-414. [PMID: 37549525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which are more economical than proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), stand out in the context of the rapid development of renewable energy. Superacid-catalyzed ether-free aromatic polymers have recently received a lot of attention due to their exceptional performance, but their development has been hampered by the trade-off between the dimensional stability and ionic conductivity of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Here, we introduced fluoroketones containing different numbers of fluorinated groups (x = 0, 3 and 6) in the main chain of p-terphenyl piperidine because of the favorable hydrophobic properties of fluorinated groups. The results show that fluorinated AEMs can enhance OH- conductivity by building more aggregated hydrophilic channels while ensuring dimensional stability. The PTF6-QAPTP AEM with more fluorinated groups has the most excellent performance at 80 °C with an OH- conductivity of 142.7 mS cm-1 and a swelling ratio (SR) of only 4.55 %. Additionally, it exhibits good alkali durability, with the OH- conductivity and quaternary ammonium (QA) cation retaining at 93.45% and 92.6%, respectively, after immersion in a 2 M NaOH solution at 80 °C for 1200 h. In addition, the power density of the PTF6-QAPTP based single cell reaches 849 mW cm-2 when the current density is 1600 mA cm-2. The PTF6-QAPTP based cell has a voltage retention of 88% after 80 h of stability testing at a constant current density of 300 mA cm-2 at 80 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Wei Ting Gao
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Ying Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Qiu Gen Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Ai Mei Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Qing Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clemens AL, Jayathilake BS, Karnes JJ, Schwartz JJ, Baker SE, Duoss EB, Oakdale JS. Tuning Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061534. [PMID: 36987313 PMCID: PMC10051716 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are an enabling component for next-generation electrochemical devices, including alkaline fuel cells, water and CO2 electrolyzers, and flow batteries. While commercial systems, notably fuel cells, have traditionally relied on proton-exchange membranes, hydroxide-ion conducting AAEMs hold promise as a method to reduce cost-per-device by enabling the use of non-platinum group electrodes and cell components. AAEMs have undergone significant material development over the past two decades; however, challenges remain in the areas of durability, water management, high temperature performance, and selectivity. In this review, we survey crosslinking as a tool capable of tuning AAEM properties. While crosslinking implementations vary, they generally result in reduced water uptake and increased transport selectivity and alkaline stability. We survey synthetic methodologies for incorporating crosslinks during AAEM fabrication and highlight necessary precautions for each approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auston L. Clemens
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (J.S.O.)
| | | | - John J. Karnes
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Johanna J. Schwartz
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sarah E. Baker
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Eric B. Duoss
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - James S. Oakdale
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (J.S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei C, Yu W, Wu L, Ge X, Xu T. Physically and Chemically Stable Anion Exchange Membranes with Hydrogen-Bond Induced Ion Conducting Channels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224920. [PMID: 36433047 PMCID: PMC9696997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable properties are the crucial components for numerous energy devices such as AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs), AEM water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), etc. However, the lack of suitable AEMs severely limits the performance of devices. Here, a series of physically and chemically stable AEMs have been prepared by the reaction between the alkyl bromine terminal ether-bond-free aryl backbone and the urea group-containing crosslinker. Morphology analyses confirm that the hydrogen bonding interaction between urea groups is capable of driving the ammonium cations to aggregate and further form continuous ion-conducting channels. Therefore, the resultant AEM demonstrates remarkable OH− conductivity (59.1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and 122.9 mS cm−1 at 90 °C) despite a moderate IEC (1.77 mmol g−1). Simultaneously, due to the adoption of ether-bond-free aryl backbone and alkylene chain-modified trimethylammonium cation, the AEM possesses excellent alkaline stability (87.3% IEC retention after soaking in 1 M NaOH for 1080 h). Moreover, the prepared AEM shows desirable mechanical properties (tensile stress > 25 MPa) and dimensional stability (SR = 20.3% at 90 °C) contributed by the covalent-bond and hydrogen-bond crosslinking network structures. Moreover, the resulting AEM reaches a peak power density of 555 mW cm−2 in an alkaline H2/O2 single fuel cell at 70 °C without back pressure. This rational structural design presented here provides inspiration for the development of high-performance AEMs, which are crucial for membrane technologies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu W, Ge Z, Zhang K, Liang X, Ge X, Wang H, Li M, Shen X, Xu Y, Wu L, Xu T. Development of a High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane: From Structural Optimization to Quantity Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianhe Shen
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruz-Rosado A, Romero-Hernández JE, Ríos-López M, López-Morales S, Cedillo G, Ríos-Ruiz LM, Cetina-Mancilla E, Palacios-Alquisira J, Zolotukhin MG, Vivaldo-Lima E. Molecular weight development in the superacid-catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation of 1-propylisatin and biphenyl at stoichiometric conditions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Highly conductive fluorinated poly(biphenyl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes with robust durability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Liang X, Ge X, He Y, Xu M, Shehzad MA, Sheng F, Bance‐Soualhi R, Zhang J, Yu W, Ge Z, Wei C, Song W, Peng J, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Xu T. 3D-Zipped Interface: In Situ Covalent-Locking for High Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102637. [PMID: 34636177 PMCID: PMC8596103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells can generate high power using a potentially green fuel (H2 ) and zero emissions of greenhouse gas (CO2 ). However, significant mass transport resistances in the interface region of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), between the membrane and the catalyst layers remains a barrier to achieving MEAs with high power densities and long-term stabilities. Here, a 3D-interfacial zipping concept is presented to overcome this challenge. Vinylbenzyl-terminated bi-cationic quaternary-ammonium-based polyelectrolyte is employed as both the anionomer in the anion-exchange membrane (AEM) and catalyst layers. A quaternary-ammonium-containing covalently locked interface is formed by thermally induced inter-crosslinking of the terminal vinyl groups. Ex situ evaluation of interfacial bonding strength and in situ durability tests demonstrate that this 3D-zipped interface strategy prevents interfacial delamination without any sacrifice of fuel cell performance. A H2 /O2 AEMFC test demonstration shows promisingly high power densities (1.5 W cm-2 at 70 °C with 100% RH and 0.2 MPa backpressure gas feeds), which can retain performances for at least 120 h at a usefully high current density of 0.6 A cm-2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHuainan Normal UniversityHuainanAnhui232001P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Yubin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Mai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHuainan Normal UniversityHuainanAnhui232001P. R. China
| | - Muhammad A. Shehzad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Fangmeng Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | | | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Chengpeng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Wanjie Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Jinlan Peng
- The Center for Micro‐ and Nanoscale Research and FabricationUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - John R. Varcoe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - Liang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of Applied ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai RoadHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Chen J, Zhou J, Nie Y, Shen C, Gao S. Trimethyl-Ammonium Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes with the Vinylbenzyl Chloride/Acrylonitrile Main Chain. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Facilitating ionic conduction for anion exchange membrane via employing star-shaped block copolymer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Highly hydroxide-conductive anion exchange membrane with PIL@MOF-assisted ion nanochannels. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Prepared poly(aryl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes for acid recovery to improve dialysis coefficients and selectivity. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
Quaternized Tröger’s base polymer with crown ether unit for alkaline stable anion exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|