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Li B, Li G, Wan Q, Yuan L, Liu Y, Li L, Zhuang X, Zhang J, Ke C. Simultaneously improving the pore structure and electron conductive network of the anode catalyst layer via SnO 2 doping for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10390-10396. [PMID: 38567334 PMCID: PMC10985460 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production. However, its large-scale commercial application is limited by its high precious metal loading, because low catalyst loading leads to reduced electron transport channels and decreased water transportation, etc. Herein, we study the electrode level strategy for reducing Ir loading by the optimization of the micro-structure of the anode catalyst layer via SnO2 doping. The pore structure and electron conductive network of the anode catalyst layer can be simultaneously improved by SnO2 doping, under appropriate conditions. Therefore, mass transfer polarization and ohmic polarization of the single cell are reduced. Moreover, the enhanced pore structure and improved electron conduction network collectively contribute to a decreased occurrence of charge transfer polarization. By this strategy, the performance of the single cell with the Ir loading of 1.5 mg cm-2 approaches the single cell with the higher Ir loading of 2.0 mg cm-2, which means that SnO2 doping saves about 25% loading of Ir. This paper provides a perspective at the electrode level to reduce the precious metal loading of the anode in PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Li
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley Foshan 528200 P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Longxu Li
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Changchun Ke
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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Wang C, Yang F, Feng L. Recent advances in iridium-based catalysts with different dimensions for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1174-1193. [PMID: 37434582 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is considered a promising technology for green hydrogen production, and iridium (Ir)-based catalysts are the best materials for anodic oxygen evolution reactions (OER) owing to their high stability and anti-corrosion ability in a strong acid electrolyte. The properties of Ir-based nanocatalysts can be tuned by rational dimension engineering, which has received intensive attention recently for catalysis ability boosting. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the structural and catalysis performance, herein, an overview of the recent progress was provided for Ir-based catalysts with different dimensions for the acidic OER. The promotional effect was first presented in terms of the nano-size effect, synergistic effect, and electronic effect based on the dimensional effect, then the latest progress of Ir-based catalysts classified into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) catalysts was introduced in detail; and the practical application of some typical examples in the real PEM water electrolyzers (PEMWE) was also presented. Finally, the problems and challenges faced by current dimensionally engineered Ir-based catalysts in acidic electrolytes were discussed. It is concluded that the increased surface area and catalytic active sites can be realized by dimensional engineering strategies, while the controllable synthesis of different dimensional structured catalysts is still a great challenge, and the correlation between structure and performance, especially for the structural evolution during the electrochemical operation process, should be probed in depth. Hopefully, this effort could help understand the progress of dimensional engineering of Ir-based catalysts in OER catalysis and contribute to the design and preparation of novel efficient Ir-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Fulin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China.
| | - Ligang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China.
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Sun C, Qin J, Li M, Han G, Song Y. Ultrafine IrRu Nanoparticles toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17362-17369. [PMID: 36264684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are capable of mass-producing green hydrogen with renewable and wave-trough electricity, but confront the challenge of the lack of advanced electrocatalysts to accelerate sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report the synthesis of ultrafine IrRu alloy nanoparticles (1.6 ± 0.3 nm) by coprecipitation of IrCl3, RuCl3, and HCOONa in water to allow Ir3+ and Ru3+ to be well dispersed and enclosed in the matrix of crystalline HCOONa, followed by heat treatment of HCOONa to reduce Ir3+ and Ru3+. Remarkably, the overpotential of IrRu toward acidic OER at 10 mA cm-2 is merely 230 and 194 mV at 51 and 204 μgIrRu cm-2, respectively. The high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 577.1 m2 g-1 and high specific activity (SA) of 22.7 μA cm-2 at 1.45 V vs RHE would contribute to the exceptional OER activity. In addition, the electron transfer from Ir to Ru in IrRu should significantly boost the OER activity according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). IrRu also shows an excellent stability during 10 h of a chronopotentiometry (CP) test at 10 mA cm-2. Eventually, the high OER activity of IrRu was verified in a PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian116024, People's Republic of China
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Performance of Insoluble IrO2 Anode for Sewage Sludge Cake Electrodehydration Application with Respect to Operation Conditions. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficient management of wastewater and sewage sludge treatment are becoming crucial with industrialization and increasing anthropological effects. Dehydration of sewage sludge cakes (SSCs) is typically carried out using mechanical and electrochemical processes. Using the mechanical dehydration process, only a limited amount of water can be removed, and the resultant SSCs have a water content of approximately 70–80 wt.%, which is significantly high for land dumping or recycling as solid fuel. Dumping high-moisture-content SSCs in land can lead to leakage of hazardous wastewater into the ground and cause economic loss. Therefore, dehydration of SSCs is crucial. Contemporary treatment methods focus on the development of anode materials for the electrochemical processes. IrO2 is an insoluble anode material that is eco-friendly, less expensive, and exhibits high chemical stability, and it has been widely used and investigated in wastewater treatment and electrodehydration (ED) industries. Herein, we evaluated the performance of the ED system developed using IrO2 anode material. The operating conditions of the anode such as reaction time, sludge thickness, and voltage on SSC were optimized. The performance of the ED system was evaluated based on the moisture content of SSCs after dehydration. The moisture content decreased proportionally with the reaction time, sludge thickness, and voltage. The moisture content of 40 wt.% was determined as the optimum quantity for land dumping or to be used as recycled solid fuel.
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Qi R, Zhang LZ. Microstructure investigation on catalyst layer of electrolytic dehumidifier for performance improvement: Multi-scale modelling simplification and parameter analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang C, Makabu CM, Du X, Li J, Sun D, Liu G. Cobalt nanorods decorated titanium oxide arrays as efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media: Progress and Challenges. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the efficiency-determining half-reaction process of high-demand, electricity-driven water splitting due to its sluggish four-electron transfer reaction. Tremendous effects on developing OER catalysts with high activity and strong acid-tolerance at high oxidation potentials have been made for proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), which is one of the most promising future hydrogen-fuel-generating technologies. This review presents recent progress in understanding OER mechanisms in PEMWE, including the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM). We further summarize the latest strategies to improve catalytic performance, such as surface/interface modification, catalytic site coordination construction, and electronic structure regulation of catalytic centers. Finally, challenges and prospective solutions for improving OER performance are proposed.
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Jiang G, Yu H, Li Y, Yao D, Chi J, Sun S, Shao Z. Low-Loading and Highly Stable Membrane Electrode Based on an Ir@WO xNR Ordered Array for PEM Water Electrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15073-15082. [PMID: 33761742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing cheap and stable membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) plays critical roles in renewable energy revolution. Iridium is the commonly efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. But the reserve in earth is a shortage. Herein, an ordered array electrode in feature of the defective Ir film decorated on external WOx nanorods (WOxNRs) is designed. Electrodeposition is carried out to prepare an iridium coating (∼68 nm in thickness) to guarantee the ordered morphology. This novel electrode obtained brilliant I-V performances (2.2 A cm-2@2.0 V) and 1030 h stability (0.5 mA cm-2) with a reduced loading of 0.14 mgIr cm-2. The uniform dispersion Ir catalyst on the WOx substrate benefits to enhance Ir mass activity and improve the poor conductivity originating from WOx. Compared with that of sprayed electrode, the threshold current density of mass transport polarization region can be expande to at least 3.0 A cm-2 for ordered structure electrode attributed to the abundant water storage bulk. This novel Ir@WOxNRs electrode occupies a huge potential to defuse the cost and durability issues confronting with the PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Jiang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yonghuan Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dewei Yao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shucheng Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Shao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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