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Su H, Hu YH. Gradient Functional Layer Anode for Carbonate-Superstructured Solid Fuel Cells with Ethane Fuel. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311684. [PMID: 38533989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbonate-superstructured solid fuel cells (CSSFCs) are an emerging type of fuel cells with high flexibility of fuels. However, using ethane fuel for solid fuel cells is a great challenge due to serious degradation of their anodes. Herein, this critical issue is solved by creating a novel gradient functional layer anode for CSSFCs. First, a finer-scale anode with a larger surface area is demonstrated to provide more active sites for the internal reforming reaction of ethane, achieving a 60% higher ethane conversion rate and 40% lower polarization resistance than conventional anodes. Second, incorporating a gradient functional layer into the anode results in an additional 50% enhancement in the peak power density of CSSFCs to a record high value (up to 241 mW cm-2) with dry ethane fuel at a low temperature of 550 °C, which is even comparable to the power density of conventional solid oxide fuel cells above 700 °C. Furthermore, the CSSFC with the gradient anode exhibits excellent durability for over 200 h. This finding provides a new strategy to develop efficient anodes for hydrocarbon fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA
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2
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Zhang Z, Niu A, Lv Y, Guo H, Chen JS, Liu Q, Dong K, Sun X, Li T. NbC Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Active and Robust Heterostructural Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406441. [PMID: 38742483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal carbides with metallic properties have been extensively used as electrocatalysts due to their excellent conductivity and unique electronic structures. Herein, NbC nanoparticles decorated carbon nanofibers (NbC@CNFs) are proposed as an efficient and robust catalyst for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from nitrate/nitrite reduction, which achieves a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.4 % and a large ammonia yield of 30.9 mg h-1 mg-1 cat.. In situ electrochemical tests reveal the nitrite reduction at the catalyst surface follows the *NO pathway and theoretical calculations reveal the formation of NbC@CNFs heterostructure significantly broadens density of states nearby the Fermi energy. Finite element simulations unveil that the current and electric field converge on the NbC nanoparticles along the fiber, suggesting the dispersed carbides are highly active for nitrite reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Aihui Niu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxin Lv
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Song Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xuping Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Tingshuai Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
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3
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Jang I, S A Carneiro J, Crawford JO, Cho YJ, Parvin S, Gonzalez-Casamachin DA, Baltrusaitis J, Lively RP, Nikolla E. Electrocatalysis in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8233-8306. [PMID: 38885684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Interest in energy-to-X and X-to-energy (where X represents green hydrogen, carbon-based fuels, or ammonia) technologies has expanded the field of electrochemical conversion and storage. Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are among the most promising technologies for these processes. Their unmatched conversion efficiencies result from favorable thermodynamics and kinetics at elevated operating temperatures (400-900 °C). These solid-state electrochemical systems exhibit flexibility in reversible operation between fuel cell and electrolysis modes and can efficiently utilize a variety of fuels. However, electrocatalytic materials at SOC electrodes remain nonoptimal for facilitating reversible operation and fuel flexibility. In this Review, we explore the diverse range of electrocatalytic materials utilized in oxygen-ion-conducting SOCs (O-SOCs) and proton-conducting SOCs (H-SOCs). We examine their electrochemical activity as a function of composition and structure across different electrochemical reactions to highlight characteristics that lead to optimal catalytic performance. Catalyst deactivation mechanisms under different operating conditions are discussed to assess the bottlenecks in performance. We conclude by providing guidelines for evaluating the electrochemical performance of electrode catalysts in SOCs and for designing effective catalysts to achieve flexibility in fuel usage and mode of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Jang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juliana S A Carneiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joshua O Crawford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yoon Jin Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sahanaz Parvin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Diego A Gonzalez-Casamachin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ryan P Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eranda Nikolla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Ye Q, Ye H, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhao B, Yang G, Dong F, Ni M, Lin Z, Zhang S. Facile Deficiency Engineering in a Cobalt-Free Perovskite Air Electrode to Achieve Enhanced Performance for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307900. [PMID: 38334199 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial component responsible for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), cobalt-rich perovskite-type cathode materials have been extensively investigated in protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC). However, their widespread application at a commercial scale is considerably hindered by the high cost and inadequate stability. In response to these weaknesses, the study presents a novel cobalt-free perovskite oxide, Ba0.95La0.05(Fe0.8Zn0.2)0.95O3-δ (BLFZ0.95), with the triple-conducting (H+|O2-|e-) property as an active and robust air electrode for PCFC. The B-site deficiency state contributes significantly to the optimization of crystal and electronic structure, as well as the increase in oxygen vacancy concentration, thus in turn favoring the catalytic capacity. As a result, the as-obtained BLFZ0.95 electrode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance at 700 °C, representing extremely low area-specific resistance of 0.04 Ω cm2 in humid air (3 vol.% H2O), extraordinarily high peak power density of 1114 mW cm-2, and improved resistance against CO2 poisoning. Furthermore, the outstanding long-term durability is achieved without visible deterioration in both symmetrical and single cell modes. This study presents a simple but crucial case for rational design of cobalt-free perovskite cathode materials with appreciable performance via B-site deficiency regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huaqing Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bote Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ni
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD) & Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
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5
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Chen T, Zhang H, Zheng G, Xue Q, Huang Z, Zhou Y, Wang S. A High-Strength Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Supported by an Ordered Porous Cathode Membrane. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:44. [PMID: 38392671 PMCID: PMC10889947 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The phase inversion tape casting has been widely used to fabricate open straight porous supports for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which can offer better gas transmission and minimize the concentration polarization. However, the overall weak strength of the macro-porous structure still limits the applications of these SOFCs. In this work, a novel SOFC supported by an ordered porous cathode membrane with a four-layer configuration containing a finger-like porous 3 mol% yttria- stabilized zirconia (3YSZ)-La0.8Sr0.2Co0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LSCF) catalyst, porous 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ)-LSCF catalyst, and dense 8YSZ porous 8YSZ-NiO catalyst is successfully prepared by the phase inversion tape casting, dip-coating, co-sintering, and impregnation process. The flexural strength of the open straight porous 3YSZ membrane is as high as 131.95 MPa, which meets the requirement for SOFCs. The cathode-supported single cell shows a peak power density of 540 mW cm-2 at 850 °C using H2 as the fuel. The degradation mechanism of the SOFC is investigated by the combination of microstructure characterization and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guozhu Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zuzhi Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yucun Zhou
- Beijing Huairou Laboratory, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Shaorong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China
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6
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Zhao S, Huang L, Huang M, Lin WF, Wu Y. Novel Perovskite Structured Nd 0.5Ba 0.5Co 1/3Ni 1/3Mn 1/3O 3-δ as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Electrode in Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59512-59523. [PMID: 38100658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing catalytic materials with highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for lower-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and electrolysis cell (SOEC) technologies. In this work, a novel triple perovskite material, Nd0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O3-δ, has been developed and employed as a catalyst for both ORR and OER in SOFC and SOEC operations at relatively lower temperatures, showing a low polarization resistance of 0.327 Ω cm2, high-power output of SOFC up to 773 mW cm-2 at 650 °C, and a high current density of 1.57 A cm-2 from SOEC operation at 1.5 V at 600 °C. The relaxation time distribution reveals that Nd0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O3-δ could maintain a slow polarization process at the relatively low operating temperature, offering a significant antipolarization advantage over other perovskite electrode materials. The Nd0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O3-δ electrode provides a low energy barrier of about 0.36 eV in oxygen ion mobility, which is beneficent for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liwen Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Yan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Li K, Świerczek K, Winiarz P, Brzoza-Kos A, Stępień A, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Cichy K, Niemczyk A, Naumovich Y. Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Activity of the GdBa 0.5Sr 0.5Co 2-xCu xO 5+δ ( x ≥ 1) Oxygen Electrodes for Solid Oxide Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39578-39593. [PMID: 37558244 PMCID: PMC10450687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The A-site cation-ordered GdBa0.5Sr0.5Co2-xCuxO5+δ (GBSCC) double perovskites are evaluated regarding the development of high-performance oxygen electrodes for reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs). The aims are to maximally decrease the content of toxic and expensive cobalt by substitution with copper while at the same time improving or maintaining the required thermomechanical and electrocatalytic properties. Studies reveal that compositions with 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.15 are particularly interesting. Their thermal and chemical expansions are decreased, and sufficient transport properties are observed. Complementary density functional theory calculations give deeper insight into oxygen defect formation in the considered materials. Chemical compatibility with La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (GDC) solid electrolytes is evaluated. It is documented that the GdBa0.5Sr0.5Co0.9Cu1.1O5+δ oxygen electrode enables obtaining very low electrode polarization resistance (Rp) values of 0.017 Ω cm2 at 850 °C as well as 0.111 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, which is lower in comparison to that of GdBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO5+δ (respectively, 0.026 and 0.204 Ω cm2). Systematic distribution of relaxation times analyses allows studies of the electrocatalytic activity and distinguishing elementary steps of the electrochemical reaction at different temperatures. The rate-limiting process is found to be oxygen atom reduction, while the charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface is significantly better with LSGM. The studies also allow elaborating on the catalytic role of the Ag current collector as compared with Pt. The electrodes manufactured using materials with x = 1 and 1.1 permit reaching high power outputs, exceeding 1240 mW cm-2 at 850 °C and 1060 mW cm-2 at 800 °C, for the LSGM-supported cells, which can also work in the electrolysis mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyun Li
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Winiarz
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brzoza-Kos
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Stępień
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zhihong Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kacper Cichy
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Niemczyk
- Center for Hydrogen Technologies (CTH2), Institute of Power Engineering, ul. Augustowka 36, 02-981 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Power Engineering, ul. Mory 8, 01-330 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yevgeniy Naumovich
- Center for Hydrogen Technologies (CTH2), Institute of Power Engineering, ul. Augustowka 36, 02-981 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Power Engineering, ul. Mory 8, 01-330 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Hu P, Hu S, Du H, Liu Q, Guo H, Ma K, Li T. Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia over fibrous SmCoO 3 under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5697-5700. [PMID: 37083021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We report SmCoO3 nanofibers as an efficient catalyst for nitrate reduction to ammonia. This catalyst achieves a large NH3 yield of 14.4 mg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 81.3% at -1.0 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NaNO3, and it also displays excellent electrochemical durability and structural stability. Theoretical calculations indicate that Sm-O and Co-O bonds have an incredibly low adsorption energy of -0.1 eV, which can significantly reduce the applied potential and hence enhance the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiji Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Songjie Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongting Du
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Tingshuai Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Wu Y, Liu D, Le J, Zhuang H, Kuang Y. Pt Nanoparticle Assisted Homogeneous Surface Engineering of Polymer-Based Bulk-Heterojunction Photocathodes for Efficient Charge Extraction and Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206763. [PMID: 36599667 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To fabricate a high-efficiency bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-based photocathode, introducing suitable interfacial modification layer(s) is a crucial strategy. Surface engineering is especially important for achieving high-performance photocathodes because the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions at the photocathode/electrolyte interface are the rate-limiting process. Despite its importance, the influence of interfacial layer morphology regulation on PEC activity has attracted insufficient attention. In this work, RuO2 , with excellent conductivity, capacity and catalytic properties, is utilized as an interfacial layer to modify the BHJ layer. However, the homogeneous coverage of hydrophilic RuO2 on the hydrophobic BHJ surface is challenging. To address this issue, a Pt nanoparticle-assisted homogeneous RuO2 layer deposition method is developed and successfully applied to several BHJ-based photocathodes, achieving superior PEC performance compared to those prepared by conventional interface engineering strategies. Among them, the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/J71:N2200(Pt)/RuO2 photocathode generates the best photocurrent density of -9.0 mA cm-2 at 0 V with an onset potential of up to 1.0 V under AM1.5 irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Ningde, Fujian, 352100, China
| | - Deyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jiabo Le
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Huanglong Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Ningde, Fujian, 352100, China
| | - Yongbo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
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10
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Ma X, Bifano L, Fischerauer G. Evaluation of Electrical Impedance Spectra by Long Short-Term Memory to Estimate Nitrate Concentrations in Soil. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2172. [PMID: 36850769 PMCID: PMC9964299 DOI: 10.3390/s23042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the nitrate concentration in soil is crucial to guide the use of nitrate-based fertilizers. This study presents the characteristics of an impedance sensor used to estimate the nitrate concentration in soil based on the sensitivity of the soil dielectric constant to ion conductivity and on electrical double layer effects at electrodes. The impedance of synthetic sandy soil samples with nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranging from 0 to 15 mg/L was measured at frequencies between 20 Hz and 5 kHz and noticeable conductance and susceptance effects were observed. Long short-term memory (LSTM), a variant of recurrent artificial neural networks (RNN), was investigated with respect to its suitability to extract nitrate concentrations from the measured impedance spectra and additional physical properties of the soils, such as mass density and water content. Both random forest and LSTM were tested as feature selection methods. Then, numerous LSTMs were trained to estimate the nitrate concentrations in the soils. To increase estimation accuracy, hyperparameters were optimized with Bayesian optimization. The resulting optimal regression model showed coefficients of determination between true and predicted nitrate concentrations as high as 0.95. Thus, it could be demonstrated that the system has the potential to monitor nitrate concentrations in soils in real time and in situ.
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11
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Du H, Guo H, Wang K, Du X, Beshiwork BA, Sun S, Luo Y, Liu Q, Li T, Sun X. Durable Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia over Defective Pseudobrookite Fe 2 TiO 5 Nanofibers with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215782. [PMID: 36468550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We propose the pseudobrookite Fe2 TiO5 nanofiber with abundant oxygen vacancies as a new electrocatalyst to ambiently reduce nitrate to ammonia. Such catalyst achieves a large NH3 yield of 0.73 mmol h-1 mg-1 cat. and a high Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 87.6 % in phosphate buffer saline solution with 0.1 M NaNO3 , which is lifted to 1.36 mmol h-1 mg-1 cat. and 96.06 % at -0.9 V vs. RHE for nitrite conversion to ammonia in 0.1 M NaNO2 . It also shows excellent electrochemical durability and structural stability. Theoretical calculation reveals the enhanced conductivity of this catalyst and an extremely low free energy of -0.28 eV for nitrate adsorption at the presence of vacant oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Du
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaike Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangning Du
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Bayu Admasu Beshiwork
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsong Luo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingshuai Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuping Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
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12
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Huang J, Sullivan N, Zakutayev A, O’Hayre R. How reliable is distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis? A dual regression-classification perspective on DRT estimation, interpretation, and accuracy. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Zhu S, Liu D, Lv L, Le J, Zhou Y, Li J, Kuang Y. Charged matrix stabilized cobalt oxide electrocatalyst with extraordinary oxygen evolution performance at pH 7. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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A Medium Entropy Cathode with Enhanced Chromium Resistance for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Zamudio-García J, Caizán-Juanarena L, Porras-Vázquez JM, Losilla ER, Marrero-López D. Unraveling the Influence of the Electrolyte on the Polarization Resistance of Nanostructured La 0.6Sr 0.4Co 0.2Fe 0.8O 3-δ Cathodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3936. [PMID: 36432222 PMCID: PMC9696385 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large variations in the polarization resistance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathodes are reported in the literature, which are usually related to different preparation methods, sintering temperatures, and resulting microstructures. However, the influence of the electrolyte on the electrochemical activity and the rate-limiting steps of LSCF remains unclear. In this work, LSCF nanostructured electrodes with identical microstructure are prepared by spray-pyrolysis deposition onto different electrolytes: Zr0.84Y0.16O1.92 (YSZ), Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO), La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 (LSGM), and Bi1.5Y0.5O3-δ (BYO). The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte has a great influence on the electrochemical performance of LSCF due to the improved oxide ion transport at the electrode/electrolyte interface, as well as the extended ionic conduction paths for the electrochemical reactions on the electrode surface. In this way, the polarization resistance of LSCF decreases as the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte increases in the following order: YSZ > LSGM > CGO > BYO, with values ranging from 0.21 Ω cm2 for YSZ to 0.058 Ω cm2 for BYO at 700 °C. In addition, we demonstrate by distribution of relaxation times and equivalent circuit models that the same rate-limiting steps for the ORR occur regardless of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the influence of the current collector material on the electrochemical performance of LSCF electrodes is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrique R. Losilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - David Marrero-López
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Zamudio-García J, dos Santos-Gómez L, Porras-Vázquez JM, Losilla ER, Marrero-López D. Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells based on titanate nanocomposite electrodes. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Li M, Hou J, Fan Y, Xi X, Fu XZ, Luo JL. Interface modification of Ru-CeO2 co-infiltrated SFM electrode and construction of SDC/YSZ bilayer electrolyte for direct CO2 electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Enhanced sensing performance of the amperometric NO2 sensor by use of a mixed conductive porous layer. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Interpretation of impedance spectroscopy data requires both a description of the chemistry and physics that govern the system and an assessment of the error structure of the measurement. The approach presented here includes use of graphical methods to guide model development, use of a measurement model analysis to assess the presence of stochastic and bias errors, and a systematic development of interpretation models in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism and physical description. Application to corrosion, batteries, and biological systems is discussed, and emerging trends in interpretation and implementation of impedance spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005 Cedex 05, France
| | - Mark E Orazem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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20
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Modification of the Microstructure and Transport Properties of La2CuO4−δ Electrodes via Halogenation Routes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruddlesden–Popper type electrodes with composition La2CuO4−δ are alternative cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); however, the undoped compound exhibits low electrical conductivity for potential applications, which is usually increased by alkaline-earth doping. A promising alternative to alkaline-earth doping is the modification of the anionic framework by halogen doping. In this study, La2CuO4−0.5xAx (A = F, Cl, Br; x = 0–0.3) compounds are prepared by a freeze-drying precursor method, using an anion doping strategy. The composition, structure, morphology and electrical properties are studied to evaluate their potential use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The halogen-doped materials show higher electrical conductivity and improved electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions when compared to the pristine material, with polarization resistance values 2.5 times lower, i.e., 0.20, 0.11 and 0.08 Ω cm2 for undoped, F- and Cl-doped samples, respectively, at 800 °C. Moreover, halogen doping prevents superficial copper segregation in La2CuO4−δ, making it an attractive strategy for the development of highly efficient electrodes for SOFCs.
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Developing an Automated Tool for Quantitative Analysis of the Deconvoluted Electrochemical Impedance Response of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite being commercially available, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology requires further study to understand its physicochemical processes for diagnostics, prognostics, and quality assurance purposes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a widely used characterization technique for SOFCs, is often accompanied by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) as a method for deconvoluting the contribution of each physicochemical process from the aggregated impedance response spectra. While EIS yields valuable information for the operation of SOFCs, the quantitative analysis of the DRT and its shifts remains cumbersome. To address this issue, and to create a replicable benchmark for the assessment of DRT results, a custom tool was developed in MATLAB to numerically analyze the DRT spectra, identify the DRT peaks, and assess their deviation in terms of peak frequency and DRT amplitude from nominal operating conditions. The preliminary validation of the tool was carried out by applying the tool to an extensive experimental campaign on 23 SOFC button-sized samples from three production batches in which EIS measurements were performed in parametric operating conditions. It was concluded that the results of the automated analysis via the developed tool were in accordance with the qualitative analysis of previous studies. It is capable of providing adequate additional quantitative results in terms of DRT shifts for further analysis and provides the basis for better interoperability of DRT analyses between laboratories.
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Maradesa A, Py B, Quattrocchi E, Ciucci F. The probabilistic deconvolution of the distribution of relaxation times with finite Gaussian processes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Highly durable Sr-doped LaMnO3-based cathode modified with Pr6O11 nano-catalyst for protonic ceramic fuel cells based on Y-doped BaZrO3 electrolyte. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Holistic Approach to Design, Test, and Optimize Stand-Alone SOFC-Reformer Systems. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable electrical and thermal energy supplies are basic requirements for modern societies and their food supply. Stand-alone stationary power generators based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) represent an attractive solution to the problems of providing the energy required in both rural communities and in rurally-based industries such as those of the agricultural industry. The great advantages of SOFC-based systems are high efficiency and high fuel flexibility. A wide range of commercially available fuels can be used with no or low-effort pre-treatment. In this study, a design process for stand-alone system consisting of a reformer unit and an SOFC-based power generator is presented and tested. An adequate agreement between the measured and simulated values for the gas compositions after a reformer unit is observed with a maximum error of 3 vol% (volume percent). Theoretical degradation free operation conditions determined by employing equilibrium calculations are identified to be steam to carbon ratio (H2O/C) higher 0.6 for auto-thermal reformation and H2O/C higher 1 for internal reforming. The produced gas mixtures are used to fuel large planar electrolyte supported cells (ESC). Current densities up to 500 mA/cm2 at 0.75 V are reached under internal reforming conditions without degradation of the cells anode during the more than 500 h long-term test run. More detailed electrochemical analysis of SOFCs fed with different fuel mixtures showed that major losses are caused by gas diffusion processes.
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Insights in to the Electrochemical Activity of Fe-Based Perovskite Cathodes toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel oxygen reduction electrodes with superior electrocatalytic activity and CO2 durability is a major challenge for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, novel cobalt-free perovskite oxides, BaFe1−xYxO3−δ (x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) denoted as BFY05, BFY10, and BFY15, are intensively evaluated as oxygen reduction electrode candidate for solid oxide fuel cells. These materials have been synthesized and the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been investigated systematically. The BFY10 cathode exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance with a lowest polarization resistance of 0.057 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. Meanwhile, the single cells with the BFY05, BFY10 and BFY15 cathodes deliver the peak power densities of 0.73, 1.1, and 0.89 W cm−2 at 700 °C, respectively. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) are analyzed by means of distribution of relaxation time (DRT). The results indicate that the oxygen adsorption-dissociation process is determined to be the rate-limiting step at the electrode interface. In addition, the single cell with the BFY10 cathode exhibits a good long-term stability at 700 °C under an output voltage of 0.5 V for 120 h.
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Distribution of Characteristic Times: A High-Resolution Spectrum Approach for Visualizing Chemical Relaxation and Resolving Kinetic Parameters of Ionic-Electronic Conducting Ceramic Oxides. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface exchange coefficient (k) and bulk diffusion coefficient (D) are important properties to evaluate the performance of mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) ceramic oxides for use in energy conversion devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells. The values of k and D are usually estimated by a non-linear curve fitting procedure based on electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) measurement. However, the rate-limiting mechanism (or the availability of k and D) and the experimental imperfections (such as flush delay for gaseous composition change, τf) are not reflected explicitly in the time–domain ECR data, and the accuracy of k and D demands a careful sensitivity analysis of the fitting error. Here, the distribution of characteristic times (DCT) converted from time–domain ECR data is proposed to overcome the above challenges. It is demonstrated that, from the DCT spectrum, the rate-limiting mechanism and the effect of τf are easily recognized, and the values of k, D and τf can be determined conjunctly. A strong robustness of determination of k and D is verified using noise-containing ECR data. The DCT spectrum opens up a way towards visible and credible determination of kinetic parameters of MIEC ceramic oxides.
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