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Tawakey SH, Mansour M, Soltan A, Salim AI. Early detection of hypo/hyperglycemia using a microneedle electrode array-based biosensor for glucose ultrasensitive monitoring in interstitial fluid. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3958-3972. [PMID: 39015046 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease with a wide range of clinical symptoms and consequences and one of the main causes of death. For the management of diabetes, painless and continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose monitoring is ideal. Here, we demonstrate continuous diabetes monitoring using an integrated microneedle (MN) biosensor with an emergency alert system. MNs are a novel technique in the field of biomedical engineering because of their ability to analyze bioinformation with minimal invasion. In this work we developed a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based MN glucose sensor. The device was produced by the 3D printing technique, microfabrication, electrodeposition, and enzyme immobilization step. The in vitro test for the glucose MN sensor showed a linear range from 1.5 to 14 mM with a sensitivity of 1.51 μA mM-1, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 mM and good selectivity. Highly repeatable sensing is observed with good reproducibility. The interference-free detection of glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and mannose is demonstrated, along with the operational stability of the array. After resolving the biofouling consequences linked to on-body sensing, this MN platform would be appealing for minimally invasive electrochemical glucose monitoring. An alert is sent to confidants via email or SMS when the values are abnormal. The application is also able to display the recorded values in the form of a graph to help determine the state of health of the user over a period of time. It can be concluded that continuous monitoring and an emergency alert system are important for keeping an eye on diabetic patients and can send alert in case of an abnormal situation of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Tawakey
- Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, 12588, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Mansour
- Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, 12588, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soltan
- Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, 12588, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa I Salim
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, 12588, Giza, Egypt.
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Bachar O, Cohen R, Meirovich MM, Cohen Y, Yehezkeli O. Biotic-abiotic hybrids for bioanalytics and biocatalysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102943. [PMID: 37116411 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The advances in biotic-abiotic interfaced systems open new directions toward bioanalytics and biocatalysis applications. Conjugating the unique electronic and optic properties of nanoelements with the high selectivity and extraordinary catalytic abilities of biotic materials holds great promise to gain superior new features. Herein, we present a wide scope of biotic-abiotic research, with key examples for its utilization in bioanalytics applications as well as in biocatalysis. The described configurations feature methodologies that enable extending the known scientific toolbox to gain synergy. These new nanobiohybrids may contribute to major global challenges, for example, developing alternative energy utilization or new affordable biodiagnostics and therapeutics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Bachar
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Cohen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matan M Meirovich
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yifat Cohen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
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Zou Y, Chu Z, Guo J, Liu S, Ma X, Guo J. Minimally invasive electrochemical continuous glucose monitoring sensors: Recent progress and perspective. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115103. [PMID: 36724658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are seriously threatening the health and well-being of hundreds of millions of people. Glucose levels are essential indicators of the health conditions of diabetics. Over the past decade, concerted efforts in various fields have led to significant advances in glucose monitoring technology. In particular, the rapid development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) based on electrochemical sensing principles has great potential to overcome the limitations of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in continuously tracking glucose trends, evaluating diabetes treatment options, and improving the quality of life of diabetics. However, the applications of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors are still limited owing to the following aspects: i) invasiveness, ii) short lifespan, iii) biocompatibility, and iv) calibration and prediction. In recent years, the performance of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM systems (CGMSs) has been significantly improved owing to breakthrough developments in new materials and key technologies. In this review, we summarize the history of commercial CGMSs, the development of sensing principles, and the research progress of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors in reducing the invasiveness of implanted probes, maintaining enzyme activity, and improving the biocompatibility of the sensor interface. In addition, this review also introduces calibration algorithms and prediction algorithms applied to CGMSs and describes the application of machine learning algorithms for glucose prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zou
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengkang Chu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China; Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China; School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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An Oxygen-Insensitive Biosensor and a Biofuel Cell Device based on FMN L-lactate Dehydrogenase. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 149:108316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The Structure of Bilirubin Oxidase from Bacillus pumilus Reveals a Unique Disulfide Bond for Site-Specific Direct Electron Transfer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050258. [PMID: 35624560 PMCID: PMC9138216 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient oxygen-reducing biocatalysts are essential for the development of biofuel cells or photo-bioelectrochemical applications. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is a promising biocatalyst for oxygen reduction processes at neutral pH and low overpotentials. BOD has been extensively investigated over the last few decades. While the enzyme’s internal electron transfer process and methods to establish electrical communication with electrodes have been elucidated, a crystal structure of BOD from bacterial origin has never been determined. Here we present the first crystal structure of BOD from Bacillus pumilus (BpBOD) at 3.5 Å resolution. Overall, BpBOD shows high homology with the fungal enzymes; however, it holds a unique surface-exposed disulfide bond between Cys229 and Cys322 residues. We present methodologies to orient the T1 site towards the electrode by coupling the reduced disulfide bond with maleimide moiety on the electrodes. The developed configurations were further investigated and revealed improved direct electron transfer rates with the electrodes. The work presented here may contribute to the construction of rationally designed bioanodes or biocathode configurations that are based on redox-active enzymes.
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Li N, Sakamoto H, Takamura E, Zheng H, Suye SI. A high performance nanocomposite based bioanode for biofuel cell and biosensor application. Anal Biochem 2021; 631:114363. [PMID: 34478705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, to improve the current density and sensitivity for biofuel cell and glucose sensing application, a bioanode based on redox polymer (PEI-Fc) binding polydopamine (PDA) coated MWCNTs (PEI-Fc/PDA/MWCNTs) nanocomposite and glucose oxidase (GOD) was fabricated. PDA/MWCNTs nanocomposite was prepared by spontaneous self-polymerization of dopamine on MWCNTs surface and the PEI-Fc/PDA/MWCNTs nanocomposite was prepared by a simple self-assembly method. The PEI-Fc/PDA/MWCNTs nanocomposite and the resulting bioanode were fully characterized. A maximum current density of 0.73 mA cm-2 at the resulting bioanode was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at the scan rate of 50 mV s-1 with 20 mM glucose concentration. Moreover, a linear range up to 4 mM, a high sensitivity of 57.2 μA mM-1 cm-2, a fast response time reaching 95% of the steady current (2 s) and a low limit of detection (0.024 mM) were achieved. The amperometric method demonstrated both the sensitivity and the stability of the bioanode for glucose-sensing was improved by the employed PDA layer. Finally, the biosensor was used for glucose detection in human serum samples showing good recoveries. This study proposed an excellent functional material prepared by a facile self-assembled method for applying in biofuel cells and second-generation biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Takamura
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Haitao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, XiQing District, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
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Cohen R, Bitton RE, Herzallh NS, Cohen Y, Yehezkeli O. Utilization of FAD-Glucose Dehydrogenase from T. emersonii for Amperometric Biosensing and Biofuel Cell Devices. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11585-11591. [PMID: 34383460 PMCID: PMC8631703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FAD-GDH) are oxygen-independent enzymes with high potential to be used as biocatalysts in glucose biosensing applications. Here, we present the construction of an amperometric biosensor and a biofuel cell device, which are based on a thermophilic variant of the enzyme originated from Talaromyces emersonii. The enzyme overexpression in Escherichia coli and its isolation and performance in terms of maximal bioelectrocatalytic currents were evaluated. We examined the biosensor's bioelectrocatalytic activity in 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol-, thionine-, and dichloro-naphthoquinone-mediated electron transfer configurations or in a direct electron transfer one. We showed a negligible interference effect and good stability for at least 20 h for the dichloro-naphthoquinone configuration. The constructed biosensor was also tested in interstitial fluid-like solutions to show high bioelectrocatalytic current responses. The bioanode was coupled with a bilirubin oxidase-based biocathode to generate 270 μW/cm2 in a biofuel cell device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Cohen
- Faculty
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rachel E. Bitton
- Faculty
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nidaa S. Herzallh
- Faculty
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yifat Cohen
- Faculty
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Faculty
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Russell
Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The
Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Hassan MH, Vyas C, Grieve B, Bartolo P. Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4672. [PMID: 34300412 PMCID: PMC8309655 DOI: 10.3390/s21144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Bruce Grieve
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
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