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Kruse MI, Voloshin D, Wan M, Clarizio A, Bigham BL, Upadhye S. Care of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review. Ann Emerg Med 2021; 79:196-212. [PMID: 34785088 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This scoping review was conducted to collate and summarize the published research literature addressing sexual and gender minority care in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Using PRISMA-ScR criteria, an electronic search was conducted of CINAHL, Embase, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science for all studies that were published after 1995 involving sexual and gender minorities, throughout all life stages, presenting to an ED. We excluded non-US and Canadian studies and editorials. Titles and abstracts were screened, and full-text review was performed independently with 4 reviewers. Abstraction focused on study design, demographics, and outcomes, and the resulting data were analyzed using an ad hoc iterative thematic analysis. RESULTS We found 972 unique articles and excluded 743 after title and abstract screening. The remaining 229 articles underwent full-text review, and 160 articles were included. Themes identified were HIV in sexual and gender minorities (n=61), population health (n=46), provider training (n=29), ED avoidance or barriers (n=23), ED use (n=21), and sexual orientation/gender identity information collection (n=9). CONCLUSION The current literature encompassing ED sexual and gender minority care cluster into 6 themes. There are considerable gaps to be addressed in optimizing culturally competent and equitable care in the ED for this population. Future research to address these gaps should include substantial patient stakeholder engagement in all aspects of the research process to ensure patient-focused outcomes congruent with sexual and gender minority values and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Kruse
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Voloshin
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Wan
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Clarizio
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blair L Bigham
- Division of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Suneel Upadhye
- Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Dias NG, Ribeiro AI, Henriques A, Soares J, Hatzidimitriadou E, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, Lindert J, Sundin Ö, Toth O, Barros H, Fraga S. Intimate Partner Violence and Use of Primary and Emergency Care: The Role of Informal Social Support. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2020; 45:91-100. [PMID: 32393971 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social support may encourage victims to disclose their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), but also to seek the appropriate help and care in the social and health services. Using data from a multicenter European project, DOVE (Domestic Violence Against women/men in Europe-prevalence, determinants, effects, and policies/practices), the present study aimed at measuring the frequency of primary care and emergency use according to IPV types of victimization, and to investigate whether victims receiving different levels of informal social support are using health care differently. Results suggested a significant association between IPV types and use of emergency services, and no association was found regarding primary care services. Victims of physical abuse and sexual coercion went to the emergency department (ED) more frequently (more than once a year). Also, victims of physical abuse receiving low social support visited an ED more frequently than those with high social support, whereas victims of sexual coercion with high informal social support went more often to the ED compared with victims of sexual coercion with low social support, even after controlling for other covariates. These results seem to suggest that social support has a significant role in the decision to use health care among victims of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Geovana Dias
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Henriques
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Soares
- Department of Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Eleni Hatzidimitriadou
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jutta Lindert
- University of Applied Sciences Emden, Emden, Germany
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Olga Toth
- Institute of Sociology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrique Barros
- Department of Sciences of Public Health, Forensics, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; and president, EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Carlson M, Kamimura A, Al-Obaydi S, Trinh HN, Franchek-Roa K. Background and Clinical Knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence: A Study of Primary Care Residents and Medical Students at a United States Medical School. Health Equity 2017; 1:77-82. [PMID: 30283836 PMCID: PMC6071885 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that affects the physical and mental health of victims. However, residents and medical students may not receive adequate training to effectively identify and intervene with patients who may be victims of IPV. The purpose of this study is to examine the background and clinical knowledge of IPV among primary care residents and medical students in the United States of America. Methods: Third and fourth year medial students (n=65) and primary care residents (n=60) participated in an online survey in 2013. Results: While the majority of the participants reported IPV was an important and relevant issue for their practice, approximately half of them had never talked about IPV with patients. Residents reported higher levels of background and knowledge of IPV than medical students. Knowing a victim of IPV, confidence about talking to patients about IPV, and talking to patients about IPV would be helpful to increase levels of background and knowledge of IPV. Conclusions: This study found that background and clinical knowledge of IPV can potentially affect physicians' approach with IPV victims. This study also demonstrated the need for future research in the development of effective programs and trainings to help bridge the gap between knowledge and implementation in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Carlson
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Akiko Kamimura
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sarah Al-Obaydi
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ha Ngoc Trinh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kathy Franchek-Roa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Arkow P. Recognizing and responding to cases of suspected animal cruelty, abuse, and neglect: what the veterinarian needs to know. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2015; 6:349-359. [PMID: 30101120 PMCID: PMC6067667 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s87198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a "battered pets" syndrome, which put the veterinary profession on a parallel footing with its counterparts in human medicine who respond to battered children, women, and elders, expanded the veterinarian's role as an advocate for animals' welfare to include the recognition of, response to, and prevention of animal abuse. Professional policies and legislation in several nations have been amended to define these responsibilities and delineate appropriate responses when animal maltreatment or other forms of family violence are suspected. This article reviews these changes, discusses abuse as a matter of animal welfare and public health, and summarizes research describing animal abuse as a possible indicator and predictor of interpersonal violence. Five steps that helped build human health care's response to child abuse, domestic violence, and elder abuse, and that are analogous to forces in contemporary veterinary practice, are described. It familiarizes practitioners with terminology used in animal cruelty investigations. It describes clinical presentations, client profiles and behaviors, and environmental conditions that may raise a practitioner's index of suspicion of possible animal maltreatment. It reviews protocols that practitioners may employ to respond compassionately and effectively to suspected animal abuse and enhance successful law enforcement investigations and prosecutions. Such responses can unite human and veterinary medicine in a common concern for vulnerable, victimized, and at-risk populations and position veterinarians as an essential part of public health approaches to break the cycles of violence affecting animals and human members of the family and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Arkow
- National Link Coalition - The National Resource Center on The Link Between Animal Abuse and Human Violence, Stratford, NJ, USA,
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Martín-Baena D, Montero-Piñar I, Escribà-Agüir V, Vives-Cases C. Violence against young women attending primary care services in Spain: prevalence and health consequences. Fam Pract 2015; 32:381-6. [PMID: 25977133 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a significant number of studies assessing the negative health consequences of violence against women. However, a limited number of studies analyse the health consequences of violence committed against young women by different types of aggressors. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to assess the prevalence of interpersonal violence against young women in Spain and analyse its impact on the physical and mental health of the victims. METHODS A total of 1076 women aged 18-25 years attending Spanish primary care services were selected. We estimated the prevalence of interpersonal violence and compared the health data and demographic characteristics of abused and non-abused young women, multi-logistic regression models were fitted. The Wald test was used to assess whether there were differences in the negative health consequences of intimate partner (IPV) versus non-IPV. RESULTS As many as 27.6% young women reported a history of abuse, of whom 42.7% had been assaulted by their partner, 41.1% by someone other than their partner and 16.2% both by their partner and another person. The distribution of social and demographic characteristics was similar for IPV and non-IPV victims. Young abused women were three times more likely to suffer psychological distress and have somatic complaints, and they were four times more likely to use medication as compared to non-abused women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that all forms of violence compromise young women's health seriously. Including patients' history of abuse in their health record may help make more informed clinical decisions and provide a more integrated care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Baena
- Department of Health Inequalities, Epidemiology and Public Health Network Biomedical Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,
| | - Isabel Montero-Piñar
- Department of Health Inequalities, Epidemiology and Public Health Network Biomedical Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Escribà-Agüir
- Department of Health Inequalities, Epidemiology and Public Health Network Biomedical Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Department of Health Inequality, Health Promotion and Biomedical Research Foundation (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain and
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Department of Health Inequalities, Epidemiology and Public Health Network Biomedical Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Department of Public Health, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Strangulation is a unique and particularly gendered form of nonfatal intimate partner violence, affecting 10 times as many women as men. Medical research documents multiple negative health outcomes of such victimization, and in the past decade nearly 30 U.S. states have enacted laws making nonfatal strangulation a felony. We extended prior work by using grounded theory in a qualitative study to explore women’s experiences of, thoughts about, and reactions to being strangled. Each of the 17 mostly well-educated and African American domestic violence shelter residents had been strangled at least once by an intimate partner; most had survived multiple strangulations. Despite other severe abuse and a high level of fear, all were shocked that their partner strangled them. Participants reported an intense sense of vulnerability when they recognized during the assault how easily they could be killed by their partner. Nonetheless, they seemed to think of strangulation, not as a failed murder attempt, but as a way to exert power. Efforts to extricate themselves from a “choking” largely failed and resistance resulted in an escalation of the violence. Moreover, strangulation is difficult to detect which, as participants observed, makes it especially useful to the abuser. The aftereffects permeated the relationship such that strangulation need not be repeated in order for her to be compliant and submissive, thus creating a context of coercive control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manisha Joshi
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan B. Sorenson
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kamimura A, Parekh A, Olson LM. Health Indicators, Social Support, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Utilizing Services at a Community Organization. Womens Health Issues 2013; 23:e179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clements PT, Holt KE, Hasson CM, Fay-Hillier T. Enhancing assessment of interpersonal violence (IPV) pregnancy-related homicide risk within nursing curricula. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2011; 7:195-202. [PMID: 22123040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-3938.2011.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy and motherhood traditionally represent evolution of the next generation; yet, contemporary research and analyses confirm that this time can also be manifested in fear by the expectant mother within an environment of battering, cruelty, physical and emotional abuse, and sexual assault. Often to the surprise of many healthcare providers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have consistently reported that Interpersonal Violence (IPV) related homicide is a leading cause of traumatic death among new and expectant mothers. In spite of these staggering statistical and anecdotal findings, universal screening for violence during pregnancy continues to be minimal. Forensic nurses might be prompted to respond to the consequences of violence and its resultant negative effects on expectant mothers by strategically incorporating systematic and consistent assessment into foundational nursing curricula regarding IPV as a leading risk factor for injury or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thomas Clements
- Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Joshi M, Sorenson SB. Intimate partner violence at the scene: incident characteristics and implications for public health surveillance. EVALUATION REVIEW 2010; 34:116-136. [PMID: 20233999 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x09360323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using data that, to our knowledge, have not been used before for this purpose, we examined 9,231 opposite-sex intimate partner violence (IPV) calls for law enforcement assistance recorded in the Compstat system of a large U.S. city. Although women were the predominant victims, injuries were documented more often for men. Only about 1% of incidents were considered a restraining order violation, although many orders were active in the city at the time. The data appeared to be of good quality and just a few changes in recording procedures would increase Compstat's usefulness for public health in U.S. cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Joshi
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kindness A, Kim H, Alder S, Edwards A, Parekh A, Olson LM. Court compliance as a predictor of postadjudication recidivism for domestic violence offenders. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2009; 24:1222-1238. [PMID: 18768740 DOI: 10.1177/0886260508322197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated pre- and postadjudication behavior of 220 male defendants convicted of a domestic violence-related offense using court records and police department data. Our goal was the identification of possible predictors for continued criminal behavior that could pose a risk of further harm to victims. Factors identified as significant predictors of defendant recidivism were having two or more court reports of noncompliance with domestic violence treatment, two or more warrants issued by the court for noncompliance, and two or more reports to law enforcement of new criminal activity involving the defendant. Law enforcement reports were the strongest predictor of recidivism, with an odds ratio of 7.7 and confidence interval of 3.0-19.7. These results illustrate the importance of monitoring multiple dimensions of defendant behavior while under court supervision and of communicating information on noncompliance with victims and advocates to assist in safety planning efforts.
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Ernst AA, Weiss SJ, Hall J, Clark R, Coffman B, Goldstein L, Hobley K, Dettmer T, Lehrman C, Merhege M, Corum B, Rihani T, Valdez M. Adult intimate partner violence perpetrators are significantly more likely to have witnessed intimate partner violence as a child than nonperpetrators. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27:641-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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