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Alonso Ecenarro F, Puchades Gimeno F, Climent Díaz B. Cycas revoluta intoxication. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 163:104-105. [PMID: 38702274 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alonso Ecenarro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Francesc Puchades Gimeno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - Benjamín Climent Díaz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
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2
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Parak M, Asgari A, Hasani Nourian Y, Ghanei M. A review of poisoning with various types of biotoxins and its common clinical symptoms. Toxicon 2024; 240:107629. [PMID: 38336277 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biotoxins are toxic substances that originate from living organisms and are harmful to humans. Therefore, we need to know the symptoms of biotoxins poisoning to manage the damage. The purpose of this study is to establish a practical diagnostic protocol for dealing with poisoned patients exposed to biotoxins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a review study. Our studied community is articles and books matching the title of the project and relevant keywords. First, by searching the key words sign, symptom, biotoxins, relevant articles were extracted and studied from valid databases. By reviewing the studies based on the search strategy, four groups of biotoxins that were studied the most were identified. These four groups are marine biotoxins, bacterial biotoxins, fungal biotoxins and plant biotoxins. In each of these biotoxin groups, important toxins were selected and studied. RESULTS A total of 1864 articles were initially identified from the databases searched in present study. After screening titles and abstracts, 26 articles were included in the systematic review. Specifically, 7 articles were included for bacterial toxins, 9 articles for marine toxins, 5 articles for plant toxins and 5 articles for fungal toxins. CONCLUSION The symptoms of plant biotoxins poisoning may include cardiovascular, hematologic, neurologic, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while the symptoms of fungal biotoxins poisoning may include hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, metabolic, respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms. marine biotoxins poisoning presents with gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, with varying incubation periods and recovery times. bacterial biotoxins exposure can lead to a wide range of clinical symptoms, with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common, and hemoglobinuria or hematuria being a sensitive and specific clinical manifestation for diagnosing ongoing HUS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Parak
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Rodríguez-Usaquén A, Sutachan JJ, Villarreal W, Costa GM, Acero Mondragon EJ, Ballesteros-Ramírez R, Albarracín SL. Sub-acute toxicity evaluation of aqueous leaf extract from Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis (Gulupa) in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:396-404. [PMID: 37955035 PMCID: PMC10632121 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae) comprises about 500 species. The Passiflora edulis stands out because of its economic and medicinal importance. It is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, especially in South America, the Caribbean, South Africa, and Asia. The aqueous extract of Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis (Gulupa) leaves is used in traditional medicine for its soothing and tranquilizing effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, evaluating its safety for human use is a fundamental requirement to continue the development of new therapies within the framework of regulatory, preclinical, and clinical guidelines. Here, the sub-acute toxicity study was conducted following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 407 for 28 days in Wistar albino rats. The study showed that 1000 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract in 10 adult Wistar rats (five males and five females) was well tolerated. The hematological results are at normal levels. However, monocytopenia and eosinopenia were observed with a significant difference (P < 0,05) for both male and female rats treated with the aqueous extract of Passiflora edulis. The results show that liver and kidney function profiles were conserved. However, an increase in ALT is observed with significant differences between male and female rats treated with the extract compared to the controls. Study findings were limited to non-adverse histopathological results of a slightly increased incidence of focal periportal lymphocytic infiltrate in the liver and focal corticomedullary nephrocalcinosis in the kidney compared to control. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Passiflora edulis has a good safety profile in oral administration, was well tolerated, and did not cause any lethality or adverse effects in the sub-acute toxicity study in male and female rats. The NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for the 28-day subacute toxicity study was considered to be 1000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rodríguez-Usaquén
- Grupo de Bioquímica Experimental y Computacional, Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Jairo Sutachan
- Grupo de Bioquímica Experimental y Computacional, Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilson Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Geison M Costa
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ricardo Ballesteros-Ramírez
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Luz Albarracín
- Grupo de Bioquímica Experimental y Computacional, Laboratorio de Neurobioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Çavuşoğlu K, Çavuşoğlu D. Investigation of the potential role of fusicoccin, a fungal phytotoxin, in mitigating salt stress in onion roots. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9801. [PMID: 37328634 PMCID: PMC10275882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusicoccin is a diterpene glycoside that plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Fusicoccin produced by Fusicoccum amydali fungus is known to affect plant growth positively with external applications due to its potential to stimulate the tolerance system of plants under stress conditions. In this study, it was aimed to reduce the negative effects of salt (0.15 M NaCl) stress on the germination and growth of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs by external fusicoccin (3 µM) application. For this purpose, the germination percentage, root length, root number, fresh weight, mitotic activity, micronucleus frequency, chromosomal abnormality, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte accumulation, cell membrane damage and root anatomical structure were investigated in the current study. Salt stress caused a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in all examined parameters. External application of fusicoccin to onion bulbs germinated under salt stress conditions was found to be promising as a plant growth promoter and mitosis stimulator. In addition, fusicoccin application alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress on the chromosome structure and root anatomical structure and protected the cells from the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of salt. Moreover, this application contributed to the fight against reactive oxygen species of onion plant and increased salt tolerance by regulating the accumulation of osmolyte substances such as proline and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and by minimizing cell membrane damage in root cells. In conclusion, this study showed that exogenous application of 3 µM fusicoccin reduced the damage caused by oxidative stress in onion bulbs and served for healthy germination and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürşat Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Çavuşoğlu
- Atabey Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
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5
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Çavuşoğlu D. Modulation of NaCl-induced osmotic, cytogenetic, oxidative and anatomic damages by coronatine treatment in onion (Allium cepa L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:1580. [PMID: 36709377 PMCID: PMC9884239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronatine (COR), a bacterial phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae, plays important roles in many plant growth processes. Onion bulbs were divided four groups to investigate the effects of COR against sodium chloride (NaCl) stress exposure in Allium cepa L. root tips. While control group bulbs were soaked in tap water medium, treatment group bulbs were grown in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 µM COR and 0.01 µM COR + 0.15 M NaCl medium, respectively. NaCl stress seriously inhibited the germination, root lenght, root number and fresh weight of the bulbs. It significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI), whereas dramatically increased the micronucleus (MN) frequency and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). Moreover, in order to determine the level of lipid peroxidation occurring in the cell membrane, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured and it was determined that it was at the highest level in the group germinated in NaCl medium alone. Similarly, it was revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and free proline contents in the group germinated in NaCl medium alone were higher than the other groups. On the other hand, NaCl stress caused significant injuries such as epidermis/cortex cell damage, MN formation in epidermis/cortex cells, flattened cells nuclei, unclear vascular tissue, cortex cell wall thickening, accumulation of certain chemical compounds in cortex cells and necrotic areas in the anatomical structure of bulb roots. However, exogenous COR application significantly alleviated the negative effects of NaCl stress on bulb germination and growth, antioxidant defense system, cytogenetic and anatomical structure. Thus, it has been proven that COR can be used as a protective agent against the harmful effects of NaCl on onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Plant Protection Program, Atabey Vocational High School, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey.
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6
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Khoshnam‐Rad N, Heydari M, Mohammadi K, Mashayekhi M, Sahraei Z, Gholami K. Datura poisoning in a family: Case series and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6091. [PMID: 35903511 PMCID: PMC9314559 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Datura spp. is a potentially poisonous plant that is widely spread and is simply accessible, which can yield poisoning with a central and peripheral anticholinergic effect. We reported cases of family poisoning caused by the herbal tea with refreshing effects that were identified as Datura spp. Datura spp. and many other complementary medicine products are potentially poisonous or could cause adverse effects or interact with prescribed medications. The herbal medicine business is not well regulated and has the potential to cause significant harm. Physicians must routinely gain a history of the use of herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshnam‐Rad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Marziyeh Heydari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojgan Mashayekhi
- Drug and Poison Information Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Sahraei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Kheirollah Gholami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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7
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Ul Haq I, Ahmad T, Khan T, Shah AJ. Antihypertensive effect and the underlying mechanisms of action of phytolaccagenin in rat models. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:557-566. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2079671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Çavuşoğlu D. Powerful toxic activity of citrinin, a fungal phytotoxin, and its mode of action in onion cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6205-6218. [PMID: 34448135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dose-related effects of citrinin (CTN) on various physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters using Allium cepa L. bulbs as a test material were researched in the present study. The physiological parameters examinated were fresh weight, root length, root number, and germination percentage; the cytogenetic parameters were micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosome aberration (CA), and mitotic index (MI); the biochemical parameters were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and free proline contents. And the anatomical changes in root tip cells were investigated by cross-sections. For this aim, onion bulbs were splitted four groups as three applications and one control. The bulbs in the control group were treated with distilled water; the bulbs in the application groups were treated with 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM doses of CTN for 7 days. CTN application caused a decrease in the physiological parameters compared to the control group. This treatment created an increase in the frequency of MN and CA, and a reduce in the MI. In addition, it induced a dose-dependent increase in CAT and SOD activities and MDA and proline contents compared to the control group. Moreover, after CTN application, anatomical changes such as flattened nucleus, cell wall thickening, and cell deformation were identified and it was found that these changes reached their maximum at 10 mg/L dose CTN. Concequently, CTN caused inhibitory effects and the Allium test material was found to be a useful bioindicator for monitoring these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Atabey Vocational High School, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey.
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9
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A hemlock salad: a case report of super-refractory status epilepticus after accidental hemlock ingestion. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4335-4339. [PMID: 34189661 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Bendel GS, Hiller HM, Ralston A. Nicotine Toxicity Secondary to Aftermarket Modifications to a Vaping Device. Mil Med 2021; 187:e1007-e1010. [PMID: 34114039 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes continue to rise in popularity as a reportedly safe alternative to standard cigarette smoking. Their use has become common in our society and specifically in our young active duty population. This cigarette smoking alternative has come under recent scrutiny with the discovery of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury. However, there is another potential risk associated with vaping: the relative ease at which vaping devices can be modified has allowed a growing community of users to invent novel ways of delivering higher concentrations of nicotine. Here, we describe two cases of active duty patients who presented to an emergency department with clinical nicotine toxicity after using a heavily modified e-cigarette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Bendel
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA
| | - Hugh M Hiller
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA
| | - Aaron Ralston
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA
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11
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Browne DT, Aguilo-Seara G, DeFranzo A. The Black Locust Tree: Toxalbumin-Induced Tissue Necrosis of the Upper Extremity. Cureus 2020; 12:e11758. [PMID: 33409007 PMCID: PMC7779141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 48-year-old male who developed tissue necrosis and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis in his right upper extremity after sustaining a puncture injury from a large black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) splinter. Blood and intraoperative wound cultures revealed Streptococcus constellatus and Eikenella corrodens infection. The treatment consisted of IV antibiotics, fasciotomy, and multiple debridements, which left a 30 x 5-cm defect, requiring negative pressure wound therapy with Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (Integra Lifesciences, Plainsboro Township, NJ) and, ultimately, split-thickness skin grafts. Although uncommon, plastic surgeons should be aware of tissue necrosis associated with robin toxalbumin in cases of black locust tree puncture wounds. Robin toxalbumin causes cellular death by inhibiting protein synthesis. In this patient, the toxalbumin from the black locust tree fragment led to extensive tissue necrosis, serving as the nidus for necrotizing fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Browne
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Gabriela Aguilo-Seara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Anthony DeFranzo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
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Erenler AK, Baydin A, Duran L, Yardan T, Turkoz B. A Case of Respiratory Failure Due to Poison Hemlock Poisoning Presented to an Emergency Department. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is one of the most poisonous plants in the world. Accidental ingestion of the plant could result in central nervous system depression, respiratory failure and even death. Airway and breathing management followed by fluid resuscitation is the mainstay of treatment. Poison hemlock poisoning is an important differential diagnosis for patients with impaired consciousness and respiratory failure after plant ingestion in areas of natural habitat for the plant. Early and proper diagnosis is vital for patients with poison hemlock poisoning. In this report, we present a case of life-threatening poisoning due to taking the poison hemlock mistaken for Helichrysum arenarium.
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Valle E, Vergnano D, Nebbia C. Suspected Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana l.) Poisoning as the Cause of Progressive Cachexia in a Shetland Pony. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Konca C, Kahramaner Z, Bosnak M, Kocamaz H. Hemlock (Conium Maculatum) Poisoning In A Child. Turk J Emerg Med 2016; 14:34-6. [PMID: 27331163 PMCID: PMC4909876 DOI: 10.5505/1304.7361.2013.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is a plant that is poisonous for humans and animals. Accidental ingestion of the plant may result in central nervous system depression, respiratory failure, acute rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and even death. The main treatment of hemlock poisoning is supportive care. The case of a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of burning sensation in mouth, hypersalivation, tremor in hands and ataxia after ingestion of poison hemlock is presented here with clinical and laboratory features. In this case, we aim to report that accidental ingestion of plants resembling vegetables that are consumed daily can lead to serious complications and even death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capan Konca
- Department of Pediatrics, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman
| | - Zelal Kahramaner
- Department of Pediatrics, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman
| | - Mehmet Bosnak
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep
| | - Halil Kocamaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziantep Children Health and Diseases Hospital, Gaziantep
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Martínez Monseny A, Martínez Sánchez L, Margarit Soler A, Trenchs Sainz de la Maza V, Luaces Cubells C. Poisonous plants: An ongoing problem. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Tóxicos vegetales: un problema aún vigente. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 82:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Chen DP, Xiong YJ, Tang ZY, Yao QY, Ye DM, Liu SS, Lin Y. Characteristics of deslanoside-induced modulation on jejunal contractility. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5889-96. [PMID: 23139604 PMCID: PMC3491595 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i41.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the dual effects of deslanoside on the contractility of jejunal smooth muscle.
METHODS: Eight pairs of different low and high contractile states of isolated jejunal smooth muscle fragment (JSMF) were established. Contractile amplitude of JSMF in different low and high contractile states was selected to determine the effects of deslanoside, and Western blotting analysis was performed to measure the effects of deslanoside on myosin phosphorylation of jejunal smooth muscle.
RESULTS: Stimulatory effects on the contractility of JSMF were induced (45.3% ± 4.0% vs 87.0% ± 7.8%, P < 0.01) by deslanoside in 8 low contractile states, and inhibitory effects were induced (180.6% ± 17.8% vs 109.9% ± 10.8%, P < 0.01) on the contractility of JSMF in 8 high contractile states. The effect of deslanoside on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain of JSMF in low (78.1% ± 4.1% vs 96.0% ± 8.1%, P < 0.01) and high contractile state (139.2% ± 8.5% vs 105.5 ± 7.34, P < 0.01) was also bidirectional. Bidirectional regulation (BR) was abolished in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Deslanoside did not affect jejunal contractility pretreated with the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil or in a Ca2+-free assay condition. The stimulatory effect of deslanoside on JSMF in a low contractile state (low Ca2+ induced) was abolished by atropine. The inhibitory effect of deslanoside on jejunal contractility in a high contractile state (high Ca2+ induced) was blocked by phentolamine, propranolol and L-NG-nitro-arginine, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Deslanoside-induced BR is Ca2+ dependent and is related to cholinergic and adrenergic systems when JSMF is in low or high contractile states.
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Iglesias-Lepine ML, Mariñosa M, Ferrer-Da Pena MD, Epelde F. El resurgir de las daturas y las brugmansias como drogas recreacionales. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139:90-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Vohra R, Seefeld A, Cantrell FL, Clark RF. Salvia divinorum: exposures reported to a statewide poison control system over 10 years. J Emerg Med 2009; 40:643-50. [PMID: 19765944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia divinorum, a hallucinogenic herb, has in recent years become popular among teenagers and young adults. Salvia is presently marketed as a "legal" alternative to other drugs of abuse, but little is known about the clinical toxicity of this substance. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and demographic features of this emerging substance of recreational abuse using data obtained from the records of a poison control center. METHODS We performed retrospective review of exposures to the herbal hallucinogen Salvia divinorum as reported to the California Poison Control System (CPCS) over the last 10 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected and compiled from the computerized records of the CPCS for the search terms "salvia" and "sage." RESULTS There were 37 exposures to S. divinorum and 96 exposures to non-hallucinogenic Salvia species. Eighteen (49%) of the exposures were to S. divinorum alone. Intentional Salvia exposures resulted in a variety of neurologic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal effects. Notably, the use of concomitant substances of abuse was associated with a high rate of complications and psychomotor disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Intentional use of S. divinorum, whether alone or in combination with alcoholic beverages and other drugs, causes neurologic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal effects. This poison-center-based review helps to characterize the clinical toxicity of S. divinorum, but more clinical and pharmacologic research is warranted for this rapidly emerging substance of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rais Vohra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gottignies P, El Hor T, Tameze JK, Basaula Lusinga A, Devriendt J, Lheureux P, De Bels D. Successful treatment of monkshood (aconite napel) poisoning with magnesium sulfate. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27:755.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Forbey JS, Harvey AL, Huffman MA, Provenza FD, Sullivan R, Tasdemir D. Exploitation of secondary metabolites by animals: A response to homeostatic challenges. Integr Comp Biol 2009; 49:314-28. [PMID: 21665822 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icp046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose that the exploitation of the bioactive properties of secondary metabolites (SMs) by animals can provide a "treatment" against various challenges that perturb homeostasis in animals. The unified theoretical framework for the exploitation of SMs by animals is based on a synthesis of research from a wide range of fields and although it is focused on providing generalized predictions for herbivores that exploit SMs of plants, predictions can be applied to understand the exploitation of SMs by many animals. In this review, we argue that the probability of SM exploitation is determined by the relative difference between the cost of a homeostatic challenge and the toxicity of the SM and we provide various predictions that can be made when considering behavior under a homeostatic perspective. The notion that animals experience and respond to costly challenges by exploiting therapeutic SMs provides a relatively novel perspective to explain foraging behavior in herbivores, specifically, and behavior of animals in general. We provide evidence that animals can exploit the biological activity of SMs to mitigate the costs of infection by parasites, enhance reproduction, moderate thermoregulation, avoid predation, and increase alertness. We stress that a better understanding of animal behavior requires that ecologists look beyond their biases that SMs elicit punishment and consider a broader view of avoidance or selection of SMs relative to the homeostatic state. Finally, we explain how understanding exploitation of SMs by animals could be applied to advance practices of animal management and lead to discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Forbey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Sterling J. Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4210-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest will be abstracted monthly regarding a broad scope of topics. Suggestions or comments may be addressed to: Jacyntha Sterling, Drug Information Specialist at Saint Francis Hospital, 6161 S Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 or e-mail: jasterling@saintfrancis.com .
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