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Bojarczuk A, Egorova ES, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Ahmetov II. Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:236-257. [PMID: 38455434 PMCID: PMC10915602 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Phygital Education and Innovative Sports Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Gene–Environment Interaction on Type 2 Diabetes Risk among Chinese Adults Born in Early 1960s. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040645. [PMID: 35456451 PMCID: PMC9024429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gene–environment interactions on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk are studied little among Chinese adults. Aim: This study aimed to explore the interactions among Chinese adults born in early 1960s. Methods: The interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental factors on T2D risk were analyzed by multiple linear or logistic regression models, and in total 2216 subjects were included with the age of 49.7 ± 1.5 years. Results: High dietary intake increased the effects of rs340874 on impaired fasting glucose (IFG), rs5015480, rs7612463 on T2D (OR = 2.27, 2.37, 11.37, respectively), and reduced the effects of rs7172432 on IFG, rs459193 on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (OR = 0.08, 0.28, respectively). The associations between rs4607517 and T2D, rs10906115 and IGT, rs4607103, rs5015480 and IFG could be modified by drinking/smoking (OR = 2.28, 0.20, 3.27, 2.58, respectively). Physical activity (PA) interacted with rs12970134, rs2191349, rs4607517 on T2D (OR = 0.39, 3.50, 2.35, respectively), rs2796441 and rs4607517 on IGT (OR = 0.42, 0.33, respectively), and rs4430796, rs5215, and rs972283 on IFG (OR = 0.39, 3.05, 7.96, respectively). Significant interactions were identified between socioeconomic status and rs10830963, rs13266634 on T2D (OR = 0.41, 0.44, respectively), rs1470579 and rs2796441 on IGT (OR = 2.13, 2.37, respectively), and rs7202877 and rs7612463 on IFG (OR = 5.64, 9.18, respectively). Conclusion: There indeed existed interactions between environmental factors and genetic variants on T2D risk among Chinese adults.
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Luna-Castillo KP, Olivares-Ochoa XC, Hernández-Ruiz RG, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, Betancourt-Núñez A, Vizmanos B, Martínez-López E, Muñoz-Valle JF, Márquez-Sandoval F, López-Quintero A. The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Hypertriglyceridemia: From Public Health to Molecular Nutrition Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051104. [PMID: 35268076 PMCID: PMC8912493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25–50% of the population worldwide exhibits serum triglycerides (TG) (≥150 mg/dL) which are associated with an increased level of highly atherogenic remnant-like particles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and pancreatitis risk. High serum TG levels could be related to cardiovascular disease, which is the most prevalent cause of mortality in Western countries. The etiology of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is multifactorial and can be classified as primary and secondary causes. Among the primary causes are genetic disorders. On the other hand, secondary causes of HTG comprise lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and drugs. Among lifestyle changes, adequate diets and nutrition are the initial steps to treat and prevent serum lipid alterations. Dietary intervention for HTG is recommended in order to modify the amount of macronutrients. Macronutrient distribution changes such as fat or protein, low-carbohydrate diets, and caloric restriction seem to be effective strategies in reducing TG levels. Particularly, the Mediterranean diet is the dietary pattern with the most consistent evidence for efficacy in HTG while the use of omega-3 supplements consumption is the dietary component with the highest number of randomized clinical trials (RCT) carried out with effective results on reducing TG. The aim of this review was to provide a better comprehension between human nutrition and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Xochitl Citlalli Olivares-Ochoa
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Rocío Guadalupe Hernández-Ruiz
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Iris Monserrat Llamas-Covarrubias
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Saraí Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-S.); (A.L.-Q.); Tel.: +52-(33)1058-5200 (ext. 33644 or 33704) (F.M.-S.)
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-S.); (A.L.-Q.); Tel.: +52-(33)1058-5200 (ext. 33644 or 33704) (F.M.-S.)
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