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Ning P, Han Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Sun Z, Wang X, Wang B, Gao F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Chen G, Li X. Study on disinfection effect of a 222-nm UVC excimer lamp on object surface. AMB Express 2023; 13:102. [PMID: 37752386 PMCID: PMC10522550 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective disinfection of contaminated surfaces is essential for preventing the transmission of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the UV irradiance and wavelength distribution of a 222-nm ultraviolet C (UVC) excimer lamp and its disinfection efficacy against microorganisms in laboratory conditions. By using a carrier quantitative germicidal test with stainless steel sheets as carriers, we examined the disinfection effect of the 222-nm UVC lamp on three standard strains-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested the disinfection efficacy under different conditions by adjusting irradiation time, as well as the state and temperature of the stainless steel carriers. Our results indicated that a bacterial suspension in PBS and not-dried stainless steel carriers yielded better disinfection than in TSB and dried carriers. Additionally, carrier temperature had no significant impact on disinfection efficacy. When utilizing a bacterial suspension in PBS and non-dried carriers at a temperature of 20 °C, the three bacteria were eliminated by 222-nm UVC excimer lamp irradiation in just 15 s. In contrast, when using a bacterial suspension in TSB and dried carriers at temperatures of 20 °C, 4 °C, or - 20 °C, the three bacteria were eradicated by 222-nm UVC excimer lamp irradiation in 60 s. Comparatively, the LPM lamp required more than 10 min to achieve the same disinfection effect. Our data demonstrate that the 222-nm UVC excimer lamp has higher irradiance and a more potent microbial disinfection effect than the LPM lamp, requiring significantly less irradiation time to achieve the same disinfection effect under identical conditions. Furthermore, the 222-nm UVC excimer lamp exhibited a substantial disinfection effect on bacterial propagules at low temperatures. Our findings support the optimization of "tunnel-type" cold-chain goods disinfection devices, providing an alternative, highly efficient, and practical tool to combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through cold-chain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Ning
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
| | - Yanzhen Han
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal, Plant and Foodstuffs Inspection Centre of Tianjin Customs, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhili Sun
- Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Baiqi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Tianjin Bureau of Commerce, Tianjin, 300040, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, 300011, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
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Li P, Ke X, Leng D, Lin X, Yang W, Zhang H, Tian C, Xu H, Chen Q. High-Intensity Ultraviolet-C Irradiation Efficiently Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Under Typical Cold Chain Temperature. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:123-130. [PMID: 36890342 PMCID: PMC9994784 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 contaminated items in the cold chain becomes a threat to public health, therefore the effective and safe sterilization method fit for the low temperature is needed. Ultraviolet is an effective sterilization method while its effect on SARS-CoV-2 under low-temperature environment is unclear. In this research, the sterilization effect of high-intensity ultraviolet-C (HIUVC) irradiation against SARS-CoV-2 and Staphylococcus aureus on different carriers at 4 °C and - 20 °C was investigated. The results showed that dose of 15.3 mJ/cm2 achieved more than 3 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 on gauze at 4 °C and - 20 °C. The vulnerability of coronavirus to HIUVC under - 20 °C was not significantly different than those under 4 °C. Four models including Weibull, biphasic, log-linear tail and log linear were used to fit the survival curves of SARS-CoV-2 and Staphylococcus aureus. The biphasic model fitted best with R2 ranging from 0.9325 to 0.9878. Moreover, the HIUVC sterilization correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and Staphylococcus aureus was established. This paper provides data support for the employment of HIUVC under low-temperature environment. Also, it provides a method of using Staphylococcus aureus as a marker to evaluate the sterilization effect of cold chain sterilization equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianliang Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Leng
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenling Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Changqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Dai H, Tang H, Sun W, Deng S, Han J. It is time to acknowledge coronavirus transmission via frozen and chilled foods: Undeniable evidence from China and lessons for the world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161388. [PMID: 36621479 PMCID: PMC9814272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the broke out of the novel coronavirus disease at the end of 2019, nearly 650 million people have been infected around the globe, and >6.6 million have died from this disease. The first wave of infections in mainland China had been effectively controlled within a short period, with no domestic cases of infection for 56 consecutive days from April 16, 2020. Nonetheless, the re-emergence of several outbreaks in multiple Chinese cities posed a new challenge for public health authorities after new cases of infections were found in Xinfadi Market in Beijing on June 11, 2020. In the following series of re-emergent outbreaks, findings from epidemiological investigations suggested that more than twenty re-emergent outbreaks were caused by fomite transmission, predominantly via imported frozen and chilled foods contaminated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Seven of the eleven incidents involving frozen and chilled foods were identified by screening individuals with occupational exposure to imported cold-chain foods and associated individuals. Evidence showed that low temperatures and poor ventilation typically maintained through cold-chain logistics create amenable environments for the survival of SARS-CoV-2, making transnational cold chain logistics a congenial vehicle to spread the virus through global transport of consumer goods. To address this gap, here we present a scrutiny of the findings from epidemiological investigations in recent re-emergent outbreaks in China caused by fomite transmission via imported foods and goods. A national regime of traceable cold-chain foods and reinforced customs inspection protocols were established by public health authorities in mainland China as emergency responses to recurring outbreaks from fomite transmission via imported goods. We urge that more attention needs to be given to this specific route of pathogenic transmission to ensure biosecurity and to increase the preparedness for epidemic or pandemic scenarios by the global food industry and logistics carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Biological Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Shihai Deng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
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Peng S, Li G, Lin Y, Guo X, Xu H, Qiu W, Zhu H, Zheng J, Sun W, Hu X, Zhang G, Li B, Pathak JL, Bi X, Dai J. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation environments and the efficacy of disinfection measures. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1170505. [PMID: 37153150 PMCID: PMC10154586 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1170505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low temperature is conducive to the survival of COVID-19. Some studies suggest that cold-chain environment may prolong the survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and increase the risk of transmission. However, the effect of cold-chain environmental factors and packaging materials on SARS-CoV-2 stability remains unclear. Methods This study aimed to reveal cold-chain environmental factors that preserve the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and further explore effective disinfection measures for SARS-CoV-2 in the cold-chain environment. The decay rate of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in the cold-chain environment, on various types of packaging material surfaces, i.e., polyethylene plastic, stainless steel, Teflon and cardboard, and in frozen seawater was investigated. The influence of visible light (wavelength 450 nm-780 nm) and airflow on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus at -18°C was subsequently assessed. Results Experimental data show that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus decayed more rapidly on porous cardboard surfaces than on nonporous surfaces, including polyethylene (PE) plastic, stainless steel, and Teflon. Compared with that at 25°C, the decay rate of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was significantly lower at low temperatures. Seawater preserved viral stability both at -18°C and with repeated freeze-thaw cycles compared with that in deionized water. Visible light from light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and airflow at -18°C reduced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus stability. Conclusion Our studies indicate that temperature and seawater in the cold chain are risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and LED visible light irradiation and increased airflow may be used as disinfection measures for SARS-CoV-2 in the cold-chain environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Peng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojie Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyin Lin
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Qiu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Janak L. Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Dai, ; Xinhui Bi, ; Janak L. Pathak,
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Dai, ; Xinhui Bi, ; Janak L. Pathak,
| | - Jianwei Dai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Dai, ; Xinhui Bi, ; Janak L. Pathak,
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Zou Y, Guo J, Liu Y, Du Y, Pu Y, Wang D. Process intensified synthesis of luminescent poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene- alt-benzothiadiazole) and polyvinyl alcohol based shape memory polymeric nanocomposite sensors toward cold chain logistics information monitoring. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent shape memory polymeric nanocomposite sensors prepared using poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) and polyvinyl alcohol for cold chain logistics information monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzuo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingzhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yudi Du
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Pu
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Wang Z, Liang Z, Wei R, Wang H, Cheng F, Liu Y, Meng S. Quantitative determination of the electron beam radiation dose for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation to decontaminate frozen food packaging. Virol Sin 2022; 37:823-830. [PMID: 36309306 PMCID: PMC9605788 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from cold-chain foods to frontline workers poses a serious public health threat during the current global pandemic. There is an urgent need to design concise approaches for effective virus inactivation under different physicochemical conditions to reduce the risk of contagion through viral contaminated surfaces of cold-chain foods. By employing a time course of electron beam exposure to a high titer of SARS-CoV-2 at cold-chain temperatures, a radiation dose of 2 kGy was demonstrated to reduce the viral titer from 104.5 to 0 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL. Next, using human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) as a suitable SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, 3 kGy of high-energy electron radiation was defined as the inactivation dose for a titer reduction of more than 4 log units on tested packaging materials. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to test three viral genes, namely, E, N, and ORF1ab. There was a strong correlation between TCID50 and RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, RT-qPCR could not differentiate between the infectivity of the radiation-inactivated and nonirradiated control viruses. As the defined radiation dose for effective viral inactivation fell far below the upper safe dose limit for food processing, our results provide a basis for designing radiation-based approaches for the decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 in frozen food products. We further demonstrate that cell-based virus assays are essential to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficiency for the decontaminating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhentao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongguo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- China Isotope and Radiaton Corporation, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changchun CNNC CIRC Radiation Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,Corresponding author
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7
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Liu Y, Shao Y, Wang L, Lu W, Li S, Xu D, Fu YV. Inactivation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with electron beam irradiation under cold chain conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022; 27:102715. [PMID: 35694201 PMCID: PMC9169434 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The many instances of COVID-19 outbreaks suggest that cold chains are a possible route for the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, owing to the low temperatures of cold chains, which are normally below 0 °C, there are limited options for virus inactivation. Here, high-energy electron beam (E-beam) irradiation was used to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) under simulated cold chain conditions. This coronavirus was used as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. The possible mechanism by which high-energy E-beam irradiation inactivates PEDV was also explored. An irradiation dose of 10 kGy reduced the PEDV infectious viral titer by 1.68-1.76 log10TCID 50 / 100 μ L in the cold chain environment, suggesting that greater than 98.1% of PEDV was inactivated. E-beam irradiation at 5-30 kGy damaged the viral genomic RNA with an efficiency of 46.25%-92.11%. The integrity of the viral capsid was disrupted at 20 kGy. The rapid and effective inactivation of PEDV at temperatures below freezing indicates high-energy E-beam irradiation as a promising technology for disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 in cold chain logistics to limit the transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weilai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Diandou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Vincent Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Li L, Li T, Shen J, Sun H, Duan H, Zhu C, Zhang W, Liang C, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang L. Preliminary Study of Pulsed Ultraviolet Technology for Low-Temperature Disinfection. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:347-352. [PMID: 35548321 PMCID: PMC9081888 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the feasibility of pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light technology for low-temperature disinfection, a series of experiments were conducted. Methods Pulsed UV technology’s effectiveness in disinfecting Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli on different carriers were studied under varying temperatures.
Results Under different temperatures and constant radiation illumination (i.e., distance), the disinfection effect was correlated with irradiation time; among the three carriers, the disinfection effect of cloth sheets was the best, followed by stainless steel sheets, and corrugated paper sheet. The disinfection effect on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli was better than that on Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus overall.
Discussion Temperature has a limited effect on pulsed UV disinfection. Irradiation times and carrier types are influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shen
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Duan
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changping Zhu
- Chengdu Gecko Medical Technology Co., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- National Institute of Environment Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Liubo Zhang,
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