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Ma M, Zhu X, Li F, Guan G, Hui R, Zhu L, Pang H, Zhang Y. Associations of urinary volatile organic compounds with cardiovascular disease among the general adult population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38523395 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2331732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study was to estimate the associations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure with the prevalence of total and specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the general adult population. This cross-sectional study analyzed 15 urinary VOC metabolites in the general population using the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 5,213). The weighted study population with 47.0 years median age, was primarily female (51.2%). The prevalence of total CVD in the overall population was 7.9%. The single-exposure analyzes of AAMA, ATCA, CEMA, CYMA, DHBMA, 3HPMA, and 3MHA +4MHA were significantly associated with increased prevalence of total CVD. Qgcomp regression consistently showed that urinary VOCs-mixed exposure was positively correlated with the prevalence of total and specific CVDs (chronic heart failure, angina, and stroke), and highlighted each VOCs metabolite weights and direction. The similar results were observed for the WQS regression using mixed analysis methods. In conclusion, exposure to VOCs increases CVD prevalence and advances the identification of risk factors for CVD for environmental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Ma
- Department of Cadre Physical Examination Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feipeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huayin People's Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongchang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Qu J, Xia W, Qian X, Wu Y, Li J, Wen S, Xu S. Geographic distribution and time trend of human exposure of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among different age groups based on global biomonitoring data. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132115. [PMID: 34826892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite being restricted by many authorities, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is still widely detected in the environment and biospecimens. To indentify populations of high risk and evaluate the effects of DEHP restrictions, we elucidated the geographic distribution of DEHP exposure levels among pregnant women and different age groups, and compared the time trend of exposure levels with the time course of productions/restrictions. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated based on biomonitoring data in published epidemiological studies, and then the group EDI (EDIG) was calculated for one particular population, region, or period by weighting EDIs by sample sizes. Overall, 144,965 samples from 45 nations were included, with the sampling time ranging from 1982 to 2017. Children had the highest exposure level (5.50 μg/kg bw/day) worldwide, while infants and pregnant women had low levels (2.13 and 1.89 μg/kg bw/day, respectively). The EDIGs varied considerably between countries, and the majority of corresponding hazard quotients were less than 1; however, the risk behind can not be ignored. In the general population, the DEHP exposure level showed a downtrend from 4.40 μg/kg bw/day before 2000 to 2.23 μg/kg bw/day in 2015-2017. In the European Union, the annual trend of DEHP EDIGs of children and adults fitted the production and consumption volume, and the EDIGs decreased more sharply in children. The EDIGs of children decreased with a delay along with the regulations on the use of DEHP. Cutting productions/consumptions and restrictions are effective to reduce DEHP exposure, but current efforts are far from enough on a worldwide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Qu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qian
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Application of a combined aggregate exposure pathway and adverse outcome pathway (AEP-AOP) approach to inform a cumulative risk assessment: A case study with phthalates. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104855. [PMID: 32278033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in measurement and modeling capabilities are providing unprecedented access to estimates of chemical exposure and bioactivity. With this influx of new data, there is a need for frameworks that help organize and disseminate information on chemical hazard and exposure in a manner that is accessible and transparent. A case study approach was used to demonstrate integration of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) and Aggregate Exposure Pathway (AEP) frameworks to support cumulative risk assessment of co-exposure to two phthalate esters that are ubiquitous in the environment and that are associated with disruption of male sexual development in the rat: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). A putative AOP was developed to guide selection of an in vitro assay for derivation of bioactivity values for DEHP and DnBP and their metabolites. AEPs for DEHP and DnBP were used to extract key exposure data as inputs for a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict internal metabolite concentrations. These metabolite concentrations were then combined using in vitro-based relative potency factors for comparison with an internal dose metric, resulting in an estimated margin of safety of ~13,000. This case study provides an adaptable workflow for integrating exposure and toxicity data by coupling AEP and AOP frameworks and using in vitro and in silico methodologies for cumulative risk assessment.
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Dodson RE, Udesky JO, Colton MD, McCauley M, Camann DE, Yau AY, Adamkiewicz G, Rudel RA. Chemical exposures in recently renovated low-income housing: Influence of building materials and occupant activities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 109:114-127. [PMID: 28916131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities in low-income communities may be linked to residential exposures to chemicals infiltrating from the outdoors and characteristics of and sources in the home. Indoor sources comprise those introduced by the occupant as well as releases from building materials. To examine the impact of renovation on indoor pollutants levels and to classify chemicals by predominant indoor sources, we collected indoor air and surface wipes from newly renovated "green" low-income housing units in Boston before and after occupancy. We targeted nearly 100 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including phthalates, flame retardants, fragrance chemicals, pesticides, antimicrobials, petroleum chemicals, chlorinated solvents, and formaldehyde, as well as particulate matter. All homes had indoor air concentrations that exceeded available risk-based screening levels for at least one chemical. We categorized chemicals as primarily influenced by the occupant or as having building-related sources. While building-related chemicals observed in this study may be specific to the particular housing development, occupant-related findings might be generalizable to similar communities. Among 58 detected chemicals, we distinguished 25 as primarily occupant-related, including fragrance chemicals 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB). The pre- to post-occupancy patterns of the remaining chemicals suggested important contributions from building materials for some, including dibutyl phthalate and xylene, whereas others, such as diethyl phthalate and formaldehyde, appeared to have both building and occupant sources. Chemical classification by source informs multi-level exposure reduction strategies in low-income housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Dodson
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| | - Julia O Udesky
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| | - Meryl D Colton
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martha McCauley
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - David E Camann
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Alice Y Yau
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
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Moreau M, Leonard J, Phillips KA, Campbell J, Pendse SN, Nicolas C, Phillips M, Yoon M, Tan YM, Smith S, Pudukodu H, Isaacs K, Clewell H. Using exposure prediction tools to link exposure and dosimetry for risk-based decisions: A case study with phthalates. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1194-1201. [PMID: 28672700 PMCID: PMC6084441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A few different exposure prediction tools were evaluated for use in the new in vitro-based safety assessment paradigm using di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) as case compounds. Daily intake of each phthalate was estimated using both high-throughput (HT) prediction models such as the HT Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation model (SHEDS-HT) and the ExpoCast heuristic model and non-HT approaches based on chemical specific exposure estimations in the environment in conjunction with human exposure factors. Reverse dosimetry was performed using a published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for phthalates and their metabolites to provide a comparison point. Daily intakes of DEHP and DnBP were estimated based on the urinary concentrations of their respective monoesters, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), reported in NHANES (2011-2012). The PBPK-reverse dosimetry estimated daily intakes at the 50th and 95th percentiles were 0.68 and 9.58 μg/kg/d and 0.089 and 0.68 μg/kg/d for DEHP and DnBP, respectively. For DEHP, the estimated median from PBPK-reverse dosimetry was about 3.6-fold higher than the ExpoCast estimate (0.68 and 0.18 μg/kg/d, respectively). For DnBP, the estimated median was similar to that predicted by ExpoCast (0.089 and 0.094 μg/kg/d, respectively). The SHEDS-HT prediction of DnBP intake from consumer product pathways alone was higher at 0.67 μg/kg/d. The PBPK-reverse dosimetry-estimated median intake of DEHP and DnBP was comparable to values previously reported for US populations. These comparisons provide insights into establishing criteria for selecting appropriate exposure prediction tools for use in an integrated modeling platform to link exposure to health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Moreau
- Scitovation, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Jeremy Leonard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Katherine A Phillips
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Jerry Campbell
- Ramboll Environ, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Salil N Pendse
- Scitovation, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- Scitovation, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Sherrie Smith
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Harish Pudukodu
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Kristin Isaacs
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Harvey Clewell
- Scitovation, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States
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Zhang C, Gong P, Ye Y, Zhang L, Chen M, Hu Y, Gu A, Chen S, Wang Y. NF-κB-vimentin is involved in steroidogenesis stimulated by mono-butyl phthalate in primary cultured ovarian granulosa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:25-30. [PMID: 28735033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and its active metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP) are the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals. Many studies indicated the effects of MBP on male steroidogenesis, however, little attention have been paid on the effects of low levels of MBP on female steroidogenesis. This study was aimed to assess steroidogenesis stimulated by low-dose MBP on primary cultured ovarian granulosa cells (mGCs). Ovarian granulosa cells were isolated from ICR female mice. Hormone levels in medium were detected by ELISA, mRNA and protein expressions of vimentin, NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (p-p65) were assayed by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Besides, confocal immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used for detecting vimentin expression and activity of NF-κB p65 binding to the promoter of vimentin, respectively. Progesterone levels, mRNA and protein levels of vimentin and p-p65 in cells were increased significantly in mGCs treated by MBP at 10-10M. Additionally, MBP-induced steroidogenesis was blocked when vimentin protein was knocked down or activity of NF-κB was inhibited. EMSA assay showed that binding activity of NF-κB to the promoter regions of vimentin was boosted after MBP exposure. Accordingly, the results suggested that MBP could up-regulated steroidogenesis through NF-κB-vimentin signal in mGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Pan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yan Ye
- Donghai Town Community Health Service Center, Qidong County, Jiangsu Province 226253, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Minjian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Aihua Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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7
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Shin HM, McKone TE, Bennett DH. Model framework for integrating multiple exposure pathways to chemicals in household cleaning products. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:829-839. [PMID: 27859724 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a screening-level exposure-assessment method which integrates exposure from all plausible exposure pathways as a result of indoor residential use of cleaning products. The exposure pathways we considered are (i) exposure to a user during product use via inhalation and dermal, (ii) exposure to chemical residues left on clothing, (iii) exposure to all occupants from the portion released indoors during use via inhalation and dermal, and (iv) exposure to the general population due to down-the-drain disposal via inhalation and ingestion. We use consumer product volatilization models to account for the chemical fractions volatilized to air (fvolatilized ) and disposed down the drain (fdown-the-drain ) during product use. For each exposure pathway, we use a fate and exposure model to estimate intake rates (iR) in mg/kg/d. Overall, the contribution of the four exposure pathways to the total exposure varies by the type of cleaning activities and with chemical properties. By providing a more comprehensive exposure model and by capturing additional exposures from often-overlooked exposure pathways, our method allows us to compare the relative contribution of various exposure routes and could improve high-throughput exposure assessment for chemicals in cleaning products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - T E McKone
- Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Gong M, Weschler CJ, Liu L, Shen H, Huang L, Sundell J, Zhang Y. Phthalate metabolites in urine samples from Beijing children and correlations with phthalate levels in their handwipes. INDOOR AIR 2015; 25:572-81. [PMID: 25557639 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Little attention has been paid to dermal absorption of phthalates even though modeling suggests that this pathway may contribute meaningfully to total uptake. We have concurrently collected handwipe and urine samples from 39 Beijing children (5-9 years) for the purpose of measuring levels of five phthalates in handwipes, corresponding concentrations of eight of their metabolites in urine, and to subsequently assess the contribution of dermal absorption to total uptake. In summer sampling, DEHP was the most abundant phthalate in handwipes (median: 1130 μg/m(2) ), while MnBP was the most abundant metabolite in urine (median: 232 ng/ml). We found significant associations between the parent phthalate in handwipes and its monoester metabolite in urine for DiBP (r = 0.41, P = 0.01), DnBP (r = 0.50, P = 0.002), BBzP (r = 0.48, P = 0.003), and DEHP (r = 0.36, P = 0.03). Assuming that no dermal uptake occurred under clothing-covered skin, we estimate that dermal absorption of DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, and DEHP contributed 6.9%, 4.6%, 6.9%, and 3.3%, respectively, to total uptake. Assuming that somewhat attenuated dermal uptake occurred under clothing-covered skin, these estimates increase to 19%, 14%, 17%, and 10%. The results indicate that absorption from skin surfaces makes a meaningful contribution to total phthalate uptake for children and should be considered in future risk assessments. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study indicates that children’s hands acquire substantial amounts of various phthalates. The levels measured in handwipes, although higher, are somewhat representative of levels on other body locations. Via dermal absorption, as well as hand-to-mouth activity, phthalates on hands and other body locations contribute to the overall body burden of these compounds. Dermal absorption from air and contact transfer from surfaces is expected to occur for many SVOCs commonly found indoors (e.g. bisphenols, synthetic musks, organophosphates). However, the dermal pathway has often been neglected in exposure assessments of indoor pollutants. Knowledge regarding phthalates and other SVOCs in handwipes can facilitate our understanding of risks and aid in the mitigation of adverse health effects resulting from indoor exposures. To make progress toward these goals, further studies are necessary, including investigations of phthalate level variability in skinwipes collected at different locations on the body and the impact of clothing on dermal absorption from air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gong
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - C J Weschler
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - L Liu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - H Shen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Sundell
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Shin HM, Ernstoff A, Arnot JA, Wetmore BA, Csiszar SA, Fantke P, Zhang X, McKone TE, Jolliet O, Bennett DH. Risk-Based High-Throughput Chemical Screening and Prioritization using Exposure Models and in Vitro Bioactivity Assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6760-71. [PMID: 25932772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a risk-based high-throughput screening (HTS) method to identify chemicals for potential health concerns or for which additional information is needed. The method is applied to 180 organic chemicals as a case study. We first obtain information on how the chemical is used and identify relevant use scenarios (e.g., dermal application, indoor emissions). For each chemical and use scenario, exposure models are then used to calculate a chemical intake fraction, or a product intake fraction, accounting for chemical properties and the exposed population. We then combine these intake fractions with use scenario-specific estimates of chemical quantity to calculate daily intake rates (iR; mg/kg/day). These intake rates are compared to oral equivalent doses (OED; mg/kg/day), calculated from a suite of ToxCast in vitro bioactivity assays using in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation and reverse dosimetry. Bioactivity quotients (BQs) are calculated as iR/OED to obtain estimates of potential impact associated with each relevant use scenario. Of the 180 chemicals considered, 38 had maximum iRs exceeding minimum OEDs (i.e., BQs > 1). For most of these compounds, exposures are associated with direct intake, food/oral contact, or dermal exposure. The method provides high-throughput estimates of exposure and important input for decision makers to identify chemicals of concern for further evaluation with additional information or more refined models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- †Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexi Ernstoff
- ‡Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- §Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ∥ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4 , Canada
- ⊥Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- #Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- ∇The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan A Csiszar
- §Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter Fantke
- ‡Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Xianming Zhang
- ○Harvard School of Public Health and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Thomas E McKone
- ◆Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 , United States
- ¶School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- §Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- †Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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