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Martin L, Simpson K, Brzezinski M, Watt J, Xu W. Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38685063 PMCID: PMC11057139 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic accumulation in the environment is rapidly increasing, and nanoplastics (NP), byproducts of environmental weathering of bulk plastic waste, pose a significant public health risk. Particles may enter the human body through many possible routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. However, studies on NP penetration and accumulation in human skin are limited. Loss or reduction of the keratinized skin barrier may enhance the skin penetration of NPs. The present study investigated the entry of NPs into a human skin system modeling skin with compromised barrier functions and cellular responses to the intracellular accumulations of NPs. Two in vitro models were employed to simulate human skin lacking keratinized barriers. The first model was an ex vivo human skin culture with the keratinized dermal layer (stratum corneum) removed. The second model was a 3D keratinocyte/dermal fibroblast cell co-culture model with stratified keratinocytes on the top and a monolayer of skin fibroblast cells co-cultured at the bottom. The penetration and accumulation of the NPs in different cell types were observed using fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cellular responses of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells to stress induced by NPs stress were measured. The genetic regulatory pathway of keratinocytes to the intracellular NPs was identified using transcript analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. The cellular uptake of NPs by skin cells was confirmed by imaging analyses. Transepidermal transport and penetration of NPs through the skin epidermis were observed. According to the gene expression and pathway analyses, an IL-17 signaling pathway was identified as the trigger for cellular responses to internal NP accumulation in the keratinocytes. The transepidermal NPs were also found in co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells and resulted in a large-scale transition from fibroblast cells to myofibroblast cells with enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin and pro-Collagen Ia. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and cell activation may result in skin inflammation and ultimately trigger immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Molly Brzezinski
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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Lopes-Ferreira M, Farinha LRL, Costa YSO, Pinto FJ, Disner GR, da Rosa JGDS, Lima C. Pesticide-Induced Inflammation at a Glance. TOXICS 2023; 11:896. [PMID: 37999548 PMCID: PMC10675742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of studies reporting the risks of the exposure to pesticides aligned with the intensified use of such hazardous chemicals has emerged as a pressing contemporary issue, notably due to the potential effects to both the environment and human health. Pesticides, while broadly applied in modern agriculture for pest control and crop protection, have raised concerns due to their unintended effects on non-target organisms. The immune system exerts a key role in the protection against the exposome, which could result in cellular imbalances and tissue damage through the inflammatory response. Pesticides, which encompass a diverse array of chemicals, have been linked to inflammation in experimental models. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the increasing concern over the risks of pesticide exposure focusing on the effects of various chemical classes on inflammation by covering, as broadly as possible, different experimental approaches as well as the multiple or co-exposure of pesticides. Overall, pesticides potentially induce inflammation in different experimental models, manifested through skin irritation, respiratory impairment, or systemic effects. The connection between pesticides and inflammation highlights the importance of proper handling and regulation of these substances and underscores the need for research into safer and sustainable practices to reduce our reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (L.R.L.F.); (Y.S.O.C.); (F.J.P.); (G.R.D.); (J.G.d.S.d.R.); (C.L.)
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Chatterjee K, Alka, Kumar S, Sharma RK, Kumari P. Effective Removal of Nitrogenous Pesticides from Water Using Functionalized Calix[4]arene‐Decorated Magnetite Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushiki Chatterjee
- Bioorganic material research laboratory Department of Chemistry Deshbandhu College University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences Amity University 201313 Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Alka
- Bioorganic material research laboratory Department of Chemistry Deshbandhu College University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Bioorganic material research laboratory Department of Chemistry Deshbandhu College University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 India
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi New Delhi 110007 India
| | | | - Pratibha Kumari
- Bioorganic material research laboratory Department of Chemistry Deshbandhu College University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 India
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Aggarwal M, Chikwana E, Corvaro M. A proposed NAM-based tiered phototoxicity testing and human risk assessment framework for agrochemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 135:105250. [PMID: 36007800 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phototoxicity testing is required by European regulations for agrochemicals with UV/visible molar extinction/absorption coefficient (MEC) higher than 10 L x mol-1 x cm-1 in the 290-700 nm wavelength range. Furthermore, regulations identify a need of considering human exposure in case of positive results. While in vitro OECD test guidelines are available for hazard characterisation, there is no guidance on how to utilise positive results in human exposure risk assessments. Our goal was to take a first step towards developing a NAM based tiered testing approach and a framework for non-dietary acute human dermal risk assessment for phototoxicity to agrochemicals. The proposed framework can be divided into a few steps: 1) use the OECD updated MEC values of 1000 L x mol-1 x cm-1 as trigger for phototoxicity testing; 2) establish a reference concentration (RfC) from in vitro phototoxicity studies using BMC approach, 3) estimate potential exposure to skin, target organ for phototoxicity, using EFSA exposure models, product specific labels and skin penetration values, and 4) phototoxicity risk assessment; 5) refinement to RfC and/or exposure estimates can be considered. Finally, case studies of a nematicide and an herbicide active substance are provided to illustrate the proposed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Aggarwal
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
| | - Edward Chikwana
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
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Bhalla V, Devi M, Sharma P, Kumar A, Kaur S, Kumar M. ESIPT Active Assemblies for 'On-On' Detection, Cell Imaging and Hampering Cellular Activity of 2, 6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101219. [PMID: 34942037 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NIR-emissive ESIPT active PBI-keto/enol assemblies have been developed for the detection of 2, 6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCN). These assemblies show 'on-on' optical response towards DCN due to combined ESIPT-AIEE phenomenon with a detection limit of 1.65 nM. The potential of PBI-keto/enol assemblies to detect DCN has also been explored in grapes juice/grape residue, and soil for six consecutive days. Further, the biological applications of PBI-keto/enol assemblies to detect DCN in blood serum and to image DCN in live cells and to restrict the DCN induced cell death has been demonstrated in MG-63 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bhalla
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Chemistry, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry,, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, AMRITSAR, INDIA
| | - Minakshi Devi
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Botanical and Enviormental Sciences, INDIA
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of botanical and environmental sciences, INDIA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Guru Nanak Dev University Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Amritsar, INDIA
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Alam R, Ardiati FC, Solihat NN, Alam MB, Lee SH, Yanto DHY, Watanabe T, Kim S. Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of anthraquinone dyes by Trametes hirsuta D7 immobilized in light expanded clay aggregate and cytotoxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124176. [PMID: 33131941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation and metabolic pathways of three anthraquinone dyes, Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), Remazol Brilliant Blue - R (RBBR), and Acid Blue 129 (AB129) by Trametes hirsuta D7 fungus immobilized in light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) were investigated. Morphological characteristics observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed successful immobilization of the fungus in LECA. Based on UV absorbance measurement, immobilized T. hirsuta D7 effectively degraded 90%, 95%, and 96% of RB4, RBBR and AB129, respectively. Metabolites were identified with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and degradation pathway of the dyes by T. hirsuta D7 was proposed. Toxicity assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) showed that anthraquinone dyes exhibits significant toxicity of 35%, 40%, and 34% reduction of cell viability by RB4, RBBR, and AB129, respectively. Fungal treatment resulted in an abatement of the toxicity and cell viability was increased up to 94%. The data clearly showed the effectiveness of immobilized T. hirsuta D7 in LECA on detoxification of anthraquinone dyes. This study provides potential and fundamental understanding of wastewater treatment using the newly isolated fungus T. hirsuta D7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Fenny Clara Ardiati
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Republic of Indonesia.
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Converging Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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He J, Evans NM, Liu H, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Shao S. UV treatment for degradation of chemical contaminants in food: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1857-1886. [PMID: 33486857 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the degradation of chemical contaminants in food products has gained more and more interest in the past two decades. The majority of the research in this field was on mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins and patulin, with limited studies on pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in food. These studies have been focused on identifying the structure and toxicity of degradation products, investigating the influence of UV treatment factors on the degradation efficiency, determining the impact of UV treatment on the quality of food products, and developing updated UV treatment methods such as TiO2 induced photocatalytic degradation. The summary of published literatures provided insights into future research opportunities in this area, which include determining a standard for the UV treatment description, working with naturally contaminated samples rather than artificially spiked samples, conducting pilot plant or industrial scale studies, examining more targets and conducting multi-targets studies, and developing more innovative methods for UV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Natasha Marie Evans
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Xu W, Vebrosky EN, Armbrust KL. Potential toxic effects of 4-OH-chlorothalonil and photodegradation product on human skin health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122575. [PMID: 32289622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil (CHT) is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been detected in various ecosystems along with its degradation products. A primary intermediate product of degradation, 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (4-OH-CHT) has demonstrated toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the toxic effects of 4-OH-CHT on human health and the impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity remain unclear. To understand the environmental modification on the toxicity of 4-OH-CHT to human health, we used a three-dimensional human skin culture model. 4-OH-CHT and irradiated 4-OH-CHT were applied to the model for the dermatoxicity analyses. Although neither the 4-OH-CHT nor the irradiated 4-OH-CHT inhibited the cell proliferation, the 4-OH-CHT significantly attenuated the keratinocyte migration by 26% at a concentration of 20 ppb and by 44 % at 100 ppb. The 4-OH-CHT also demonstrated inhibitory effects on keratinocyte differentiation at both 20 ppb and 100 ppb. In contrast, photodegraded 4-OH-CHT did not show inhibitory effects on the migration and differentiation of the keratinocytes at any concentration. Similarly, the 4-OH-CHT treated 3D keratinocyte culture dramatically activated the co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells by increasing the production of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pro-Collagen Iα. The mRNA levels of these two proteins were upregulated by 1.13 and 10.97 folds with the stimulation of 100 ppb 4-OH-CHT. The protein level of pro-Collagen Iα in dermal fibroblast cells was increased by 68 % with 100 ppb 4-OH-CHT. The photodegraded 4-OH-CHT failed to activate the co-cultured fibroblast cells. The 4-OH-CHT also enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in keratinocytes compared to the photodegraded products. These results suggest that exposure to environmental 4-OH-CHT could increase the risk of inflammatory skin diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
| | - Emily N Vebrosky
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kevin L Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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