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Wu R, Sin EYY, Zhang K, Xu S, Ruan Y, Mak YL, Yung YK, Sun SWC, Yang R, Lam PKS. Medicating the coast in a metropolitan city: Enantiomeric profiles and joint probabilistic risk assessment of antidepressants and antihistamines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108434. [PMID: 38237506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are receiving increasing attention as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of 11 antidepressants, 6 antihistamines and 4 metabolites in treated wastewater effluents, rivers, stormwater, and seawater in Hong Kong, with special focus on chirality. The average levels of ∑pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.525 to 1070 ng/L in all samples and the total annual mass load of target pharmaceuticals in the marine environment of Hong Kong was 756 kg/y. Antihistamines accounted for >80 % of ∑pharmaceuticals, with diphenhydramine and fexofenadine being predominant. The occurrence and enantiomeric profiles of brompheniramine and promethazine sulfoxide were reported in global natural waters for the first time. Among chiral pharmaceuticals, mirtazapine and fexofenadine exhibited R-preference, while others mostly exhibited S-preference, implying that the ecological risks derived from achiral data for chiral pharmaceuticals may be biased. The joint probabilistic risk assessment of fluoxetine revealed that R-fluoxetine and rac-fluoxetine presented different ecological risks from that of S-fluoxetine; Such assessment also revealed that target pharmaceuticals posed only minimal to low risks, except that diphenhydramine posed an intermediate risk. As estimated, 10 % aquatic species will be affected when the environmental level of diphenhydramine exceeds 7.40 ng/L, which was seen in 46.9 % samples. Collectively, this study highlights further investigations on the enantioselectivity of chiral pharmaceuticals, particularly on environmental behavior and ecotoxicity using local aquatic species as target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Yan-Yin Sin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environment in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Kit Yung
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Wai-Choi Sun
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Tyumina E, Subbotina M, Polygalov M, Tyan S, Ivshina I. Ketoprofen as an emerging contaminant: occurrence, ecotoxicity and (bio)removal. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200108. [PMID: 37608946 PMCID: PMC10441242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketoprofen, a bicyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, has recently been cited as an environmental contaminant that raises concerns for ecological well-being. It poses a growing threat due to its racemic mixture, enantiomers, and transformation products, which have ecotoxicological effects on various organisms, including invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Furthermore, ketoprofen is bioaccumulated and biomagnified throughout the food chain, threatening the ecosystem function. Surprisingly, despite these concerns, ketoprofen is not currently considered a priority substance. While targeted eco-pharmacovigilance for ketoprofen has been proposed, data on ketoprofen as a pharmaceutical contaminant are limited and incomplete. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent findings (from 2017 to March 2023) regarding the global distribution of ketoprofen in the environment, its ecotoxicity towards aquatic animals and plants, and available removal methods. Special emphasis is placed on understanding how ketoprofen affects microorganisms that play a pivotal role in Earth's ecosystems. The review broadly covers various approaches to ketoprofen biodegradation, including whole-cell fungal and bacterial systems as well as enzyme biocatalysts. Additionally, it explores the potential of adsorption by algae and phytoremediation for removing ketoprofen. This review will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including ecologists, microbiologists, policymakers, and those concerned about pharmaceutical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tyumina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Subbotina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim Polygalov
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Semyon Tyan
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Irina Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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3
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Zhang W, Di S, Yan J. Chiral pesticides levels in peri-urban area near Yangtze River and their correlations with water quality and microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3817-3831. [PMID: 36586031 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are considered to be the second-largest non-point source pollution in water. Our research assayed the river network of typical agricultural areas in the middle and lower Yangtze River as the study area. Pesticides residues in aquatic environment were determined by QuEChERS, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. At chiral pesticides' levels, we detected pesticides contents in water, classified and counted the types of pesticides, and analyzed their environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, potential correlations between chiral pesticides concentrations and water quality indicators were assayed. Additionally, we explored their relations with microbial communities at species levels. Enantiomers of Diclofop-methyl, Ethiprole, Difenoconazole and Epoxiconazole were enantioselectively distributed. More interestingly, due to various chiral environment of the sampling site, the enantiomers of Tebuconazole Acetochlor, Glufosinate ammonium and Bifenthrin had completely different distributions at different sites. Based on that, the chiral pesticides Diclofop-methyl, Bifenthrin, Ethiprole, Tebuconazole and Difenoconazole are enantioselective to the risk of aquatic environment. Generally, enantiomeric selectivity had high positive correlations with total nitrogen and phosphorus. Then we found that chiral fate behavior of Tebuconazole and Paichongding in water might be affected by prokaryotes. In addition, the chiral behavior of Diclofop-methyl, Propiconazole, Difenoconazole, and Tebuconazole isomers in water might be negatively affected by eukaryotes. That research helped us to comprehensively understand the impact of non-point source pollution of chiral pesticides in aquatic environment and provided basic data support for developing biological and water quality indicators for monitoring pollution in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development On Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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4
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Chio H, Guest EE, Hobman JL, Dottorini T, Hirst JD, Stekel DJ. Predicting bioactivity of antibiotic metabolites by molecular docking and dynamics. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108508. [PMID: 37235902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics enter the environment through waste streams, where they can exert selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. However, many antibiotics are excreted as partly metabolized forms, or can be subject to partial breakdown in wastewater treatment, soil, or through natural processes in the environment. If a metabolite is bioactive, even at sub-lethal levels, and also stable in the environment, then it could provide selection pressure for resistance. (5S)-penicilloic acid of piperacillin has previously been found complexed to the binding pocket of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we predicted the affinities of all potentially relevant antibiotic metabolites of ten different penicillins to that target protein, using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Docking predicts that, in addition to penicilloic acid, pseudopenicillin derivatives of these penicillins, as well as 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6APA), could also bind to this target. MD simulations further confirmed that (5R)-pseudopenicillin and 6APA bind the target protein, in addition to (5S)-penicilloic acid. Thus, it is possible that these metabolites are bioactive, and, if stable in the environment, could be contaminants selective for antibiotic resistance. This could have considerable significance for environmental surveillance for antibiotics as a means to reduce antimicrobial resistance, because targeted mass spectrometry could be required for relevant metabolites as well as the native antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokin Chio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ellen E Guest
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jonathan D Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Aukland Park Kingsway Campus, Rossmore, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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5
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Xue M, Gu X, Qin Y, Li J, Meng Q, Jia M. Enantioselective Behavior of Flumequine Enantiomers and Metabolites' Identification in Sediment. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:2184024. [PMID: 36507106 PMCID: PMC9733987 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2184024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective adsorption, degradation, and transformation of flumequine (FLU) enantiomers in sediment were investigated to elucidate the enantioselective environmental behaviors. The results of adsorption test showed that stereoselective differences of FLU enantiomers in sediment samples and the adsorbing capacity of S-(-)-FLU and R-(+)-FLU are higher than the racemate, and the pH values of the sediment determined the adsorption capacity. Enantioselective degradation behaviors were found under nonsterilized conditions and followed pseudo-first-order kinetic. The R-(+)-FLU was preferentially degraded, and there was significant enantioselectivity of the degradation of FLU. It can be concluded that the microorganism was the main reason for the stereoselective degradation in sediments. The physicochemical property of sediments, such as pH value and organic matter content, can affect the degradation rate of FLU. In addition, the process of transformation of FLU enantiomers in water-sediment system had enantioselective behavior, and R-(+)-FLU was preferential transformed. Meanwhile, the main metabolites of FLU in the sediment were decarboxylate and dihydroxylation products. This study contributes the evidence of comprehensively assessing the fate and risk of chiral FLU antibiotic and enantioselective behavior in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyong Xue
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- University of Liege, Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, Agro-Bio-Tech Gembloux 5030, Liege, Belgium
| | - Xu Gu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junguo Li
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
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6
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Chen Y, Qian Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Tan X, An D. Accumulation of chiral pharmaceuticals (ofloxacin or levofloxacin) onto polyethylene microplastics from aqueous solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153765. [PMID: 35157859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug chirality is attracting increasing attention because the enantiomers of the same chiral pharmaceutical usually exhibit different biological activities, metabolic pathways, and toxicities. The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) can enrich organic pollutants commonly found in the environment. However, knowledge about the enrichment of pharmaceutical enantiomers to MPs is relatively limited. We investigated the occurrence of enantioselectivity of ofloxacin (OFL) and levofloxacin (LEV) in the adsorption processes on polyethylene (PE) and the interactions influenced by environmental factors. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of OFL was generally 3-5% (p < 0.05) higher than that of LEV, indicating the different affinities of the enantiomers to PE, but the adsorption process of OFL and LEV on PE was both well described by pseudo-first-order kinetics and liner isotherm models. The chirality of OFL and LEV was not affected by sizes of PE particles and solution salinity due to the identical physicochemical properties. An examination of pH effect indicated that OFL showed better acid-base adaptability than LEV. Moreover, the differences in enantiomeric enrichment between OFL and LEV on PE were promoted with increasing UV light exposure time and natural organic matter (NOM) concentrations. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we demonstrated that the constituents of the functional groups in chiral NOM were greatly related to the enantiomer stereoselectivity of OFL, subsequently affecting their adsorption in a chiral environment. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra confirmed the enantioselective behaviors of chiral pharmaceuticals under UV light due to the different optical activity and humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like molecular structure of the enantiomers. These findings imply that the enantioselectivity of drug enantiomers should be considered in presence of microplastics, leading to a more accurate environmental fate and risks assessments of chiral pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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7
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Austin T, Bregoli F, Höhne D, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AMJ. Ibuprofen exposure in Europe; ePiE as an alternative to costly environmental monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112777. [PMID: 35074349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The EU Water Framework Directive and Priority Substance Directive provide a framework to identify substances that potentially pose a risk to surface waters and provide a legal basis whereby member states are required to monitor and comply with environmental quality standards (EQSs) set for those substances. The cost and effort to continuously measure and analyse real world concentrations in all water bodies across Europe are high. Establishing the reliability of environmental exposure models to predict concentrations of priority substances is key, both to fill data gaps left by monitoring campaigns, and to predict the outcomes of actions that might be taken to reduce exposure. In this study, we aimed to validate the ePiE model for the pharmaceutical ibuprofen by comparing predictions made using the best possible consumption data with measured river concentrations. The results demonstrate that the ePiE model makes useful, conservative exposure predictions for ibuprofen, typically within a factor of 3 of mean measured values. This exercise was performed across a number of basins within Europe, representative of varying conditions, including consumption rates, population densities and climates. Incorporating specific information pertaining to the basin or country being assessed, such as custom WWTP removal rates, was found to improve the realism and accuracy of predictions. We found that the extrapolation of consumption data between countries should be kept to a minimum when modelling the exposure of pharmaceuticals, with the per capita consumption of ibuprofen varying by nearly a factor of 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Austin
- Reckitt, Dansom Lane, Hull, HU8 7DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Bregoli
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominik Höhne
- Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, Werinherstraße 79, 81541 München, Germany
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Fu Y, Pessagno F, Manesiotis P, Borrull F, Fontanals N, Maria Marcé R. Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers as selective SPE sorbents for the determination of cathinones in river water. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Nguyen AQ, Nguyen LN, McDonald JA, Nghiem LD, Leusch FDL, Neale PA, Khan SJ. Chiral inversion of 2-arylpropionoic acid (2-APA) enantiomers during simulated biological wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117871. [PMID: 34872028 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the removal and enantio‑specific fate of a suite of eleven chiral 2-arylpropionic acids (2-APAs) during biological wastewater treatment simulated in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Using pure (R)- and (S)- enantiomers in the MBR influent, chiral inversion was determined through the increase in the concentration of the non-dominant enantiomer and changes in the enantiomeric fraction (EF) between the two enantiomers during the treatment process. Effective (>90%) and similar removal rates between (R)- and (S)- enantiomers were confirmed for eight 2-APAs. In this study, 2-APAs exhibited diverse and distinctive chiral inversion behaviours: two 2-APAs showed (R→S) unidirectional inversion, three 2-APAs showed (S→R) unidirectional inversion, and six 2-APAs showed bidirectional inversion. This is the first study to report chiral inversion behaviours of a comprehensive suite of 2-APAs with a variety of functional groups substituted onto the aryl ring. A decrease in effluent EF over time was observed for two 2-APAs. This study shows that chiral inversion of 2-APAs varies significantly from compound to compound, despite the high similarity in their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Q Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - James A McDonald
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Barreiro JC, Tiritan ME, Cass QB. Challenges and innovations in chiral drugs in an environmental and bioanalysis perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Egbuna C, Amadi CN, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Ezzat SM, Awuchi CG, Ugonwa PO, Orisakwe OE. Emerging pollutants in Nigeria: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103638. [PMID: 33757839 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants represent a group of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are not normally monitored within the environment but can enter into the environment and cause different adverse ecological and health effects. This systematic review identified the various emerging pollutants in Nigeria. The following databases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) were searched to identify studies on pollutants of emerging concerns in Nigeria. A total of 933 articles were identified out of which 30 articles were selected to be eligible for the study. Over 250 emerging pollutants were identified and divided into 9 major groups which are personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mycotoxins, radionuclides and electromagnetic radiations (Gamma radiation) and other pollutants of emerging concerns such as microbes, microplastics, and particulate matter. These pollutants are found in water bodies and underground waters, soils and sediments, biological systems, and ambient air at different concentrations with seasonal variations. Some of these pollutants act as endocrine disruptors, β-adrenergic receptors agonist blockers, oxidative stress inducers and can cause genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic reprogramming through global DNA methylation, gene-specific CpG methylation and microRNA expression. Emerging pollutants of public health concern in Nigeria are on the increase and are threat to both ecological and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia N Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | | | - Peter Okechukwu Ugonwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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12
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Enantiomeric determination of cathinones in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461359. [PMID: 32797838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric determination of chiral drugs in the environment is of emerging concern since their enantiomers often exhibit stereoselectivity in environmental occurrence, fate and toxicity. In this study a method based on solid-phase extraction followed by chiral liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry has been developed for the enantiomeric determination of a group of cathinones in river water and effluent wastewater. The enantioseparation was carried out using a Chiralpak CBH column in reversed-phase mode, and optimised by evaluating the effects of flow rate, buffer concentration and organic modifier. Under optimal conditions, good enantioseparations (Rs ≥1.2) were achieved for all the analytes. Two mixed-mode cation-exchange sorbents (Oasis WCX and Oasis MCX) in solid-phase extraction were evaluated in river water. Oasis MCX sorbent showed better performance with apparent recoveries ranging from 57 to 91% and matrix effect ranging from -10 to 15%. It is worth noting that a shifting of retention times and loss of enantioresolutions in environmental water samples was observed for all the analytes when the Oasis WCX sorbent was used. The method was validated with river water and effluent wastewater samples and its overall performance was satisfactory. The method quantification limits for all the analyte enantiomers ranged from 1.0 to 2.9 ng/L in river water, and from 2.3 to 6.0 ng/L in effluent wastewater. The repeatability and reproducibility values, expressed as% relative standard deviation (n = 5) were less than 15%. The method was then applied to the analysis of river water and effluent wastewater. The racemic methylone and methedrone (EF=0.49 and 0.46, respectively) were detected at low ng/L in some of the river water samples.
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McKenzie K, Moffat CF, Petrie B. Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2881-2892. [PMID: 32930212 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new multi-residue enantioselective method for the determination of emerging drug contaminants in sea water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To achieve satisfactory enantiomeric separation with a vancomycin stationary phase it was essential to limit sodium chloride in extracted samples to <1 μg per injection. This was achieved through a straightforward SPE method using a 50 mL water wash volume and analyte elution in acetonitrile. A Chiral-V enantioselective column (150 × 2.1 mm; 2.7 μm particle size) operated in polar ionic mode enabled simultaneous drug separations in 30 minutes. Analytes with enantioresolution ≥1 were the stimulants amphetamine and methamphetamine, the beta-agonist salbutamol, the beta-blockers propranolol, sotalol and acebutolol, the anti-depressants fluoxetine, venlafaxine, desmethylvenlafaxine and citalopram, and the antihistamine chlorpheniramine. Method quantitation limits were <10 ng L-1 and method trueness was 80-110% for most analytes. The method was applied to samples from the Forth and Clyde estuaries, Scotland. Chiral drugs were present at concentrations in the range 4-159 ng L-1 and several were in non-racemic form (enantiomeric fraction ≠ 0.50) demonstrating enantiomer enrichment. This emphasises the need for further enantiospecific drug exposure and effect studies in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie McKenzie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Colin F Moffat
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
- Office of the Chief Scientific Advisor Marine, Scottish Government, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
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Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu G. Widespread monitoring of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban rivers reveals stereospecific occurrence and transformation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105657. [PMID: 32240890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two sampling campaigns with N-O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV) and α-hydroxymetoprolol confirmed in the catchment for the first time. Metoprolol acid (MTPA) was the most abundant up to 1508 ng L-1, followed by metoprolol and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Most compounds showed 100% detection frequency or nearly, while norfluoxetine (the main metabolite of fluoxetine) and 4-hydroxypropranololone (one TP of propranolol) were not detected. Metoprolol (MTP) and venlafaxine (VFX) did not vary significantly between two sampling periods with mean concentrations of 280.7 and 22.9 ng L-1, respectively. Enantiomeric enrichment was observed for venlafaxine, metoprolol and NODDV, where R-venlafaxine was preferentially biotransformed than the S-form through O-desmethylation. Risk assessment indicated that fluoxetine and atenolol could pose harmful effects to aquatic organisms. This work provides enantiospecific profiles of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and extended the concept of applying the ratio of TPs vs. parent compound plus their enantiomeric traits for quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation. Due to the considerable contribution by TPs (64% in present study) as well as the unexpected impacts from enantiomeric existence, the stereoselectivity of chiral pollutants during environmental process should be taken into account in future study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first comprehensive evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals and transformation products at enantiomeric level in aquatic environment in China, which would facilitate better understanding of their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Liu W. Application of enantiomeric fractions in environmental forensics: Uncertainties and inconsistencies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109354. [PMID: 32182482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The assumption that only biological processes are enantioselective introduces challenges in the reliability of enantioselective analysis as a tool for discriminating biotic and abiotic processes in the environmental fate of chiral pollutants. Enantioselectivity does not depend on the nature of the fate process a chiral contaminant undergoes but on the interaction of the chiral contaminant with homochirality inducing external agents (e.g. chiral molecules, macromolecules or surfaces such as enzymes, blood plasma, proteins, chiral co-pollutants, humic acid and soil organominerals). The environmental behavior of a chiral contaminant is difficult to anticipate because the interactions between the chiral contaminants and the homochirality inducing external agents is often complex and strongly influenced by local environment conditions such as pH, redox conditions, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, humic acid, and redox conditions. Furthermore, the use of enantioselective analysis in environmental forensics depend on the adequate separation and accurate identification and quantification of the enantiomers of the chiral contaminant. Matrix effects, instrument effects, inadequate enantioselective separation, and poor quantification techniques introduce uncertainties in the determination of enantiomeric composition. Here we present the weaknesses of this assumption and recommend using enantiomeric fractions as chemical markers of biotransformation with caution. We recommend using stable isotopes, including abiotic controls to determine if enantioselective sorption occurs, and determining stability of enantiomers in solvent or at elevated temperatures to account for confounding factors arising from matrix effects, enantioselective abiotic processes, and enantiomerization due solvent and thermal lability of the chiral analyte, respectively to maintain the integrity of the utility of enantiomeric composition changes as an environmental forensics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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Ribeiro ARL, Maia AS, Ribeiro C, Tiritan ME. Analysis of chiral drugs in environmental matrices: Current knowledge and trends in environmental, biodegradation and forensic fields. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Henning N, Falås P, Castronovo S, Jewell KS, Bester K, Ternes TA, Wick A. Biological transformation of fexofenadine and sitagliptin by carrier-attached biomass and suspended sludge from a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115034. [PMID: 31581038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the (bio)transformation of the antidiabetic sitagliptin (STG) and the antihistamine fexofenadine (FXF) during wastewater treatment. As inoculum either attached-growth on carriers or suspended sludge from a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (HMBBR) was used. Both target compounds were incubated in degradation experiments and quantified via LC-MS/MS for degradation kinetics. Furthermore transformation products (TPs) were analyzed via high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Structural elucidation of the TPs was based on the high resolution molecular ion mass to propose a molecular formula and on MS2 fragmentation to elucidate the chemical structure of the TPs. In total, 22 TPs (9 TPs for STG and 13 TPs for FXF) were detected in the experiments with STG and FXF. For all TPs, chemical structures could be proposed. STG was mainly transformed via amide hydrolysis and conjugation of the primary amine moiety. In contrast, FXF was predominantly transformed by oxidative reactions such as oxidation (dehydrogenation) and hydroxylation. Furthermore, FXF was removed significantly faster in contact with carriers compared to suspended sludge, whereas STG was degraded slightly faster in contact with suspended sludge. Moreover, the primary TP of FXF was also degraded faster in contact with carriers leading to higher proportions of secondary TPs. Thus, the microbial community of both carriers and suspended sludge catalyzed the same primary transformation reactions but the transformation kinetics of FXF and the formation/degradation of FXF TPs were considerably higher in contact with carrier-attached biomass. The primary degradation of both target compounds in pilot- and full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and MBBR reactors reached 42 and 61% for FXF and STG, respectively. Up to three of the identified TPs of FXF and 8 TPs of STG were detected in the effluents of pilot- and full-scale CAS and MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henning
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Per Falås
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandro Castronovo
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kevin S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kai Bester
- Department for Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
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