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Defining the role of renewable energy, economic growth, globalization, energy consumption, and population growth on PM 2.5 concentration: evidence from South Asian countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40008-40017. [PMID: 36602733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and economic development in South Asia (SA) caused serious air pollution-related issues. Air pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have negative effects on health, instigating widespread concern. The current study is an attempt to analyze the impact of non-renewable energy (NRE), globalization (GLO), GDP, renewable energy (RE), and population (POP) on PM2.5 concentration in SA from 1998 to 2020. In doing so, this study incorporated advanced and robust econometric techniques, i.e., Pesaran (Economet Rev 34(6-10), 1089-1117, 2015), to check the cross-sectional dependency, and the unit root presence checked through Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, and Shin (CIPS) and Cross-sectionally Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) unit root tests. Moreover, the long and short-run association among the selected variables was analyzed through Westerlund and Edgerton (Econ Lett 97(3), 185-190, 2007), cointegration test, and cross-sectional augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL). The empirical results indicate that the panel was cross-sectionally correlated, stationary at the first difference, and co-integrated in the long run. Moreover, the CS-ARDL model indicates a positive association between GDP and PM2.5 concentration. Similarly, NRE and POP contribute significantly to increasing the PM2.5 concentration in SA. However, RE and GLO play an important role to decrease the PM2.5 concentration in SA.
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Liu Y, Ma R, Guan C, Chen B, Zhang B. Global trade network and CH 4 emission outsourcing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150008. [PMID: 34482130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intensifying globalization contributes to the anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions outsourcing, a strong greenhouse gas and harmful air pollutant, through the increasingly complex global trade network. However, the CH4 flow patterns embodied in global traded goods and services have not been interpreted from the perspective of a complex network. In this paper, we integrate global CH4 emission inventory from the EDGAR (the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) databases, global multi-regional input-output model from the GTAP database, and complex network analysis to reveal the structural characteristics of the global CH4 flow network (GCFN). In the GCFN, more than one quarter of the global anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 2014 are associated with international trade. The top 20 economies contribute to about 70% of the total embodied CH4 emission flows. The GCFNs mainly consist of tripartite patterns centered on China, the USA and Russia. Some emerging countries, such as Thailand and Brazil, also exhibit dominated positions in different kinds of GCFNs. Moreover, the core-periphery structure of the GCFN confirms the existence of a few hub economies associated with a large amount of CH4 emissions. The results emphasize the multinational cooperation on global CH4 emission mitigation, and well-focused mitigation policies should be implemented on some key economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rong Ma
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - ChengHe Guan
- New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, PR China; Harvard China Project, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, MA 02138, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Harvard China Project, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, MA 02138, United States.
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Consumption in the G20 nations causes particulate air pollution resulting in two million premature deaths annually. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6286. [PMID: 34728619 PMCID: PMC8563796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide exposure to ambient PM2.5 causes over 4 million premature deaths annually. As most of these deaths are in developing countries, without internationally coordinated efforts this polarized situation will continue. As yet, however, no studies have quantified nation-to-nation consumer responsibility for global mortality due to both primary and secondary PM2.5 particles. Here we quantify the global footprint of PM2.5-driven premature deaths for the 19 G20 nations in a position to lead such efforts. G20 consumption in 2010 was responsible for 1.983 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.685–2.285] million premature deaths, at an average age of 67, including 78.6 [71.5–84.8] thousand infant deaths, implying that the G20 lifetime consumption of about 28 [24–33] people claims one life. Our results indicate that G20 nations should take responsibility for their footprint rather than focusing solely on transboundary air pollution, as this would expand opportunities for reducing PM2.5-driven premature mortality. Given the infant mortality footprint identified, it would moreover contribute to ensuring infant lives are not unfairly left behind in countries like South Africa, which have a weak relationship with G20 nations. Worldwide exposure to ambient PM2.5 causes millions of premature deaths annually. Here the authors quantify the global footprint of PM2.5-driven premature deaths for the G20 countries, which are in a position to lead internationally coordinated mitigation efforts.
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Han SB, Song SK, Shon ZH, Kang YH, Bang JH, Oh I. Comprehensive study of a long-lasting severe haze in Seoul megacity and its impacts on fine particulate matter and health. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129369. [PMID: 33387943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A long-lasting severe haze event was observed over the Seoul metropolitan region (SMR: Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do), South Korea, in the winter of 2013 (January 12-16). We comprehensively investigated the atmospheric processes affecting particulate matter (PM) distributions during the haze event, as well as its impact on human health in the study area. These analyses were performed based on meteorological and PM observations and numerical modeling, which included the WRF-CMAQ modeling system and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE). High PM10 concentrations during the haze event were mostly observed in the western and southern parts of the SMR. Significant differences (60-70 μg m-3) in the mean PM2.5 concentrations for haze and non-haze days were predicted mainly in the west-northwest areas of SMR. This might be primarily due to the pollutant transport (horizontal and vertical) from large emission sources (e.g., Chinese emissions) and, in part, their local accumulation (by local emissions) under high-pressure conditions and slow-moving air flows (i.e., blocking effect) around SMR. In addition, the enhanced PM2.5 concentrations in the study area during the haze event led to an increase in the number of premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Han
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Keun Song
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hee Kang
- Environmental Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Bang
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inbo Oh
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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Qian Y, Li Z, Tan R. Sustainability analysis of supply chain via particulate matter emissions prediction in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2020.1870674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Qian
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Li
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tan
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Nansai K, Tohno S, Chatani S, Kanemoto K, Kurogi M, Fujii Y, Kagawa S, Kondo Y, Nagashima F, Takayanagi W, Lenzen M. Affluent countries inflict inequitable mortality and economic loss on Asia via PM 2.5 emissions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105238. [PMID: 31704567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This research sets out to quantify the mortality and economic loss in individual Asian countries caused by the PM2.5 emissions induced by the consumption of the world's five highest-consuming countries (US, China, Japan, Germany, UK). In 2010 alone, the economic impact of these five countries' consumption caused a loss of almost 45 billion US dollars due to the premature deaths of more than 1 million people in Asia, including 15 thousand children younger than 5 years old. The percentage ratio of economic loss to value-added driven by consumers via trade differed greatly among the impacted countries. For the US, the highest percentage loss was 4.1% in Laos, followed by 2.0% in Bangladesh, both markedly higher than the figures for the more developed countries, such as 0.21% for Japan and 0.18% for Korea. This reflects the inequitable value chain existing between consumer countries and impacted countries, and implies that developing countries are obtaining value-added in exchange for unintentionally increased health risks, delaying their development and potentially creating a vicious circle that hinders much-needed improvements in areas like poverty reduction and public health. This inequitable situation needs to be redressed through introduction of clean energy and other types of technological assistance to help achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7, 10 and 13. Such as move is essential if premature infant deaths are to be curtailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nansai
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; ISA, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Susumu Tohno
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Chatani
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kanemoto
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Midori Kurogi
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujii
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigemi Kagawa
- Faculty of Economics, Kyushu University, 6-19-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kondo
- Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nagashima
- Faculty of Economics, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Osaka-shi, Osaka 557-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Takayanagi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Manfred Lenzen
- ISA, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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