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Murphy MS, Abdulaziz KE, Lavigne É, Erwin E, Guo Y, Dingwall-Harvey AL, Stieb D, Walker MC, Wen SW, Shin HH. Association between prenatal air pollutant exposure and autism spectrum disorders in young children: A matched case-control study in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119706. [PMID: 39084506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The direction and magnitude of association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants across gestational windows and offspring risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the time-varying effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure on ASD. We conducted a matched case-control study of singleton term children born in Ontario, Canada from 1-Apr-2012 to 31-Dec-2016. Provincial birth registry data were linked with applied behavioural analysis services and ambient air pollutant datasets to ascertain prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground-level ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and ASD diagnoses. Covariate balance between cases and controls was established using coarsened exact matching. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between prenatal air pollutant exposure and ASD. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to examine the effects of single-pollutant exposure by prenatal week. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of exposure period on the observed findings. The final sample included 1589 ASD cases and 7563 controls. Compared to controls, cases were more likely to be born to mothers living in urban areas, delivered by Caesarean section, and assigned male sex at birth. NO2 was a consistent and significant contributor to ASD risk after accounting for co-exposure to O3, PM2.5 and covariates. The odds ratio per interquartile range increase was 2.1 (95%CI 1.8-2.3) pre-conception, 2.2 (2.0-2.5) for the 1st trimester, 2.2 (1.9-2.5) for the 2nd trimester, and 2.1 (1.9-2.4) for the 3rd trimester. In contrast, findings for O3 and PM2.5 with ASD were inconsistent. Findings from DLNM and sensitivity analyses were similar. Exposure to NO2 before and during pregnancy was significantly associated with ASD in offspring. The relationship between prenatal O3 and PM2.5 exposure and ASD remains unclear. Further investigation into the combined effects of multi-pollutant exposure on child neurodevelopment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia Sq Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasim E Abdulaziz
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Erwin
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanfang Guo
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alysha Lj Dingwall-Harvey
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Stieb
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark C Walker
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Newborn Care, Ottawa, Canada; International and Global Health Office, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Newborn Care, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Bhattarai G, Shrestha SK, Sim HJ, Lee JC, Kook SH. Effects of fine particulate matter on bone marrow-conserved hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:118-128. [PMID: 38200155 PMCID: PMC10834576 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in size (PM2.5) on human health have received considerable attention. However, while the impact of PM2.5 on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems has been well studied, less is known about the effects on stem cells in the bone marrow (BM). With an emphasis on the invasive characteristics of PM2.5, this review examines the current knowledge of the health effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 enters the circulation and then travels to distant organs, including the BM, to induce oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and epigenetic changes, resulting in the reduction of BM-residing stem cell survival and function. Understanding the broader health effects of air pollution thus requires an understanding of the invasive characteristics of PM2.5 and its direct influence on stem cells in the BM. As noted in this review, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying processes by which PM2.5 disturbs the BM microenvironment and inhibits stem cell functionality. Strategies to prevent or ameliorate the negative effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells and to maintain the regenerative capacity of those cells must also be investigated. By focusing on the complex relationship between PM2.5 and BM-resident stem cells, this review highlights the importance of specific measures directed at safeguarding human health in the face of rising air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Kumar Shrestha
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Tong M, Lin W, Liu H, Gong J, Zhang JJ, Xue T. Gestational age modifies the association between exposure to fine particles and fetal death: findings from a nationwide epidemiological study in the contiguous United States. Environ Health 2023; 22:65. [PMID: 37705052 PMCID: PMC10500914 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The vulnerability of fetuses differs at different developmental stages, in response to environmental stressors such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a ubiquitous air pollutant. Whether gestational age (GA) modifies the association between prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and fetal death remains unclear. METHODS We selected approximately 47.8 million eligible United States (US) livebirth and fetal death (defined as a termination at a GA of 20-43 weeks) records from 1989 to 2004. For each record, we took the level of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 as the average concentration in the mother's residential county during the entire gestational period, or a specific trimester (i.e., GA-specific exposure), according to well-established estimates of monthly levels across the contiguous US. First, we evaluated the associations between PM2.5 exposure and fetal death at a specific GA (i.e., GA-specific outcome) using five different logit models (unadjusted, covariate-adjusted, propensity-score, double robust, and diagnostic-score models). Double robust model was selected as the main model due to its advantages in causal inference. Then, we conducted meta-analyses to pool the estimated GA-specific associations, and explored how the pooled estimates varied with GA. RESULTS According to the meta-analysis, all models suggested gestational PM2.5 exposure was associated with fetal death. However, there was slight heterogeneity in the estimated effects, as different models revealed a range of 3.6-10.7% increase in the odds of fetal death per 5-µg/m3 increment of PM2.5. Each 5-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during the entire gestation period significantly increased the odds of fetal death, by 8.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1-11.2%). In terms of GA-specific outcomes, the odds of fetal death at a GA of 20-27, 28-36, or ≥ 37 weeks increased by 11.0% (5.9-16.4%), 5.2% (0.4-10.1%), and 8.3% (2.5-14.5%), respectively. In terms of GA-specific exposure, the odds of fetal death increased by 6.0% (3.9-8.2%), 4.1% (3.9-8.2%), and 4.3% (0.5-8.2%) with 5-µg/m3 increases in PM2.5 exposure during the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. The association had the largest effect size (odds ratio = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.061-1.137) between PM2.5 exposure during early gestation (i.e., first trimester) and early fetal death (i.e., 20-27 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increased risk of fetal death. The association was varied by gestational-age-specific exposures or outcomes, suggesting gestation age as a potential modifier on the effect of PM2.5. The fetus was most vulnerable during the early stage of development to death associated with PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Tong
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (PKU), School of Public Health , Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (PKU), School of Public Health , Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (PKU), School of Public Health , Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Anita WM, Ueda K, Uttajug A, Seposo XT, Takano H. Association between Long-Term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and under-5 Mortality: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3270. [PMID: 36833969 PMCID: PMC9961703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have established a link between exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality in infants and children. However, few studies have explored the association between post-birth exposure to PM2.5 and under-5 mortality. We conducted a scoping review to identify relevant epidemiological evidence on the association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published between 1970 and the end of January 2022 that explicitly linked ambient PM2.5 and under-5 mortality by considering the study area, study design, exposure window, and child age. Information was extracted on the study characteristics, exposure assessment and duration, outcomes, and effect estimates/findings. Ultimately, 13 studies on infant and child mortality were selected. Only four studies measured the effect of post-birth exposure to PM2.5 on under-5 mortality. Only one cohort study mentioned a positive association between post-birth ambient PM2.5 exposure and under-5 mortality. The results of this scoping review highlight the need for extensive research in this field, given that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 is a major global health risk and child mortality remains high in some countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahida Musarrat Anita
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Athicha Uttajug
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Xerxes Tesoro Seposo
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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Xiao X, Jin Z, Wang S, Xu J, Peng Z, Wang R, Shao W, Hui Y. A dual-path dynamic directed graph convolutional network for air quality prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154298. [PMID: 35271925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate air quality prediction can help cope with air pollution and improve the life quality. With the development of the deployments of low-cost air quality sensors, increasing data related to air quality has provided chances to find out more accurate prediction methods. Air quality is affected by many external factors such as the position, wind, meteorological information, and so on. Meanwhile, these factors are spatio-temporal dynamic and there are many dynamic contextual relationships between them. Many methods for air quality prediction do not consider these complex spatio-temporal correlations and dynamic contextual relationships. In this paper, we propose a dual-path dynamic directed graph convolutional network (DP-DDGCN) for air quality prediction. We first create a dual-path transposed dynamic directed graph according to static distance relationships of stations and the dynamic relationships generated by wind speed and directions. Then based on the dual-path dynamic directed graph, we can capture the dynamic spatial dependencies more comprehensively. After that we apply gated recurrent units (GRUs) and add the future meteorological features, to extract the complex temporal dependencies of historical air quality data. Using dual-path dynamic directed graph blocks and the GRUs, we finally construct a dynamic spatio-temporal gated recurrent block to capture the dynamic spatio-temporal contextual correlations. Based on real-world datasets, which record a large amount of PM2.5 concentration data, we compare the proposed model with the benchmark models. The experimental results show that our proposed model has the best performance in predicting the PM2.5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhiling Jin
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziyan Peng
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Electronic Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Yilong Hui
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China; The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
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Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127511. [PMID: 35742761 PMCID: PMC9223652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.
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Shen F, Li D, Chen J. Mechanistic toxicity assessment of fine particulate matter emitted from fuel combustion via pathway-based approaches in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150214. [PMID: 34571223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel exhaust particulate matter (FEPM) is an important source of air pollution worldwide. However, the comparative and mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs emitted from combustion of different fuels is still not fully understood. This study employed pathway-based approaches via human cells to evaluate mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs. The results showed that FEPMs caused concentration-dependent (0.1-200 μg/mL) cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. FEPMs at low concentration (10 μg/mL) induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases, while high level of FEPMs (200 μg/mL) caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Different FEPMs induced distinct expression profiles of toxicity-related genes, illustrating different toxic mechanisms. Furthermore, FEPMs inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), which related with reproductive toxicity. Spearman rank correlations among the chemicals carried by FEPMs and the toxic effects revealed that PAHs and metals promoted cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and suppressed PKA activity. Furthermore, PAHs (Nap and Acy) and metals (Al and Pb) in FEPMs were highly and positively correlated with the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, ER stress, metal stress and inflammation. Our findings offered more mechanistic information of FEPMs at the level of subcellular toxicity and help to better understand their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Khadka A, Canning D. Understanding the Pathways from Prenatal and Post-Birth PM 2.5 Exposure to Infant Death: An Observational Analysis Using US Vital Records (2011-2013). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:258. [PMID: 35010519 PMCID: PMC8751133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the relationship of prenatal and post-birth exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) with infant mortality for all births between 2011 and 2013 in the conterminous United States. Prenatal exposure was defined separately for each trimester, post-birth exposure was defined in the 12 months following the prenatal period, and infant mortality was defined as death in the first year of life. For the analysis, we merged over 10 million cohort-linked live birth-infant death records with daily, county-level PM2.5 concentration data and then fit a Structural Equation Model controlling for several individual- and county-level confounders. We estimated direct paths from the two exposures to infant death as well as indirect paths from the prenatal exposure to the outcome through preterm birth and low birth weight. Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with infant death across all trimesters, although the relationship was strongest in the third trimester. The direct pathway from the prenatal exposure to the outcome accounted for most of this association. Estimates for the post-birth PM2.5-infant death relationship were less precise. The results from our study add to a growing literature that provides evidence in favor of the potential harmful effects on human health of low levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Khadka
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - David Canning
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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9
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Ambient Air Quality Synergies with a 2050 Carbon Neutrality Pathway in South Korea. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
South Korea is a signatory of the Paris Agreement and has announced its aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, South Korea’s current policy trajectory is not compatible with maintaining a global temperature rise below 2 °C. Climate change has not been a dominant electoral issue in South Korea, with national concerns being prioritized. A Paris-Agreement-compatible development pathway could synergistically improve ambient air quality in South Korea. This research examines the gains of a climate action pathway that would achieve 2050 carbon neutrality, compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) pathway, in South Korea. The work aims to add further evidence to the potential national gains from strong climate action across all sectors in South Korea. The paper argues that by focusing on and estimating national gains, the momentum for enhanced climate policy action can be intensified by framing robust climate action as an opportunity rather than a cost. Through a climate action pathway, South Korea could avoid 835 years of life lost (YLL) in 2030, 2237 YLL in 2040 and 3389 YLL in 2050. Through this pathway, South Korea could also cumulatively abate 5539 million tons of CO2 equivalent (MtCO2e) in greenhouse gas emissions over the 2022–2050 period.
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10
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Bachwenkizi J, Liu C, Meng X, Zhang L, Wang W, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Hammer MS, Chen R, Kan H. Fine particulate matter constituents and infant mortality in Africa: A multicountry study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106739. [PMID: 34217038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and infant mortality in developing countries, especially for the health effects of specific PM2.5 constituents. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association of long-term exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents with infant mortality in 15 African countries from 2005 to 2015. METHODS Based on the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) dataset, we included birth history records from 15 countries in Africa and conducted a multicountry cross-sectional study to examine the associations between specific PM2.5 constituents and infant mortality. We estimated annual residential exposure using satellite-derived PM2.5 for mass and a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) for its six constituents, including organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and soil dust (DUST). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed by fitting single-constituent models, the constituent-PM2.5 models, and the constituent-residual models. We also conducted stratified analyses by potential effect modifiers and examined the specific associations for each country. RESULTS We found positive and significant associations between PM2.5 total mass and most of its constituents with infant mortality. In the single-constituent model, for an IQR increase in pollutant concentrations, the odds ratio (OR) of infant mortality was 1.03 (95 %CI; 1.01, 1.06) for PM2.5 total mass, and was 1.04 (95 %CI: 1.02, 1.06), 1.04 (95 %CI: 1.02, 1.05), 1.02 (95 %CI: 1.00, 1.03), 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) for BC, OM, SO42-, and DUST, respectively. The associations of BC, OM, and SO42- remained significant in the other two models. We observed larger estimates in subgroups with older maternal age, living in urban areas, using unclean cooking energy, and with access to piped water. The associations varied among countries, and by different constituents. CONCLUSIONS The carbonaceous fractions and sulfate play a major important role among PM2.5 constituents on infant mortality. Our findings have certain policy implications for implementing effective measures for targeted reduction in specific sources (fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning) of PM2.5 constituents against the risk of infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovine Bachwenkizi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie S Hammer
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Koo EJ, Bae JG, Kim EJ, Cho YH. Correlation between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) during Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Its Surgical Perspectives. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e236. [PMID: 34609089 PMCID: PMC8490787 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can easily penetrate blood vessels and tissues through the human respiratory tract and cause various health problems. Some studies reported that particular matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight or congenital cardiovascular anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the degree of exposure to PM ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and congenital anomalies relevant to the field of pediatric surgery. METHODS Mother-infant dyads with registered addresses in the Metropolitan City were selected during 3 years. The electronic medical records of mothers and neonates were retrospectively analyzed, with a focus on maternal age at delivery, date of delivery, gestation week, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension, parity, the residence of the mother and infant, infant sex, birth weight, Apgar score, and presence of congenital anomaly. The monthly PM2.5 concentration from the first month of pregnancy to the delivery was computed based on the mothers' residences. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure concentration in the second trimester was higher in the congenital anomaly group than in the non-congenital anomaly group (24.82 ± 4.78 µg/m3, P = 0.023). PM2.5 exposure concentration did not affect the incidence of nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal anomalies. While statistically insignificant, the groups with nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and other congenital anomalies were exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations in the first trimester compared with their respective counterparts. The effect of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of congenital anomalies was significant even after adjusting for the mother's age, presence of DM, hypertension, and parity. The incidence of congenital anomalies increased by 26.0% (95% confidence interval of 4.3% and 49.2%) per 7.23 µg/m3 elevation of PM2.5 interquartile range in the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS The congenital anomaly group was exposed to a higher PM2.5 concentration in the second trimester than the non-congenital anomaly group. The PM2.5 exposure concentration level in the first trimester tended to be higher in groups with anomalies than those without anomalies. This suggests that continuous exposure to a high PM2.5 concentration during pregnancy influences the incidence of neonatal anomalies in surgical respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Koo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Gon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam, Korea.
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Yu G, Chen Y, Tang J, Lin Z, Zheng F, Zheng C, Zhou J, Su Q, Wu S, Li H. Meta-analyses of maternal exposure to atmospheric particulate matter and risk of congenital anomalies in offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55869-55887. [PMID: 34491504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are the main causes of infant death and disability. Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to particulate matter is related to congenital malformation. However, the conclusions of this study remain controversial. Hence, meta-analyses were performed to assess the relationship between maternal exposure to particulate matter and the risk of congenital anomalies. The Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systemically searched from inception until August 2020 to find articles related to birth defects and particulate matter. The pooled risk estimated for the combination of pollution outcomes was calculated for each study by performing fixed effects or random effects models. The existence of heterogeneity and publication bias in relevant studies was also examined. Thirty studies were included in the analysis. A statistically increased summary risk valuation was found. PM10 exposure was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03-1.07; OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). Maternal exposure to particulate matter might be associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. Our results indicate the dangers of particulate matter exposure on fetal development and the importance of protection against exposure to such particles during pregnancy. The schematic representation of the association between maternal exposure to PM2.5/PM10 and congenital anomalies in offspring, and geographic distribution of the included reports in the meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jinfu Zhou
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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