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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Liu C, Hou HS. Physical exercise and persistent organic pollutants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19661. [PMID: 37809764 PMCID: PMC10558913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) incessantly has become an important threat to individual health, which is closely related to neurodevelopment, endocrine and cardiovascular homeostasis. Exercise, on the other hand, has been consistently shown to improve physical fitness. Whereas associations between traditional air pollutants, exercise and lung function have been thoroughly reviewed, reviews on associations between persistent organic pollutants and exercise are scarce. Hence, a literature review focused on exercise, exposure to POPs, and health risk assessment was performed for studies published from 2004 to 2022. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of exposure pathways and levels of POPs during exercise, as well as the impact of exercise on health concerns attributable to the redistribution, metabolism, and excretion of POPs in vivo. Therein lies a broader array of exercise benefits, including insulin sensitizing, mitochondrial DNA repair, lipid metabolism and intestinal microecological balance. Physical exercise is conducive to reduce POPs body burden and resistant to health hazards of POPs generally. Besides, individual lipid metabolism condition is a critical factor in evaluating potential link in exercise, POPs and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of P.E, Minzu University of China, # 27, South Street Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui sheng Hou
- College of P.E, Minzu University of China, # 27, South Street Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, China
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Mathew J, John N, Mathew B. Graphene oxide-incorporated silver-based photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of organic toxins: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16817-16851. [PMID: 36595177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and scarcity of energy have been deepening over the last few decades. Heterogeneous photocatalysis plays a prominent role in environmental remediation. The failure of earlier metal oxide systems like pure TiO2 and ZnO as stable visible-light photocatalysts demanded more stable catalysts with high photodegradation efficiency. Silver-based semiconductor materials gained popularity as visible-light-responsive photocatalysts with a narrow bandgap. But their large-scale usage in natural water bodies for organic contaminant removal is minimal. The factors like self-photocorrosion and their slight solubility in water have prevented the commercial use. Various efforts have been made to improve their photocatalytic activity. This review focuses on those studies in which silver-based semiconductor materials are integrated with carbonaceous graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The decoration of Ag-based semiconductor components on graphene oxide having high-surface area results in binary composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability. It is found that the introduction of new efficient materials further increases the effectiveness of the system. So binary and ternary composites of GO and Ag-based materials are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Neenamol John
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
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Yadav A, Verhaegen S, Filis P, Domanska D, Lyle R, Sundaram AYM, Leithaug M, Østby GC, Aleksandersen M, Berntsen HF, Zimmer KE, Fowler PA, Paulsen RE, Ropstad E. Exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants or to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid alone dysregulates the developing cerebellum of chicken embryo. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107379. [PMID: 35792514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In the present study, we explored whether a human-relevant POP mixture affects the development of chicken embryo cerebellum. We used a defined mixture of 29 POPs, with chemical composition and concentrations based on blood levels in the Scandinavian population. We also evaluated exposure to a prominent compound in the mixture, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), alone. Embryos (n = 7-9 per exposure group) were exposed by injection directly into the allantois at embryonic day 13 (E13). Cerebella were isolated at E17 and subjected to morphological, RNA-seq and shot-gun proteomics analyses. There was a reduction in thickness of the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex in both exposure scenarios. Exposure to the POP mixture significantly affected expression of 65 of 13,800 transcripts, and 43 of 2,568 proteins, when compared to solvent control. PFOS alone affected expression of 80 of 13,859 transcripts, and 69 of 2,555 proteins. Twenty-five genes and 15 proteins were common for both exposure groups. These findings point to alterations in molecular events linked to retinoid X receptor (RXR) signalling, neuronal cell proliferation and migration, cellular stress responses including unfolded protein response, lipid metabolism, and myelination. Exposure to the POP mixture increased methionine oxidation, whereas PFOS decreased oxidation. Several of the altered genes and proteins are involved in a wide variety of neurological disorders. We conclude that POP exposure can interfere with fundamental aspects of neurodevelopment, altering molecular pathways that are associated with adverse neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Yadav
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Steven Verhaegen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Diana Domanska
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Robert Lyle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn Charlotte Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstuen, NO-0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Berntsen HF, Bodin J, Øvrevik J, Berntsen CF, Østby GC, Brinchmann BC, Ropstad E, Myhre O. A human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants induces reactive oxygen species formation in isolated human leucocytes: Involvement of the β2-adrenergic receptor. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106900. [PMID: 34607039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with immunotoxicity and other adverse effects in humans and animals. Previous studies on POPs have mainly focused on single chemicals, while studies on complex mixtures are limited. Using DCF and luminol assays we examined effects on ROS generation in isolated human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, after in vitro exposure to a total mixture and sub-mixtures of 29 persistent compounds (Cl, Br, and PFAA). The mixtures were based on compounds prominent in blood, breast milk, and/or food. All mixture combinations induced ROS production in one or several of the cell models, and in some cases even at concentrations corresponding to human blood levels (compound range 1 pM - 16 nM). Whilst some interactions were detected (assessed using a mixed linear model), halogenated subgroups mainly acted additively. Mechanistic studies in neutrophils at 500× human levels (0.5 nM - 8 µM) indicated similar mechanisms of action for the Cl, PFAA, the combined PFAA + Cl and total (PFAA + Br + Cl) mixtures, and ROS responses appeared to involve β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and Ca2+ signalling, as well as activation of NADPH oxidases. In line with this, the total mixture also increased cyclic AMP at levels comparable with the non-selective βAR agonist, isoproterenol. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in these responses remain to be elucidated, our data show that POP mixtures at concentrations found in human blood, may trigger stress responses in circulating immune cells. Mixtures of POPs, further seemed to interfere with adrenergic pathways, indicating a novel role of βARs in POP-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johanna Bodin
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christopher Friis Berntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn C Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
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Peripherally administered persistent organic pollutants distribute to the brain of developing chicken embryo in concentrations relevant for human exposure. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:79-87. [PMID: 34757084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can reach the fetal brain and contribute to developmental neurotoxicity. To explore the distribution of POPs to the fetal brain, we exposed chicken embryos to a POP mixture, containing 29 different compounds with concentrations based on blood levels measured in the Scandinavian human population. The mixture was injected into the allantois at embryonic day 13 (E13), aiming at a theoretical concentration of 10 times human blood levels. POPs concentrations in the brain were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after administration. Twenty-seven of the individual compounds were detected during at least one of the time-points analyzed. Generally, the concentrations of most of the measured compounds were within the order of magnitude of those reported in human brain samples. Differences in the speed of distribution to the brain were observed between the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which have protein binding potential, and the lipophilic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Based on pharmacokinetic modeling, PFASs were best described by a one compartment model. PFASs displayed relatively slow elimination (Kel) and persisted at high levels in the brain. Lipophilic OCPs and PCBs could be fitted to a 2-compartment model. These showed high levels in the brain relative to the dose administrated as calculated by area under the curve (AUC)/Dose. Altogether, our study showed that chicken is a suitable model to explore the distribution of POPs into the developing brain at concentrations which are relevant for humans.
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Myhre O, Zimmer KE, Hudecova AM, Hansen KEA, Khezri A, Berntsen HF, Berg V, Lyche JL, Mandal S, Duale N, Ropstad E. Maternal exposure to a human based mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affect gene expression related to brain function in mice offspring hippocampus. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130123. [PMID: 33714876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Male and female mice pups were exposed to a low and high dose of a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during pregnancy and lactation. Most compounds detected in the dams were found in offspring brains. The mice offspring exhibited changed expression of hippocampal genes involved in cognitive function (Adora2a, Auts2, Crlf1, Chrnb2, Gdnf, Gnal, Kcnh3), neuroinflammation (Cd47, Il1a), circadian rhythm (Per1, Clock), redox signalling (Hmox2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation (Cyp1b1). A few genes were differentially expressed in males versus females. Mostly, similar patterns of gene expression changes were observed between the low and high dose groups. Effects on learning and memory function measured in the Barnes maze (not moving, escape latency) were found in the high dose group when combined with moderate stress exposure (air flow from a fan). Mediation analysis indicated adaptation to the effects of exposure since gene expression compensated for learning disabilities (escape latency, walking distance and time spent not moving in the maze). Additionally, random forest analysis indicated that Kcnh3, Gnal, and Crlf1 were the most important genes for escape latency, while Hip1, Gnal and the low exposure level were the most important explanatory factors for passive behaviour (not moving). Altogether, this study showed transfer of POPs to the offspring brains after maternal exposure, modulating the expression level of genes involved in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddvar Myhre
- Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karin E Zimmer
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Alexandra M Hudecova
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Kristine E A Hansen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne F Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar Berg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
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