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Squillacioti G, Charreau T, Wild P, Bellisario V, Ghelli F, Bono R, Bergamaschi E, Garzaro G, Guseva Canu I. Worse pulmonary function in association with cumulative exposure to nanomaterials. Hints of a mediation effect via pulmonary inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38943182 PMCID: PMC11212158 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, nanomaterials are broadly used in a wide range of industrial applications. Such large utilization and the limited knowledge on to the possible health effects have raised concerns about potential consequences on human health and safety, beyond the environmental burden. Given that inhalation is the main exposure route, workers exposed to nanomaterials might be at risk of occurrence of respiratory morbidity and/or reduced pulmonary function. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and respiratory health is still scarce. This study focused on the association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and pulmonary function among 136 workers enrolled in the framework of the European multicentric NanoExplore project. RESULTS Our findings suggest that, independently of lifelong tobacco smoking, ethnicity, age, sex, body mass index and physical activity habits, 10-year cumulative exposure to nanomaterials is associated to worse FEV1 and FEF25 - 75%, which might be consistent with the involvement of both large and small airway components and early signs of airflow obstruction. We further explored the hypothesis of a mediating effect via airway inflammation, assessed by interleukin (IL-)10, IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), all quantified in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of workers. The mediation analysis results suggest that IL-10, TNF-α and their ratio (i.e., anti-pro inflammatory ratio) may fully mediate the negative association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and the FEV1/FVC ratio. This pattern was not observed for other pulmonary function parameters. CONCLUSIONS Safeguarding the respiratory health of workers exposed to nanomaterials should be of primary importance. The observed association between cumulative exposure to nanomaterials and worse pulmonary function parameters underscores the importance of implementing adequate protective measures in the nanocomposite sector. The mitigation of harmful exposures may ensure that workers can continue to contribute productively to their workplaces while preserving their respiratory health over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University Hospital, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, 1066, Switzerland.
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Guseva Canu I, Wild P, Charreau T, Freund R, Toto A, Pralong J, Sakthithasan K, Jouannique V, Debatisse A, Suarez G. Long-term exposure to PM 10 and respiratory health among Parisian subway workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114316. [PMID: 38159498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient PM10 may increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung function decline. We evaluated the long-term exposure to PM10 and its relationship with COPD prevalence and lung function in Parisian subway workers. Participants were randomly selected from a 15,000-subway worker cohort. Individual annual external exposure to PM10 (ePM10) was estimated using a company-specific job-exposure-matrix based on PM10 measurements conducted between 2004 and 2019 in the Parisian subway network. Mean annual inhaled PM10 exposure (iPM10) was modeled as function of ePM10 exposure, inhalation rate, and filtration efficiency of the respiratory protection used. COPD diagnosis was performed in March-May 2021 based on post-bronchodilator spirometry. The relationship between iPM10 and outcomes was assessed using logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for exposure duration and potential confounders. Amongst 254 participants with complete data, 17 were diagnosed as COPD. The mean employment duration was 23.2 ± 7.3years, with annual mean ePM10 of 71.8 ± 33.7 μg/m3 and iPM10 of 0.59 ± 0.27 μg/shift, respectively. A positive but statistically non-significant association was found for COPD prevalence with iPM10 (OR = 1.034, 95%-CI = 0.781; 1.369, per 100 ng/shift) and ePM10 (OR = 1.029, 95%-CI = 0.879; 1.207, per 10 μg/m3). No decline in lung function was associated with PM10 exposure. However, forced expiratory volume during the first second and forced vital capacity lower than normal were positively associated with exposure duration (OR = 1.125, 95%-CI = 1.004; 1.260 and OR = 1.171, 95%-CI = 0.989; 1.386 per year, respectively). Current smoking was strongly associated with COPD prevalence (OR = 6.85, 95%-CI = 1.87; 25.10) and most lung function parameters. This is the first study assessing the relationship between long-term exposure to subway PM10 and respiratory health in subway workers. The risk estimates related with subway PM10 exposure are compatible with those related to outdoor PM10 exposure in the large recent studies. Large cohorts of subway workers are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Freund
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Toto
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Pralong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; SwissMedPro Health Services, Switzerland; Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Suarez
- Center from Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ben Rayana T, Wild P, Debatisse A, Jouannique V, Sakthithasan K, Suarez G, Guseva Canu I. Job Exposure Matrix, a Solution for Retrospective Assessment of Particle Exposure in a Subway Network and Their Long-Term Effects. TOXICS 2023; 11:836. [PMID: 37888686 PMCID: PMC10610788 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health effects after long-term exposure to subway particulate matter (PM) remain unknown due to the lack of individual PM exposure data. This study aimed to apply the job exposure matrix (JEM) approach to retrospectively assess occupational exposure to PM in the Parisian subway. METHODS Job, the line and sector of the transport network, as well as calendar period were four JEM dimensions. For each combination of these dimensions, we generated statistical models to estimate the annual average PM10 concentration using data from an exhaustive inventory of the PM measurement campaigns conducted between 2004 and 2020 in the Parisian subway and historical data from the Parisian air pollution monitoring network. The resulting JEM and its exposure estimates were critically examined by experts using the uncertainty analysis framework. RESULTS The resulting JEM allows for the assignment of the estimated annual PM10 concentration to three types of professionals working in the subway: locomotive operators, station agents, and security guards. The estimates' precision and validity depend on the amount and quality of PM10 measurement data used in the job-, line-, and sector-specific models. Models using large amounts of personal exposure measurement data produced rather robust exposure estimates compared to models with lacunary data (i.e., in security guards). The analysis of uncertainty around the exposure estimates allows for the identification of the sources of uncertainty and parameters to be addressed in the future in order to refine and/or improve the JEM. CONCLUSIONS The JEM approach seems relevant for the retrospective exposure assessment of subway workers. When applied to available data on PM10, it allows for the estimation of this exposure in locomotive operators and station agents with an acceptable validity. Conversely, for security guards, the current estimates have insufficient validity to recommend their use in an epidemiological study. Therefore, the current JEM should be considered as a valid prototype, which shall be further improved using more robust measurements for some jobs. This JEM can also be further refined by considering additional exposure determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesnim Ben Rayana
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration (RATP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Debatisse
- Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration (RATP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Jouannique
- Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration (RATP), 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Suarez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Guseva Canu I, Plys E, Velarde Crézé C, Fito C, Hopf NB, Progiou A, Riganti C, Sauvain JJ, Squillacioti G, Suarez G, Wild P, Bergamaschi E. A harmonized protocol for an international multicenter prospective study of nanotechnology workers: the NanoExplore cohort. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:1-19. [PMID: 36927342 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2180220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology applications are fast-growing in many industrial fields. Consequently, health effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) should be investigated. Within the EU-Life project NanoExplore, we developed a harmonized protocol of an international multicenter prospective cohort study of workers in ENM-producing companies. This article describes the development of the protocol, sample size calculation, data collection and management procedures and discusses its relevance with respect to research needs. Within this protocol, workers' ENM exposure will be assessed over four consecutive working days during the initial recruitment campaign and the subsequent follow-up campaigns. Biomonitoring using noninvasive sampling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), exhaled air, and urine will be collected before and after 4-day exposure monitoring. Both exposure and effect biomarkers, will be quantified along with pulmonary function tests and diagnosed diseases reported using a standardized epidemiological questionnaire available in four languages. Until now, this protocol was implemented at seven companies in Switzerland, Spain and Italy. The protocol is well standardized, though sufficiently flexible to include company-specific conditions and occupational hygiene measures. The recruitment, to date, of 140 participants and collection of all data and samples, enabled us launching the first international cohort of nanotechnology workers. All companies dealing with ENMs could join the NanoExplore Consortium, apply this harmonized protocol and enter in the cohort, concieved as an open cohort. Its protocol meets all requirements of a hypotheses-driven prospective study, which will assess and reassess effects of ENM exposure on workers' health by updating the follow-up of the cohort. New hypothesis could be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Plys
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Velarde Crézé
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Fito
- Institutotecnológico del embalaje, transporte y logística (ITENE), Paterna, Spain
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Kappelt N, Russell HS, Fessa D, Ryswyk KV, Hertel O, Johnson MS. Particulate air pollution in the Copenhagen metro part 1: Mass concentrations and ventilation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107621. [PMID: 36493608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Copenhagen Metro comprises four lines, the M1, M2, M3 and M4, with 25 subterranean stations and an additional 14 stations above ground, serving ca. 80 million passengers annually. In this study we measure fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in stations and in trains across the entire system. In partially underground lines, high PM2.5 concentrations with an average of 109 μg m-3 are found in below-ground stations. The observed correlation between PM2.5 concentration and distance between a station and a tunnel exit is attributed to ventilation via the piston effect. The piston effect via tunnel draught relief shafts was therefore found to be relatively limited. Filter samples of particulate matter are analysed using particle-induced X-ray emission and show an iron content of 88.6 % by mass which is quite different from above-ground particulate matter and consistent with particle production by train wheels, rails and brakes. The average concentration measured at the stations of a recently opened (2019) fully underground M3 closed loop line is 168 μg m-3, further demonstrating that while piston effect-driven ventilation is effective in close proximity to tunnel openings, it is relatively limited via tunnel draught relief shafts. Measurements onboard trains show even higher PM2.5 concentrations and the patterns in CO2 concentrations suggest carriage ventilation by tunnel air. Ventilation via doors during platform stops caused a drop in observed PM (and CO2) at stations, but the system is surprisingly polluted despite its recent construction. CO2 mixing ratios ranged from ambient to around 600 ppm. Measures should be taken to control PM levels using a combination of source control and increased clean air supply of the Copenhagen and other similar metro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Kappelt
- Department of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Airlabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hugo S Russell
- Airlabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dafni Fessa
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Keith Van Ryswyk
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ole Hertel
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Airlabs, Nannasgade 28, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Sixteen-Year Monitoring of Particulate Matter Exposure in the Parisian Subway: Data Inventory and Compilation in a Database. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The regularly reported associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure, and morbidity and mortality due to respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer, and metabolic diseases have led to the reduction in recommended outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 exposure limits. However, indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in subway systems in many cities are often higher than outdoor concentrations. The effects of these exposures on subway workers and passengers are not well known, mainly because of the challenges in exposure assessment and the lack of longitudinal studies combining comprehensive exposure and health surveillance. To fulfill this gap, we made an inventory of the PM measurement campaigns conducted in the Parisian subway since 2004. We identified 5856 PM2.5 and 18,148 PM10 results from both personal and stationary air sample measurements that we centralized in a database along with contextual information of each measurement. This database has extensive coverage of the subway network and will enable descriptive and analytical studies of indoor PM exposure in the Parisian subway and its potential effects on human health.
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Analyse exploratoire des mesures de particules ultrafines en temps réel dans des enceintes ferroviaires souterraines de transport public. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pétremand R, Suárez G, Besançon S, Dil JH, Guseva Canu I. A Real-Time Comparison of Four Particulate Matter Size Fractions in the Personal Breathing Zone of Paris Subway Workers: A Six-Week Prospective Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 14:5999. [PMID: 35909454 PMCID: PMC9170000 DOI: 10.3390/su14105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a Bayesian spline model for real-time mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and PM0.3) measured simultaneously in the personal breathing zone of Parisian subway workers. The measurements were performed by GRIMM, a gravimetric method, and DiSCmini during the workers’ work shifts over two consecutive weeks. The measured PM concentrations were analyzed with respect to the working environment, the underground station, and any specific events that occurred during the work shift. Overall, PM0.3 concentrations were more than an order of magnitude lower compared to the other PM concentrations and showed the highest temporal variation. The PM2.5 levels raised the highest exposure concern: 15 stations out of 37 had higher mass concentrations compared to the reference. Station PM levels were not correlated with the annual number of passengers entering the station, the year of station opening or renovation, or the number of platforms and tracks. The correlation with the number of station entrances was consistently negative for all PM sizes, whereas the number of correspondence concourses was negatively correlated with PM0.3 and PM10 levels and positively correlated with PM1 and PM2.5 levels. The highest PM10 exposure was observed for the station platform, followed by the subway cabin and train, while ticket counters had the highest PM0.3, PM1, and PM2.5 mass concentrations. We further found that compared to gravimetric and DiSCmini measurements, GRIMM results showed some discrepancies, with an underestimation of exposure levels. Therefore, we suggest using GRIMM, calibrated by gravimetric methods, for PM sizes above 1μm, and DiSCmini for sizes below 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pétremand
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Sophie Besançon
- Régie Automne de Transport Parisien (RATP), 75012 Paris, France;
| | - J Hugo Dil
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.P.); (G.S.)
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Sauvain JJ, Hemmendinger M, Suárez G, Creze C, Hopf NB, Jouannique V, Debatisse A, Pralong JA, Wild P, Canu IG. Malondialdehyde and anion patterns in exhaled breath condensate among subway workers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35216613 PMCID: PMC8876786 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underground transportation systems can contribute to the daily particulates and metal exposures for both commuter and subway workers. The redox and metabolic changes in workers exposed to such metal-rich particles have yet to be characterized. We hypothesize that the distribution of nitrosative/oxidative stress and related metabolic biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are modified depending on exposures. RESULTS Particulate number and size as well as mass concentration and airborne metal content were measured in three groups of nine subway workers (station agents, locomotive operators and security guards). In parallel, pre- and post-shift EBC was collected daily during two consecutive working weeks. In this biological matrix, malondialdehyde, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, formate, pyruvate, the sum of nitrite and nitrate (ΣNOx) and the ratio nitrite/nitrate as well as metals and nanoparticle concentrations was determined. Weekly evolution of the log-transformed selected biomarkers as well as their association with exposure variables was investigated using linear mixed effects models with the participant ID as random effect. The professional activity had a strong influence on the pattern of anions and malondialdehyde in EBC. The daily number concentration and the lung deposited surface area of ultrafine particles was consistently and mainly associated with nitrogen oxides variations during the work-shift, with an inhibitory effect on the ΣNOx. We observed that the particulate matter (PM) mass was associated with a decreasing level of acetate, lactate and ΣNOx during the work-shift, suggestive of a build-up of these anions during the previous night in response to exposures from the previous day. Lactate was moderately and positively associated with some metals and with the sub-micrometer particle concentration in EBC. CONCLUSIONS These results are exploratory but suggest that exposure to subway PM could affect concentrations of nitrogen oxides as well as acetate and lactate in EBC of subway workers. The effect is modulated by the particle size and can correspond to the body's cellular responses under oxidative stress to maintain the redox and/or metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Camille Creze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Jouannique
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Debatisse
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Jacques A Pralong
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Division of Research Management, National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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