1
|
Khan A, Khan MS, Shafique MA, Khan Q, Saddiq G. Assessment of potentially toxic and mineral elements in paddy soils and their uptake by rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with associated health hazards in district Malakand, Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28043. [PMID: 38586322 PMCID: PMC10998073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice, a primary food source in many countries of the world accumulate potentially harmful elements which pose a significant health hazard to consumers. The current study aimed to evaluate potentially toxic and mineral elements in both paddy soils and rice grains associated with allied health risks in Malakand, Pakistan. Rice plants with intact root soil were randomly collected from paddy fields and analyzed for mineral and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES). Through deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment models, the daily intake of PTEs with allied health risks from consumption of rice were estimated for children and adults. The results of soil pH (< 8.5) and electrical conductivity (EC > 400 μs/cm), indicated slightly saline nature. The mean phosphorus concentration of 291.50 (mg/kg) in soil samples exceeded FAO/WHO permissible limits. The normalized variation matrix of soil pH with respect to Ni (0.05), Ca (0.05), EC (0.08), and Mg (0.09), indicated significant influence of pH on PTEs mobility. In rice grains, the mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Mg (463.81), Al (70.40), As (1.23), Cr (12.53), Cu (36.07), Fe (144.32), Mn (13.89), and Ni (1.60) exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits. The transfer factor >1 for K, Cu, P and Zn indicated bioavailability and transfer of these elements from soil to rice grains. Monte Carlo simulations of hazard index >1 for Cr, Zn, As, and Cu with certainties of 89.93% and 90.17%, indicated significant noncarcinogenic risks for children and adults from rice consumption. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for adults and children exceeded the USEPA acceptable limits of 1×10-6 to 1×10-4, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ingestion rate was a key risk factor. Arsenic (As) primarily influenced total cancer risk (TCR) in children, while chromium (Cr) significantly impacted adults. Deterministic cancer risk values slightly exceeded probabilistic values due to inherent uncertainties in deterministic analysis. Rice consumption poses health risks, mainly from exposure to Cr, Ni and As in the investigated area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Qaisar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Saddiq
- Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding D, Chen Y, Li X, Chen Q, Kong L, Ying R, Wang L, Wei J, Jiang D, Deng S. Can we redevelop ammonia nitrogen contaminated sites without remediation? The key role of subsurface pH in human health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133630. [PMID: 38330643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer supports global food production, but its manufacturing results in substantial ammonia nitrogen (AN) contaminated sites which remain largely unexplored. In this study, ten representative AN contaminated sites were investigated, covering a wide range of subsurface pH, temperature, and AN concentration. A total of 7232 soil samples and 392 groundwater samples were collected to determine the concentration levels, migration patterns, and accurate health risks of AN. The results indicated that AN concentrations in soil and groundwater reached 12700 mg/kg and 12600 mg/L, respectively. AN concentrations were higher in production areas than in non-production areas, and tended to migrate downward from surface to deeper soil. Conventional risk assessment based on AN concentration identified seven out of the ten sites presenting unacceptable risks, with remediation costs and CO2 emissions amounting to $1.67 million and 17553.7 tons, respectively. A novel risk assessment model was developed, which calculated risks based on multiplying AN concentration by a coefficient fNH3 (the ratio of NH3 to AN concentration). The mean fNH3 values, primarily affected by subsurface pH, varied between 0.02 and 0.25 across the ten sites. This new model suggested all investigated sites posed acceptable health risks related to AN exposure, leading to their redevelopment without AN-specific remediation. This research offers a thorough insight into AN contaminated site, holds great realistic significance in alleviating global economic and climate pressures, and highlights the need for future research on refined health risk assessments for more contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xuwei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Rongrong Ying
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu J, Liu X, Yang B, Li X, Wang P, Yuan B, Wang M, Liang T, Shi P, Li R, Cheng H, Li F. Major influencing factors identification and probabilistic health risk assessment of soil potentially toxic elements pollution in coal and metal mines across China: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116231. [PMID: 38503102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Deposition of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils due to different types of mining activities has been an increasingly important concern worldwide. Quantitative differences of soil PTEs contamination and related health risk among typical mines remain unclear. Herein, data from 110 coal mines and 168 metal mines across China were analyzed based on 265 published literatures to evaluate pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, and probabilistic health risks of soil PTEs. The results showed that PTE levels in soil from both mine types significantly exceeded background values. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) revealed metal-mine soil pollution levels exceeded those of coal mines, with average Igeo values for Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn being 3.02-15.60 times higher. Spearman correlation and redundancy analysis identified natural and anthropogenic factors affecting soil PTE contamination in both mine types. Mining activities posed a significant carcinogenic risk, with metal-mine soils showing a total carcinogenic risk an order of magnitude higher than in coal-mine soils. This study provides policymakers a quantitative foundation for developing differentiated strategies for sustainable remediation and risk-based management of PTEs in typical mining soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Tian Liang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Renyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Jiang D, Ding D, Wei J, Xie W, Zhu X, Deng S, Long T, Wu Y. Comprehensive distribution characteristics and factors affecting the migration of chromium in a typical chromium slag-contaminated site with a long history in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21881-21893. [PMID: 38400974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of abandoned chromium slag-contaminated sites poses serious threats to human health and the environment. Therefore, improving the understanding of their distribution characteristics and health risks by multiple information is necessary. This study explored the distribution, accumulation characteristic, and the role in the migration process of chromium. The results showed that the contents of total Cr and Cr (VI) ranged from 12.00 to 7400.00 mg/kg, and 0.25 to 2160.00 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of both total Cr and Cr (VI) reached the highest value at the depth of 7-9 m, where the silt layer retaining total Cr and Cr (VI) was. The spatial distribution analysis revealed that the total contamination area percentages of total Cr and Cr (VI) reached 7.87% and 90.02% in the mixed fill layer, and reduced to 1.21% and 34.53% in the silty layer, and the same heavily polluted areas were located in the open chromium residue storage. Soil pH and moisture content were the major factors controlling the migration of total Cr and Cr(VI) in soils. Results of probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that carcinogenic risk was negligible for adults and children, and the sensitive analysis implied that the content of Cr(VI) was the predominant contributor to carcinogenic risk. The combination of chemical reduction and microbial remediation could be the feasible remediation strategy for soil Cr(VI) pollution. Overall, this study provides scientific information into the chromium post-remediation and pollution management for various similar chromium-contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Ding
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Xie
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Long
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjin Wu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das SK, Ghosh J, Pramanik AK, Majumdar D, Hossain M, Chatterjee A. Evaluation of non-cancer risk owing to groundwater fluoride and iron in a semi-arid region near the Indo-Bangladesh international frontier. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:33. [PMID: 38227158 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater quality in Hili, a semi-arid border region at Indo-Bangladesh border, was investigated in the post-monsoon season of 2021, succeeded by assessment of probabilistic health risk arising from fluoride (F-) and iron (Fe) intake, with the hypothesis that groundwater quality of the region was not satisfactory for human consumption and health, considering earlier reports on high groundwater F- and Fe in few of the neighboring districts. All water samples were found to be potable in terms of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-, , but F- and Fe exceeded prescribed safe limits for drinking water in about 48% and 7% samples. Almost all water samples were found to be good for irrigation in terms of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly's index (KI), %Na and magnesium ratio (MR). The principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major factors influencing groundwater quality, explaining about 71.8% of total variance and indicated that groundwater quality was primarily influenced by geochemical factors. Carbonate and silicate weathering were mainly responsible for dissolution of minerals in groundwater. Non-carcinogenic risk due to cumulative impact of F-and Fe intake was in the order of THIChildren > THIInfant > THIAdult. As per Monte Carlo simulation run with 5000 trials to ascertain the order of probabilistic health risk, the most dominant governing factors behind non-carcinogenic risk caused by F-and Fe intake were their concentration (Ci) followed by ingestion rate (IR), and exposure duration (ED).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Das
- Design, Synthesis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, India
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Design, Synthesis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, India
| | - Arun Kumar Pramanik
- Design, Synthesis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, India
- Chemical Laboratory, Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Koderma, India
| | - Deepanjan Majumdar
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), i-8, Sector C, EM Bypass, EKADP, Kolkata-700107, India
| | - Mobarok Hossain
- Department of Applied Geosciences, GZG-University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abhik Chatterjee
- Design, Synthesis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su S, Li S, Ding Y, Mao P, Chong D. Health damage assessment of commuters and staff in the metro system based on field monitoring-A case study of Nanjing. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1305829. [PMID: 38274545 PMCID: PMC10808693 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1305829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The metro has emerged as a major mode of transportation. A significant number of commuters and staff in the metro system are exposed to air pollutants because of its shielded environment, and substantial health damage requires quantitative assessment. Previous studies have focused on comparing the health impacts among different transportation modes, overlooking the specific population characteristics and pollutant distribution in metro systems. Methods To make improvements, this study implements field monitoring of the metro's air environment utilizing specialized instruments and develops a health damage assessment model. The model quantifies health damage of two main groups (commuters and staff) in metro systems at three different areas (station halls, platforms, and metro cabins) due to particulate matter 10 and benzene series pollution. Conclusion A case study of Nanjing Metro Line 3 was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Health damage at different metro stations was analyzed, and the health damage of commuters and staff was assessed and compared. This study contributes to enhancing research on health damage in the metro systems by providing a reference for mitigation measures and guiding health subsidy policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Ding
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Mao
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Chong
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Jia C, Yang F, Yang H, Yao Y. Spatio-temporal variation of groundwater pollution in urban wetlands and management strategies for zoning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118318. [PMID: 37315460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important resource to maintain the sustainable development of urban wetlands. The Jixi National Wetland Park (JNWP) was studied to realize the refined prevention and control of groundwater. The self-organizing map-K-means algorithm (SOM-KM), improved water quality index (IWQI), health risk assessment model and forward model were used comprehensively to evaluate the groundwater status and solute sources in different periods. The results showed that the groundwater chemical type in most areas was the HCO3-Ca type. Groundwater chemistry data from different periods were clustered into five groups. Groups 1 and 5 are affected by agricultural and industrial activities, respectively. The IWQI value in the normal period was higher in most areas due to the influence of spring ploughing. The east side of the JNWP was disturbed by human activities, and the quality of drinking water continued to deteriorate from the wet period to the dry period. 64.29% of the monitoring points showed good irrigation suitability. The health risk assessment model showed that the health risk was the largest in the dry period and the smallest in the wet period. The main factors causing health risks in the wet period and other periods were NO3- and F-, respectively. The overall cancer risk was within acceptable limits. The forward model and ion ratio analysis showed that the weathering of carbonate rocks was the main factor affecting the evolution of groundwater chemistry, accounting for 67.16%. The high-risk areas of pollution were mainly concentrated in the east of the JNWP. K+ and Cl- were the key monitoring ions in the risk-free zone and potential risk zone, respectively. The research can be used to help decision-makers carry out fine zoning control of groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|