1
|
Park J, Kim H, Kim Y, Heo J, Kim SW, Jeon K, Yi SM, Hopke PK. Source apportionment of PM 2.5 in Seoul, South Korea and Beijing, China using dispersion normalized PMF. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155056. [PMID: 35395292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
East Asian countries experience severe air pollution owing to their rapid development and urbanization induced by substantial economic activities. South Korea and China are among the most polluted East Asian countries with high mass concentrations of PM2.5. Although the occurrence of transboundary air pollution among neighboring countries has been recognized for a long time, studies involving simultaneous ground-based PM2.5 monitoring and source apportionment in South Korea and China have not been conducted to date. This study performed simultaneous daily ground-based monitoring of PM2.5 in Seoul and Beijing from January to December 2019. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its major chemical components were analyzed simultaneously during 2019. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) as well as dispersion normalized PMF (DN-PMF) were utilized for the source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 at the two sites. 23 h average ventilation coefficients were applied for daily PM2.5 chemical constituents' data. Nine sources were identified at both sites. While secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, mobile, oil combustion, biomass burning, soil, and aged sea salt were commonly found at both sites, industry/coal combustion and incinerator were identified only at Seoul and incinerator/industry and coal combustion were identified only at Beijing. Reduction of the meteorological influences were found in DN-PMF compare to C-PMF but the effects of DN on mobile source were reduced by averaging over the 23 h sampling period. The DN-PMF results showed that Secondary nitrate (Seoul: 25.5%; Beijing: 31.7%) and secondary sulfate (Seoul: 20.5%; Beijing: 17.6%) were most dominant contributors to PM2.5 at both sites. Decreasing secondary sulfate contributions and increasing secondary nitrate contributions were observed at both sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Busan Development Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Jeon
- Climate and Air Quality Research, Department Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao WB, Ju K, Zhou Q, Gao YM, Pan J. Forecasting PM 2.5-induced lung cancer mortality and morbidity at county level in China using satellite-derived PM 2.5 data from 1998 to 2016: a modeling study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22946-22955. [PMID: 32328997 PMCID: PMC7293676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The serious ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the key risk factors for lung cancer. However, existing studies on the health effects of PM2.5 in China were less considered the regional transport of PM2.5 concentration. In this study, we aim to explore the association between lung cancer and PM2.5 and then forecast the PM2.5-induced lung cancer morbidity and mortality in China. Ridge regression (RR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), model tree-based (MT) regression, regression tree (RT) approach, and the combined forecasting model (CFM) were alternative forecasting models. The result of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that both local and regional scale PM2.5 concentration had a significant association with lung cancer mortality and morbidity and compared with the local lag and regional lag exposure to ambient PM2.5; the regional lag effect (0.172~0.235 for mortality; 0.146~0.249 for morbidity) was not stronger than the local lag PM2.5 exposure (0.249~0.294 for mortality; 0.215~0.301 for morbidity). The overall forecasting lung cancer morbidity and mortality were 47.63, 47.86, 39.38, and 39.76 per 100,000 population. The spatial distributions of lung cancer morbidity and mortality share a similar spatial pattern in 2015 and 2016, with high lung cancer morbidity and mortality areas mainly located in the central to east coast areas in China. The stakeholders would like to implement a cross-regional PM2.5 control strategy for the areas characterized as a high risk of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Liao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Ju
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Min Gao
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jay Pan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia F, Wu K, Che Y, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Luo Q, Yu X, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Wang F. ToF‐SIMS analysis of chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in Beijing. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kui Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yanli Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Ying Yu
- Energy and Environment DirectoratePacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences LaboratoryPacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu JW, Martin RV, Henderson BH, Meng J, Oztaner B, Hand JL, Hakami A, Strum M, Phillips SB. Simulation of airborne trace metals in fine particulate matter over North America. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2019; 214:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116883. [PMID: 32665763 PMCID: PMC7359884 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal distributions are of relevance to understand sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM2.5-related health effects, and atmospheric chemistry. However, knowledge of trace metal distributions is lacking due to limited ground-based measurements and model simulations. This study develops a simulation of 12 trace metal concentrations (Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, K, Mg, As, Cd, Ni and Pb) over continental North America for 2013 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Evaluation of modeled trace metal concentrations with observations indicates a spatial consistency within a factor of 2, an improvement over previous studies that were within a factor of 3-6. The spatial distribution of trace metal concentrations reflects their primary emission sources. Crustal element (Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, K) concentrations are enhanced over the central US from anthropogenic fugitive dust and over the southwestern U.S. due to natural mineral dust. Heavy metal (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) concentrations are high over the eastern U.S. from industry. K is abundance in the southeast from biomass burning and high concentrations of Mg is observed along the coast from sea spray. The spatial pattern of PM2.5 mass is most strongly correlated with Pb, Ni, As and K due to their signature emission sources. Challenges remain in accurately simulating observed trace metal concentrations. Halving anthropogenic fugitive dust emissions in the 2011 National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA) inventory and doubling natural dust emissions in the default GEOS-Chem simulation was necessary to reduce biases in crustal element concentrations. A fivefold increase of anthropogenic emissions of As and Pb was necessary in the NATA inventory to reduce the national-scale bias versus observations by more than 80 %, potentially reflecting missing sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Xu
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jun Meng
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Burak Oztaner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny L Hand
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amir Hakami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Strum
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duo B, Cui L, Wang Z, Li R, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J, Zhang H, Qiong A. Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014-2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:28-42. [PMID: 29406111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants including SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O3, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O3 concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O3 and PM10 in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O3 photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O3 pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O3 would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bu Duo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - A Qiong
- Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurai J, Watanabe M, Noma H, Iwata K, Taniguchi J, Sano H, Tohda Y, Shimizu E. Estimation of the effects of heavy Asian dust on respiratory function by definition type. Genes Environ 2017; 39:25. [PMID: 29118866 PMCID: PMC5664575 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-017-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse effects of Asian dust (AD) on health have been demonstrated in earlier studies, but there is no standardized definition for heavy–AD. This study aimed to examine which definition of heavy–AD has the most adverse effect on respiratory function. Methods One–hundred–and–thirty–seven adults with asthma, and 384 school children self-measured their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF). The four definitions of heavy–AD are: (1) the definition provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), (2) daily median AD particle level ≥ 0.07 km−1, obtained through light detection and ranging (LIDAR) (3) hourly AD particle level ≥ 0.1 km−1, and (4) hourly level ≥ 0.07 km−1. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of heavy–AD, by definition type, on daily PEF values. Results In adults with asthma, as per the JMA’s definition, significantly reduced PEF were observed on heavy–AD days (lag 0), lag 0–1, and lag 0–3. In school children, after a heavy–AD event, as defined by the JMA, PEF significantly decreased on lag 0–1, lag 0–2, and lag 0–3. However, as per the other definitions, there was no significant decrease in the PEF in the adults and children. Conclusion The associations between heavy–AD and respiratory function differed between these definitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562 Japan
| | - Kyoko Iwata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.,Mio Fertility Clinic, Reproductive Centre, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jumpei Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-0014 Japan
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, 589-0014 Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhi G, Zhang Y, Sun J, Cheng M, Dang H, Liu S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Xue Z, Li S, Meng F. Village energy survey reveals missing rural raw coal in northern China: Significance in science and policy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:705-712. [PMID: 28196720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Burning coal for winter heating has been considered a major contributor to northern China's winter haze, with the district heating boilers holding the balance. However a decade of intensive efforts on district heating boilers brought few improvements to northern China's winter air quality, arousing a speculation that the household heating stoves mainly in rural area rather than the district heating boilers mainly in urban area dominate coal emissions in winter. This implies an extreme underestimation of rural household coal consumption by the China Energy Statistical Yearbooks (CESYs), although direct evidence supporting this speculation is lacking. A village energy survey campaign was launched to gather the firsthand information on household coal consumption in the rural areas of two cities, Baoding (in Hebei province) and Beijing (the capital of China). The survey data show that the rural raw coal consumption in Baoding (5.04 × 103 kt) was approximately 6.5 times the value listed in the official CESY 2013 and exceeded the rural total of whole Hebei Province (4668 kt), revealing a huge amount of raw coal missing from the current statistical system. More importantly, rural emissions of particulate matter (PM) and SO2 from raw coal, which had never been included in widely distributing environmental statistical reports, were found higher than those from industrial and urban household sectors in the two cities in 2013, which highlights the importance of rural coal burning in creating northern China's heavy haze and helps to explain why a number of modeling predictions on ambient pollutant concentrations based on normal emission inventories were more bias-prone in winter season than in other seasons. We therefore recommend placing greater emphasis on the "missing" rural raw coal to help China in its long-term ambition to achieve clean air in the context of rapid economic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Research, CAS, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hongyan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junchao Yang
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530022, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Liu J, Mauzerall DL, Li X, Fan S, Horowitz LW, He C, Yi K, Tao S. A potential large and persistent black carbon forcing over Northern Pacific inferred from satellite observations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43429. [PMID: 28266532 PMCID: PMC5339901 DOI: 10.1038/srep43429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosol strongly absorbs solar radiation, which warms climate. However, accurate estimation of BC's climate effect is limited by the uncertainties of its spatiotemporal distribution, especially over remote oceanic areas. The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) program from 2009 to 2011 intercepted multiple snapshots of BC profiles over Pacific in various seasons, and revealed a 2 to 5 times overestimate of BC by current global models. In this study, we compared the measurements from aircraft campaigns and satellites, and found a robust association between BC concentrations and satellite-retrieved CO, tropospheric NO2, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) (R2 > 0.8). This establishes a basis to construct a satellite-based column BC approximation (sBC*) over remote oceans. The inferred sBC* shows that Asian outflows in spring bring much more BC aerosols to the mid-Pacific than those occurring in other seasons. In addition, inter-annual variability of sBC* is seen over the Northern Pacific, with abundances varying consistently with the springtime Pacific/North American (PNA) index. Our sBC* dataset infers a widespread overestimation of BC loadings and BC Direct Radiative Forcing by current models over North Pacific, which further suggests that large uncertainties exist on aerosol-climate interactions over other remote oceanic areas beyond Pacific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Denise L. Mauzerall
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Songmiao Fan
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Larry W. Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cenlin He
- Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kan Yi
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu Y, Yim SHL. The air quality and health impacts of domestic trans-boundary pollution in various regions of China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:117-124. [PMID: 27613002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems in China. Literature has reported that outdoor air pollution leads to adverse health problems every year in China. Recent measurement studies found the important regional nature of particulates in China. Trans-boundary air pollution within China has yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the processes of domestic trans-boundary air pollution in China and to apportion the impacts of emissions in different regions on air quality and public health. We applied a state-of-the-art air quality model to simulate air quality in China and then adapted a form of integrated concentration-response function for China to estimate the resultant amount of premature mortality due to exposures to PM2.5. Our findings show that domestic trans-boundary impacts (TBI), on average, account for 27% of the total PM2.5 in China. We estimated that outdoor air pollution caused ~870,000 (95% CI: 130,000-1500,000) premature mortalities in China in 2010, of which on average 18% are attributed to TBI. Among all the regions, North China is the largest contributor to TBI due to 41% of the health impacts of its emissions occurring in other regions. Taiwan (TW) is the smallest contributor to TBI occurring in China, contributing 2% of the national TBI, while TBI causes 22% of the premature mortalities due to outdoor air pollution in TW. Our findings pinpoint the significant impacts of TBI on public health in China, indicating the need for cross-region cooperation to mitigate the air quality impacts and the nation's resultant health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gu
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S H L Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kurai J, Watanabe M, Sano H, Hantan D, Tohda Y, Shimizu E. Effects of Asian Dust Particles on the Early-Stage Antigen-Induced Immune Response of Asthma in NC/Nga Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1144. [PMID: 27854355 PMCID: PMC5129354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asian dust (AD) can aggravate airway inflammation in asthma, but the association between AD and the development of asthma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AD on the early stage of antigen sensitization using a mouse model of asthma, as well as the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in antigen-induced airway inflammation potentiated by AD particles. NC/Nga mice were co-sensitized by intranasal instillation of AD particles and/or Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) for five consecutive days. Df-sensitized mice were stimulated with an intranasal Df challenge at seven days. Mice were treated with the type 1 cysteinyl LT (CysLT₁) receptor antagonist orally 4 h before and 1 h after the allergen challenge. At 24 h post-challenge, the differential leukocyte count, inflammatory cytokines, and LTs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed, and airway inflammation was evaluated histopathologically. AD augmented neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation with increased CysLTs and dihydroxy-LT in a mouse model of asthma. The CysLT₁ receptor antagonist was shown to attenuate both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation augmented by AD. Therefore, exposure to AD may be associated with the development of asthma and LTs may play important roles in airway inflammation augmented by AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Degejirihu Hantan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu R, Li J, Hao Y, Li Y, Zeng L, Xie S. Evolution process and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 560-561:62-72. [PMID: 27093124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
108 ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured continuously at a time resolution of an hour using an online gas chromatography-frame ionization detector/mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS) in October 2014 in Beijing, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed with online data. The evolution process and causes for high levels of VOCs during a haze event were investigated through comprehensive analysis. Results show that mixing ratios of VOCs during the haze event (89.29 ppbv) were 2 to 5 times as that in non-haze days, There was a distinct accumulation process of VOCs at the beginning of the haze event, and the mixing ratios of VOCs maintained at the high levels until to the end of pollution when the mixing ratios of ambient VOCs recovered to the normal concentration levels in a few hours. Some reactive and toxic species increased remarkably as well, which indicates a potential health risk to the public in terms of VOCs. Eight sources were resolved by PMF, and results revealed gasoline exhaust was the largest contributor (32-46%) to the ambient VOCs in Beijing. Emissions of gasoline exhaust surged from 13.46 to 40.36 ppbv, with a similar variation pattern to total VOCs, indicating that high levels of VOCs were largely driven to by expanded vehicular emissions. Emissions of biomass burning also increased noticeably (from 2.32 to 11.12 ppbv), and backward trajectories analysis indicated regional transport of biomass burning emissions. Our findings suggested that extremely high levels of VOCs during the haze event was primarily attributed to vehicular emissions, biomass burning and regional transport, as well as stationary synoptic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufang Hao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurai J, Watanabe M, Sano H, Hantan D, Shimizu E. The Effect of Seasonal Variations in Airborne Particulate Matter on Asthma-Related Airway Inflammation in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060579. [PMID: 27294946 PMCID: PMC4924036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of winter and spring particulate matter (PM) on airway inflammation and allergies in a mouse asthma model. PM was collected during 7–28 February 2013 (winter) and during 7–28 April 2013 (spring) in Yonago, Japan. NC/Nga mice were co-sensitized using intranasal instillation of the PMs and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) for 5 consecutive days, and were subsequently challenged using intranasal Df at 7 days after the last sensitization. At 24 h after the challenge, serum immunoglobulin levels, differential leukocyte counts, and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured in the mice’s bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Compared to co-sensitization using spring PM and Df, winter PM and Df induced greater increases in the BALF neutrophil and eosinophil counts and total serum IgE and IgG2a levels. Furthermore, winter PM-sensitized mice exhibited higher BALF levels of interleukin-5, interleukin-13, interleukin-6, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine. Therefore, we observed seasonal variations in the effects of PM on asthma-related airway inflammation. These findings suggest that the compositions of PM vary according to season, and that it is important to evaluate PM compositions in order to understand the associations between asthma and PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Degejirihu Hantan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Watanabe M, Noma H, Kurai J, Sano H, Mikami M, Yamamoto H, Ueda Y, Touge H, Fujii Y, Ikeda T, Tokuyasu H, Konishi T, Yamasaki A, Igishi T, Shimizu E. Effect of Asian dust on pulmonary function in adult asthma patients in western Japan: A panel study. Allergol Int 2016; 65:147-152. [PMID: 26666479 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian dust (AD) has become a major health concern. The concentration of AD is typically expressed in particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, PM10 and PM2.5 consist of various substances besides AD. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems can selectively measure the quantity of AD particles to distinguish non-spherical airborne particles from spherical airborne particles. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function in adult asthma patients and AD using LIDAR data. METHODS Subjects were 231 adult asthma patients who had their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured from March to May 2012. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association of PEF with sand dust particles detected by LIDAR. RESULTS Increases in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018 km(-1)) led to changes in PEF of -0.42 L/min (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.85 to 0.01). An increase of 11.8 μg/m(3) in suspended particulate matter and 6.9 μg/m(3) in PM2.5 led to decreases of -0.17 L/min (-0.53 to 0.21) and 0.03 L/min (-0.35 to 0.42), respectively. A heavy AD day was defined as a day with a level of AD particles >0.032 km(-1), which was the average plus one standard deviation during the study period, and six heavy AD days were identified. Change in PEF after a heavy AD day was -0.97 L/min (-1.90 to -0.04). CONCLUSIONS Heavy exposure to AD particles was significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function in adult asthma patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Watanabe M, Noma H, Kurai J, Sano H, Ueda Y, Mikami M, Yamamoto H, Tokuyasu H, Kato K, Konishi T, Tatsukawa T, Shimizu E, Kitano H. Differences in the effects of Asian dust on pulmonary function between adult patients with asthma and those with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:183-90. [PMID: 26869784 PMCID: PMC4734731 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s97460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian dust (AD) exposure exacerbates pulmonary dysfunction in patients with asthma. Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS), characterized by coexisting symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is considered a separate disease entity. Previously, we investigated the effects of AD on pulmonary function in adult patients with asthma. Here, we present the findings of our further research on the differences in the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function between patients with asthma alone and those with ACOS. METHODS Between March and May 2012, we conducted a panel study wherein we monitored daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in 231 adult patients with asthma. These patients were divided into 190 patients with asthma alone and 41 patients with ACOS in this study. Daily AD particle levels were measured using light detection and ranging systems. Two heavy AD days (April 23 and 24) were determined according to the Japan Meteorological Agency definition. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association between PEF and AD exposure. RESULTS Increments in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018 km(-1)) led to PEF changes of -0.50 L/min (95% confidence interval, -0.98 to -0.02) in patients with asthma alone and -0.11 L/min (-0.11 to 0.85) in patients with ACOS. The PEF changes after exposure to heavy AD were -2.21 L/min (-4.28 to -0.15) in patients with asthma alone and -2.76 L/min (-6.86 to 1.35) in patients with ACOS. In patients with asthma alone, the highest decrease in PEF values was observed on the heavy AD day, with a subsequent gradual increase over time. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function differ between patients with asthma alone and ACOS, with the former exhibiting a greater likelihood of decreased pulmonary function after AD exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yasuto Ueda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Tokuyasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, 200 Horomachi, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, 1-8-1 Kaikeshinden, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue City Hospital, 32-1 Noshirachou, Matsue, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tatsukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue City Hospital, 32-1 Noshirachou, Matsue, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kitano
- The Board of Directors, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Watanabe M, Noma H, Kurai J, Shimizu A, Sano H, Kato K, Mikami M, Ueda Y, Tatsukawa T, Ohga H, Yamasaki A, Igishi T, Kitano H, Shimizu E. Association of Sand Dust Particles with Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Adult Patients with Asthma in Western Japan Using Light Detection and Ranging: A Panel Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13038-52. [PMID: 26501307 PMCID: PMC4627015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) can estimate daily volumes of sand dust particles from the East Asian desert to Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sand dust particles and pulmonary function, and respiratory symptoms in adult patients with asthma. One hundred thirty-seven patients were included in the study. From March 2013 to May 2013, the patients measured their morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) and kept daily lower respiratory symptom diaries. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the correlation of the median daily levels of sand dust particles, symptoms scores, and PEF. A heavy sand dust day was defined as an hourly concentration of sand dust particles of >0.1 km(-1). By this criterion, there were 8 heavy sand dust days during the study period. Elevated sand dust particles levels were significantly associated with the symptom score (0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.03, 0.05), and this increase persisted for 5 days. There was no significant association between PEF and heavy dust exposure (0.01 L/min; 95% CI, -0.62, 0.11). The present study found that sand dust particles were significantly associated with worsened lower respiratory tract symptoms in adult patients with asthma, but not with pulmonary function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan.
| | - Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Regional Atmospheric Environment Section, Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, 1-8-1 Kaikeshinden, Yonago 683-0002, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Mikami
- Hosshoji Clinic, 286-4 Hossyouji, Nanbuchou, Saihaku 683-0351, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Ueda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tatsukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue City Hospital, 32-1 Noshirachou, Matsue 690-0045, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ohga
- Ohga Clinic, 4-2-1 Nishifukuhara, Yonago 683-0805, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Igishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Kitano
- The Board of Directors, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Watanabe M, Kurai J, Minato S, Noma H, Sano H, Saito R, Aiba S, Oshimura M, Hatakeyama K, Yamasaki A, Shimizu E. Difference in interleukin-8 transcriptional activity induced in THP-G8 cells by particulate matter collected in winter and summer in western Japan. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2015; 62:145-8. [PMID: 26399338 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.62.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne particulate matter (PM) may stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exposure to PM affects pulmonary diseases. However, the effects of PM on pulmonary diseases have differed among studies. METHODS PM was collected from February 2 to 28 (winter) and June 1 to 17 (summer) in 2013 in Yurihama, Japan, using filters to separate particles with different aerodynamic diameters (1.1 to <2.2 μm, 2.2 to <3.3 μm, 3.3 to <7.0 μm, and 7.0 to <10 μm). Interleukin (IL)-8 transcriptional activity in THP-G8 cells was examined in response to winter and summer PM with different diameters. RESULTS IL-8 transcriptional activity induced by winter PM was significantly higher than that with summer PM for each diameter. For winter PM, IL-8 activity increased with an increased diameter, whereas this activity did not differ between a solvent control and each summer PM diameter. This indicates that summer PM does not stimulate production of IL-8 in THP-G8 cells. CONCLUSION The effects of PM on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines differ with the season and PM diameter. This suggests that the compositions of PM differ on season, and the evaluation of compositions of PM is important in understanding the association of health with short-term exposure to PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Watanabe M, Kurai J, Sano H, Yamasaki A, Shimizu E. Difference in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced in THP1 Cells by Particulate Matter Collected on Days with and without ASIAN Dust Storms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:7725-37. [PMID: 26184251 PMCID: PMC4515687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120707725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The associations between particulate matter from Asian dust storms (ADS) and health disorders differ among studies, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, ADS and non-ADS particles were tested for their potential to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with adverse respiratory effects. Particulate matter was collected in Japan during four periods in 2013 (2 × ADS periods; 2 × non-ADS). THP1 cells were exposed to this particulate matter, and the levels of various interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Levels of IL-2 increased significantly following exposure to all particulate matter samples (compared to levels in a solvent control). Increased levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were also observed following exposure to particles collected during three (one ADS and two non-ADS) and two (one ADS and one non-ADS) collection periods, respectively. Thus, the effects of particulate matter on cytokine responses differed according to collection period, and the effects of ADS particles differed for each ADS event. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by ADS particles were not always higher than those induced by non-ADS particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Jun Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang RJ, Zhang Y, Bozzetti C, Ho KF, Cao JJ, Han Y, Daellenbach KR, Slowik JG, Platt SM, Canonaco F, Zotter P, Wolf R, Pieber SM, Bruns EA, Crippa M, Ciarelli G, Piazzalunga A, Schwikowski M, Abbaszade G, Schnelle-Kreis J, Zimmermann R, An Z, Szidat S, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I, Prévôt ASH. High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature 2014; 514:218-22. [PMID: 25231863 DOI: 10.1038/nature13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1590] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization in developing countries has led to an increase in air pollution, along a similar trajectory to that previously experienced by the developed nations. In China, particulate pollution is a serious environmental problem that is influencing air quality, regional and global climates, and human health. In response to the extremely severe and persistent haze pollution experienced by about 800 million people during the first quarter of 2013 (refs 4, 5), the Chinese State Council announced its aim to reduce concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometres) by up to 25 per cent relative to 2012 levels by 2017 (ref. 6). Such efforts however require elucidation of the factors governing the abundance and composition of PM2.5, which remain poorly constrained in China. Here we combine a comprehensive set of novel and state-of-the-art offline analytical approaches and statistical techniques to investigate the chemical nature and sources of particulate matter at urban locations in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an during January 2013. We find that the severe haze pollution event was driven to a large extent by secondary aerosol formation, which contributed 30-77 per cent and 44-71 per cent (average for all four cities) of PM2.5 and of organic aerosol, respectively. On average, the contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) are found to be of similar importance (SOA/SIA ratios range from 0.6 to 1.4). Our results suggest that, in addition to mitigating primary particulate emissions, reducing the emissions of secondary aerosol precursors from, for example, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning is likely to be important for controlling China's PM2.5 levels and for reducing the environmental, economic and health impacts resulting from particulate pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Huang
- 1] Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China [3]
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland [2] Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Bozzetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Yongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Kaspar R Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Stephen M Platt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Canonaco
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zotter
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Pieber
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Emily A Bruns
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Monica Crippa
- 1] Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Air and Climate Unit, Via Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ciarelli
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Piazzalunga
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland [2] Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosol and Health (HICE), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosol and Health (HICE), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- 1] Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosol and Health (HICE), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany [2] University of Rostock, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 18015 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zhisheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- 1] Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2]
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
China is the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic air pollutants, and measurable amounts of Chinese pollution are transported via the atmosphere to other countries, including the United States. However, a large fraction of Chinese emissions is due to manufacture of goods for foreign consumption. Here, we analyze the impacts of trade-related Chinese air pollutant emissions on the global atmospheric environment, linking an economic-emission analysis and atmospheric chemical transport modeling. We find that in 2006, 36% of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide, 27% of nitrogen oxides, 22% of carbon monoxide, and 17% of black carbon emitted in China were associated with production of goods for export. For each of these pollutants, about 21% of export-related Chinese emissions were attributed to China-to-US export. Atmospheric modeling shows that transport of the export-related Chinese pollution contributed 3-10% of annual mean surface sulfate concentrations and 0.5-1.5% of ozone over the western United States in 2006. This Chinese pollution also resulted in one extra day or more of noncompliance with the US ozone standard in 2006 over the Los Angeles area and many regions in the eastern United States. On a daily basis, the export-related Chinese pollution contributed, at a maximum, 12-24% of sulfate concentrations over the western United States. As the United States outsourced manufacturing to China, sulfate pollution in 2006 increased in the western United States but decreased in the eastern United States, reflecting the competing effect between enhanced transport of Chinese pollution and reduced US emissions. Our findings are relevant to international efforts to reduce transboundary air pollution.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hsu NC, Li C, Krotkov NA, Liang Q, Yang K, Tsay SC. Rapid transpacific transport in autumn observed by the A-train satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Fischer EV, Perry KD, Jaffe DA. Optical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to Mount Bachelor during spring 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Fischer EV, Jaffe DA, Marley NA, Gaffney JS, Marchany-Rivera A. Optical properties of aged Asian aerosols observed over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Chen ZM, Jie CY, Li S, Wang HL, Wang CX, Xu JR, Hua W. Heterogeneous reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone: Kinetics and mechanisms of uptake and ozonolysis on silicon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|