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Valerian Corda J, Shenoy BS, Ahmad KA, Lewis L, K P, Rao A, Zuber M. Comparison of microparticle transport and deposition in nasal cavity of three different age groups. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:44-56. [PMID: 38343121 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The nasal cavity effectively captures the particles present in inhaled air, thereby preventing harmful and toxic pollutants from reaching the lungs. This filtering ability of the nasal cavity can be effectively utilized for targeted nasal drug delivery applications. This study aims to understand the particle deposition patterns in three age groups: neonate, infant, and adult.Materials and methods: The CT scans are built using MIMICS 21.0, followed by CATIA V6 to generate a patient-specific airway model. Fluid flow is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2. Spherical monodisperse microparticles ranging from 2 to 60 µm and a density of 1100 kg/m3 are simulated at steady-state and sedentary inspiration conditions.Results: The highest nasal valve depositions for the neonate are 25% for 20 µm, for infants, 10% for 50 µm, 15% for adults, and 15% for 15 µm. At mid nasal region, deposition of 15% for 20 µm is observed for infant and 8% for neonate and adult nasal cavities at a particle size of 10 and 20 µm, respectively. The highest particle deposition at the olfactory region is about 2.7% for the adult nasal cavity for 20 µm, and it is <1% for neonate and infant nasal cavities.Discussion and conclusions: The study of preferred nasal depositions during natural sedentary breathing conditions is utilized to determine the size that allows medication particles to be targeted to specific nose regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Valerian Corda
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - B Satish Shenoy
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamarul Arifin Ahmad
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Lewis
- Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College & Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakashini K
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Kasturba Medical College & Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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2
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Yu X, Han Y, Liu J, Cao Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Lyu J, Zhou Z, Yan Y, Zhang Y. Distribution characteristics and potential risks of bioaerosols during scattered farming. iScience 2023; 26:108378. [PMID: 38025774 PMCID: PMC10679821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In most economically underdeveloped areas, scattered farming and human‒livestock cohabitation are common. However, production of bioaerosols and their potential harm in these areas have not been previously researched. In this study, bioaerosol characteristics were analyzed in scattered farming areas in rural Northwest China. The highest bacteria, fungi, and Enterobacteria concentrations were 125609 ± 467 CFU/m³, 25175 ± 10305 CFU/m³, and 4167 ± 592 CFU/m³, respectively. Most bioaerosols had particle sizes >3.3 μm. A total of 71 bacterial genera and 16 fungal genera of potential pathogens were identified, including zoonotic potential pathogenic genera. Moreover, our findings showed that the scattered farming pattern of human‒animal cohabitation can affect the indoor air environment in the surrounding area, leading to chronic respiratory diseases in the occupants. Therefore, relevant government departments and farmers should enhance their awareness of bioaerosol risks and consider measures that may be taken to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Jinxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, PR China
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3
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Sajjad B, Rasool K, Siddique A, Jabbar KA, El-Malaha SS, Sohail MU, Almomani F, Alfarra MR. Size-resolved ambient bioaerosols concentration, antibiotic resistance, and community composition during autumn and winter seasons in Qatar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122401. [PMID: 37598930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the size distribution, microbial composition, and antibiotic resistance (ABR) of airborne bioaerosols at a suburban location in Doha, Qatar between October 2021 and January 2022. Samples were collected using an Andersen six-stage viable cascade impactor and a liquid impinger. Findings showed that the mean bacteria concentration (464 CFU/m3) was significantly higher than that of fungi (242 CFU/m3) during the study period. Both bacteria and fungi were most abundant in the aerodynamic size fractions of 1.10-2.21 μm, with peak concentrations observed in the mornings and lowest concentrations in the afternoons across all size fractions. A total of 24 different culturable species were identified, with the most abundant ones being Pasteurella pneumotropica (9.71%), Pantoea spp. 1 (8.73%), and Proteus penneri (7.77%) spp. At the phylum level, the bacterial community configurations during the autumn and winter seasons were nearly identical as revealed by molecular genomics, with Proteobacteria being the most predominant, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota. However, there was a significant variation in dominant genera between autumn and winter. The most abundant genera included Sphingomonas, Paraburkholderia, Comamonas, Bacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Several bacterial genera identified in this study have important public health and ecological implications, including the risk of respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, the study found that ABR was highest in December, with bioaerosols exhibiting resistance to at least 5 out of 10 antibiotics, and 100% resistance to Metronidazole in all samples. Metagenomics analysis revealed the presence of various airborne bacteria that were not detected through culture-dependent methods. This study provides valuable insights into the airborne microbial composition, temporal variability and ABR in the Arabian Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sajjad
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khadeeja Abdul Jabbar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shimaa S El-Malaha
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - M Rami Alfarra
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Zhang S, Liang Z, Wang X, Ye Z, Li G, An T. Bioaerosols in an industrial park and the adjacent houses: Dispersal between indoor/outdoor, the impact of air purifier, and health risk reduction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107778. [PMID: 36724713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhaling airborne pathogens may cause severe epidemics showing huge threats to indoor dwellings residents. The ventilation, environmental parameters, and human activities would affect the abundance and pathogenicity of bioaerosols in indoor. However, people know little about the indoor airborne microbes especially pathogens near the industrial park polluted with organics and heavy metals. Herein, the indoor bioaerosols' community composition, source and influencing factors near an electronic waste (e-waste) industrial park were investigated. Results showed that the average bioaerosol level in the morning was lower than evening. Bioaerosol concentration and activity in indoor (1936 CFU/m3 and 7.62 × 105 ng/m3 sodium fluorescein in average) were lower than the industrial park (4043 CFU/m3 and 7.77 × 105 ng/m3 sodium fluorescein), and higher microbial viability may be caused by other pollutants generated during e-waste dismantling process. Fluorescent biological aerosol particles occupied 17.6%-23.7% of total particles, indicating that most particles were non-biological. Bacterial communities were richer and more diverse than fungi. Furthermore, Bacillus and Cladosporium were the dominant indoor pathogens, and pathogenic fungi were more influenced by environmental factors than bacteria. SourceTracker analysis indicates that outdoor was the main source of indoor bioaerosols. The hazard quotient (<1) of airborne microbes through inhalation was negligible, but long-term exposure to pathogens could be harmful. Air purifiers could effectively remove the airborne fungi and spheroid bacteria than cylindrical bacteria, but open doors and windows would reduce the purification efficiency. This study is great important for risk assessments and control of indoor bioaerosols near industrial park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhishu Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zikai Ye
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Taushiba A, Dwivedi S, Zehra F, Shukla PN, Lawrence AJ. Assessment of indoor air quality and their inter-association in hospitals of northern India-a cross-sectional study. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1023-1036. [PMID: 37213469 PMCID: PMC9985081 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was commenced to evaluate the indoor and outdoor air quality concentrations of PM2.5, sub-micron particles (PM>2.5, PM1.0-2.5, PM0.50 -1.0, PM0.25-0.50, and PM<0.25), heavy metals, and microbial contaminants along with their identification in three different hospitals of Lucknow City. The study was conducted from February 2022 to April 2022 in hospitals situated in the commercial, residential, and industrial belts of the city. The indoor concentration trend of particulate matter as observed during the study suggested that most of the highest concentrations belonged to the hospital situated in an industrial area. The highest obtained indoor and outdoor concentrations for PM1.0-2.5, PM0.50-1.0, PM0.25-0.50, and PM<0.25 are 40.44 µg/m3, 56.08 µg/m3, 67.20 µg/m3, 74.50 µg/m3, 61.9 µg/m3, 79.3 µg/m3, 82.0 µg/m3, and 93.9 µg/m3, respectively, which belonged to hospital C situated in the industrial belt. However, for PM>2.5, the highest indoor concentration obtained belonged to hospital B, i.e., 30.7 µg/m3, which is situated in the residential belt of the city. Regarding PM2.5, the highest indoor and outdoor concentrations obtained are 149.41 µg/m3 and 227.45 µg/m3, which were recorded at hospital A and hospital C, respectively. The present study also observed that a high bacterial load of 1389.21 CFU/m3 is recorded in hospital B, and the fungi load was highest in hospital C with 786.34 CFU/m3. Henceforth, the present study offers thorough information on the various air pollutants in a crucial indoor setting, which will further aid the researchers in the field to identify and mitigate the same more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Taushiba
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Samridhi Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India
| | - Farheen Zehra
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India
| | - Pashupati Nath Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology & Microbial Technology, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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6
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Jiang X, Wang C, Guo J, Hou J, Guo X, Zhang H, Tan J, Li M, Li X, Zhu H. Global Meta-analysis of Airborne Bacterial Communities and Associations with Anthropogenic Activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9891-9902. [PMID: 35785964 PMCID: PMC9301914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microbiome alterations, an emerging global health concern, have been linked to anthropogenic activities in numerous studies. However, these studies have not reached a consensus. To reveal general trends, we conducted a meta-analysis using 3226 air samples from 42 studies, including 29 samples of our own. We found that samples in anthropogenic activity-related categories showed increased microbial diversity, increased relative abundance of pathogens, increased co-occurrence network complexity, and decreased positive edge proportions in the network compared with the natural environment category. Most of the above conclusions were confirmed using the samples we collected in a particular period with restricted anthropogenic activities. Additionally, unlike most previous studies, we used 15 human-production process factors to quantitatively describe anthropogenic activities. We found that microbial richness was positively correlated with fine particulate matter concentration, NH3 emissions, and agricultural land proportion and negatively correlated with the gross domestic product per capita. Airborne pathogens showed preferences for different factors, indicating potential health implications. SourceTracker analysis showed that the human body surface was a more likely source of airborne pathogens than other environments. Our results advance the understanding of relationships between anthropogenic activities and airborne bacteria and highlight the role of airborne pathogens in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiaheng Hou
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Tan
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mo Li
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing
National Day School, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huaiqiu Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center
for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- . Phone: 8610-6276-7261
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7
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Morphology, Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum menglaense sp. nov., Isolated from Air in China. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101243. [PMID: 34684192 PMCID: PMC8539784 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species, Colletotrichum menglaense, isolated from air in Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, was characterized and described combining morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analysis. Morphologically, it is characterized by oblong, sometimes slightly constricted, micro-guttulate conidia and simple obovoid to ellipsoidal appressoria. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, ACT, CHS, and GAPDH sequences showed that C. menglaense belongs to the C. gloeosporioides complex. The pathogenicity of C. menglaense on fruits of several crop plants, including strawberry, orange, grape, tomato, and blueberry, was tested and confirmed by the re-isolation of C. menglaense.
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Mishra D, Yadav R, Pratap Singh R, Taneja A, Tiwari R, Khare P. The incorporation of lemongrass oil into chitosan-nanocellulose composite for bioaerosol reduction in indoor air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117407. [PMID: 34049138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased recently. In this regard, the present investigation described the preparation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites (CH/CNF) for controlling the indoor air bioaerosol. The evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the composite system on culturable bacteria of the indoor air was done at different sites (air volume from 30 m3 to 80 m3) and in different size fractions of aerosol (<0.25 μm-2.5 μm). The composite system had high encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) and citrals content. A significant reduction in culturable bacteria of aerosol (from 6.23 log CFUm-3 to 2.33 log CFUm-3) was observed in presence of cellulose nanofibers and chitosan composites. The bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides sp., Pseudomonas otitidis, and Pseudomonas sp. Cf0-3 in bioaerosols were inhibited dominantly due to the diffusion of aroma molecules in indoor air. The results indicate that the interaction of diffused aroma molecule from the composite system with bacterial strains enhanced the production of ROS, resulting in loss of membrane integrity of bacterial cells. Among different size fractions of aerosol, the composite system was more effective in finer size fractions (<0.25 μm) of aerosol due to the interaction of smaller aroma compounds with bacterial cells. The study revealed that LGEO loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites could be a good option for controlling the culturable bacteria even in small-sized respirable bioaerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Mishra
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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9
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Ye J, Qian H, Zhang J, Sun F, Zhuge Y, Zheng X. Combining culturing and 16S rDNA sequencing to reveal seasonal and room variations of household airborne bacteria and correlative environmental factors in nanjing, southeast china. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1095-1108. [PMID: 33655612 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bioaerosols poses important health effects on occupants. To elucidate seasonal and room variations of household airborne bacteria, this study investigated 30 residential homes during summer and winter throughout Nanjing, Southeast China, with a humid subtropical climate. Culturing and 16S rDNA sequencing methods were combined in this study. Results showed that the community structure and composition in the same season but different homes show similarity, however, they in the same home but in different seasons show a huge difference, with Sphingomonas (25.3%), Clostridium (14.8%), and Pseudomonas (7.6%) being the dominant bacteria in summer, and Pseudomonas (57.1%) was dominant bacteria in winter. Culturable concentrations of bacteria were also significantly higher in summer (854 ± 425 CFU/m3 ) than in winter (231 ± 175 CFU/m3 ), but difference by home or room was relatively minor. More than 80% of culturable bacteria (<4.7 μm) could penetrate into lower respiratory tract. The seasonal variations of bacterial community and concentrations were closely associated with seasonal variations of temperature, humidity, and PM2.5 . Higher concentrations and larger sizes were observed in the bathroom and kitchen, typically with higher humidity than other rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Building Energy Environment & Equipments, Ministry of Education, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Building Energy Environment & Equipments, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jianshun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Fan Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Building Energy Environment & Equipments, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Zhuge
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Building Energy Environment & Equipments, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Azaglo GSK, Khogali M, Hann K, Pwamang JA, Appoh E, Appah-Sampong E, Agyarkwa MAK, Fiati C, Kudjawu J, Hedidor GK, Akumwena A, Timire C, Tweya H, Opintan JA, Harries AD. Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030110. [PMID: 34201909 PMCID: PMC8293412 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Saviour Kudjo Azaglo
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-244057607
| | - Mohammed Khogali
- Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katrina Hann
- Sustainable Health Systems, Lumley Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone;
| | - John Alexis Pwamang
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Emmanuel Appoh
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Ebenezer Appah-Sampong
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Meldon Ansah-Koi Agyarkwa
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Carl Fiati
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Jewel Kudjawu
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - George Kwesi Hedidor
- World Health Organization Country Office, P.O. Box MB 142, Roman Ridge, Accra, Ghana;
| | - Amos Akumwena
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; (A.A.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Collins Timire
- Ministry of Health, P.O. Box CY 1122, Harare, Zimbabwe;
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Hannock Tweya
- The Lighthouse Trust, P.O. Box 106, Lilongwe, Malawi;
| | - Japheth A. Opintan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; (A.A.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75006 Paris, France;
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Yang L, Shen Z, Wang D, Wei J, Wang X, Sun J, Xu H, Cao J. Diurnal Variations of Size-Resolved Bioaerosols During Autumn and Winter Over a Semi-Arid Megacity in Northwest China. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000411. [PMID: 34036209 PMCID: PMC8137277 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols have a major negative effect on air quality and on public health by causing the spread of diseases. This study evaluated the bioaerosol composition and variation in a semi-arid megacity of northwest China from October 2019 to January 2020 using an Andersen six-stage impactor sampler. The size distribution, diurnal variations of the concentrations of airborne bacteria, airborne fungi, and total airborne microbes (TAM) were investigated in autumn and winter. The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, and TAM were 523.5 ± 301.1 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3, 1318.9 ± 447.8 CFU/m3, and (7.25 ± 1.90) × 106 cells/m3, respectively, in autumn and 581 ± 305.4 CFU/m3, 1234.4 ± 519.9 CFU/m3, and (5.96 ± 1.65) × 106 cells/m3, respectively, in winter. The mean bioaerosol concentrations were slightly higher on nonhaze days than on haze days, but the difference was not statistically significant. Higher ambient particulate matter levels and atmospheric oxidation capacity inhibited bacteria survival. The diurnal maximum bioaerosol concentration was observed in the morning in autumn, whereas in winter, bioaerosols did not exhibit such a distribution, the impact of human activities on bioaerosols was still uncertain. The size of airborne bacteria exhibited a bimodal distribution, whereas a unimodal pattern was observed for fungi and TAM. Most bacteria, fungi, and TAM were distributed in the respirable ranges from trachea and primary bronchi to alveoli, indicating that bioaerosols have a high risk of being inhaled and causing respiratory diseases in Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junqiang Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
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12
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Yan C, Wang RN, Zhao XY. Emission characteristics of bioaerosol and quantitative microbiological risk assessment for equipping individuals with various personal protective equipment in a WWTP. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129117. [PMID: 33272663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a nonnegligible source of bioaerosols that can pose health risks to workers and nearby residents. Thus, this study systematically investigated the emission characteristics of the size distribution and concentration of Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol in a WWTP. Then, the research focused on the quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of workers and nearby residents for equipping them with various grades personal protective equipment (PPE). Results showed that the peak proportion of the size distributions of bioaerosol particles in the three sources all obtained a size range between 3.3 and 4.7 μm. In the residential building, the peak proportion was larger (>7.0 μm). Referring to the three sources, the average bioaerosol concentrations were in the following sequence: inverted umbrella aerator tank > residual sludge storage yard > microporous aerator tank. The health risks of residents were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the other two exposure scenarios and were clearly beyond the benchmarks. Meanwhile, the health risks of the field engineer were usually lower than those of the staff at the residual sludge storage yard. In general, equipping workers and residents with PPE could at least decrease the health risks by one order of magnitude, and higher-grade PPE could appropriately promote the reduction of health risks. This research systematically delivered a series of novel data about the emission characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol in a WWTP. It advanced the understanding of the quantitative health risks of equipping individuals with various PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Rui-Ning Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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Madhwal S, Prabhu V, Sundriyal S, Shridhar V. Ambient bioaerosol distribution and associated health risks at a high traffic density junction at Dehradun city, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:196. [PMID: 32086610 PMCID: PMC7087893 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traffic junctions are one of the crowded places where commuters are at high risk of developing respiratory infections, due to their greater exposure to airborne and human transmitted microbial pathogens. An airborne bioaerosol assessment study was carried out at a high traffic density junction focusing on their concentration, contribution in respirable particulate matter (PM), and factors influencing the distribution and microbial diversity. Andersen six-stage viable cascade impactor and a wide-range aerosol spectrometer were used for microbial and particulate matter measurements, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between bioaerosol concentration, vehicular count, PM concentration, and meteorological parameters. The mean bacteria concentration (1962.95 ± 651.85 CFU/m3) was significantly different than fungi (1118.95 ± 428.34 CFU/m3) (p < 0.05). The temporal distribution showed maximum concentration for bacteria and fungi during monsoon and postmonsoon seasons, respectively. In terms of bioaerosol loading, a considerable fraction of fungi (3.25%) and bacteria (5.65%) contributed to the total airborne PM. Most abundant bioaerosols were Aspergillus (27.58%), Penicillium (23%), and Cladosporium (14.05%) (fungi), and Micrococcus (25.73%), Staphylococcus (17.98%), and Bacillus (13.8%) (bacteria). Traffic-induced roadside soil resuspension and microbial aerosolizations from the human body were identified as the chief sources of bioaerosol emissions. The risk of lower respiratory tract infections caused by anthroponotic (human transmitted) transfer of bacterial pathogens is very high. The results of the study can be used to trace sources of microbial mediated communicable diseases, and to recommend appropriate safety measures to avoid pathogenic bioaerosol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Madhwal
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vignesh Prabhu
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Sangeeta Sundriyal
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vijay Shridhar
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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14
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Yan X, Qiu D, Zheng S, Yang J, Sun H, Wei Y, Han J, Sun J, Su X. Distribution characteristics and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi during winter in Xinxiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36698-36709. [PMID: 31741271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are an important component of particulate matter in the atmosphere and are harmful to human health. In this study, the concentration, size distribution, and factors influencing culturable airborne bacteria and fungi in the atmosphere were investigated using a six-stage impactor device in the city of Xinxiang, China, during the winter season. The results revealed that the concentration of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi varied significantly during the sampling period: 4595 ± 3410 and 6358 ± 5032 CFU/m3, respectively. The particle sizes of the bioaerosols were mainly within stage V (1.1-2.1 μm), and fine particulate matter accounted for 45.9% ± 18.9% of airborne bacteria and 52.0% ± 18.5% of airborne fungi, respectively. With the deterioration of air quality, the concentration of airborne fungi gradually increased, and that of airborne bacteria increased when the air quality index was lower than 200 and decreased when it was higher than 200. With respect to the diurnal variation pattern of bioaerosol concentration, the highest and lowest concentrations were registered at night and noon, respectively, probably because of changes in ultraviolet radiation intensity. Bioaerosol concentration positively correlated with humidity, concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 and negatively correlated with O3 concentration. The risk of exposure of humans to the airborne bacteria was primarily associated with the respiratory inhalation pathway, and the risk of skin exposure was negligible. These results should improve our understanding of the threat of bioaerosols to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Dezhi Qiu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Shikan Zheng
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jingru Han
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xianfa Su
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
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15
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Efficiency and Eco-Costs of Air Purifiers in Terms of Improving Microbiological Indoor Air Quality in Dwellings—A Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, a by-product of economic growth, generates an enormous environmental cost in Poland. The issue of healthy living spaces and indoor air quality (IAQ) is a global concern because people spend approximately 90% of their time indoors. An increasingly popular method to improve IAQ is to use air purifiers (APs). Indoor air is often polluted by bioaerosols (e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi), which are a major concern for public health. This work presents research on culturable bacterial aerosol (CBA) samples collected from dwellings with or without active APs during the 2019 summer season. The CBA samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen cascade impactor (ACI). The CBA concentrations were expressed as Colony Forming Units (CFU) per cubic metre of air. The average concentration of CBA in dwellings when the AP was active was 450–570 CFU/m3, whereas the average concentration when the AP was not active was 920–1000 CFU/m3. IAQ, when the APs were active, was on average almost 50% better than in cases where there were no procedures to decrease the concentration of air pollutants. Moreover, the obtained results of the particle size distribution (PSD) of CBA indicate that the use of APs reduced the proportion of the respirable fraction (the particles < 3.3 µm) by about 16%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to assess the ecological cost of air purification. Our conceptual approach addresses the impact of indoor air pollution on human health and estimates the ecological cost of APs and air pollution prevention policies.
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16
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17
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Brągoszewska E. Exposure to Bacterial and Fungal Aerosols: Microorganism Indices in A Waste-Sorting Plant in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183308. [PMID: 31505746 PMCID: PMC6765772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increased understanding of airborne microorganism populations should enable a better interpretation of bioaerosol exposure found in a working environment. An assessment of the contamination levels of mesophilic bacterial aerosol (MBA) and fungal aerosol (FA) was carried out using two evaluation indices for microbiological pollution—the total index of microbiological contamination per cubic meter (TIMC/m3) and the indoor–outdoor index (IOI). An advantage of selected indices is the inclusion of several co-existing factors that have an impact on the formation of bioaerosol. When properly used, they also highlight the low efficiency of the ventilation system caused by an insufficient air exchange. In this study, the microbial air quality (MAQ) of the working environment was assessed during the spring season at a sorting plant located in Southern Poland. Sampling was undertaken in the plant using an Andersen six-stage impactor which allows the obtainment of information about the size distribution of the air microflora. The value of average concentrations of MBA and the average concentration of FA collected in the preliminary cabin of the sorting plant (PCSP) and the cleaning cabin of the sorting plant (CCSP) were analyzed. The obtained values of MBA were 1.6 times higher indoors, compared to outdoors, while FA was 1.7 times higher outdoors than indoors. The maximum TIMC/m3 value was obtained in PCSP (2626). The calculated IOI in this study suggests that MBA concentrations are influenced by internal sources, as opposed to FA. The purpose of this work was to present the usefulness of using indices in assessing air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Brągoszewska
- Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18 Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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18
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Chen M, Qiu T, Sun Y, Song Y, Wang X, Gao M. Diversity of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant bacteria in aerosols and manures from four types of animal farms in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24213-24222. [PMID: 31230244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Confined animal feeding operations generate high levels of airborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including pathogenic strains that may pollute the local environment or pose a health risk to both animals and workers. However, the communities of airborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria in such operations are not fully understood, especially in fine particles that penetrate deeply into the respiratory system. To address these gaps, manures and aerosols from inside and outside of animal houses were collected, and the characteristics of antibiotic-resistant bacteria were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing to amplify the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. The results indicated that animal species was the main factor that influenced the bacterial community of both manure and aerosol samples, while antibiotic selection was the major factor that influenced the bacterial community of aerosol samples from the inside of animal houses. An obvious clustering difference was detected between manure and aerosol samples. No significant difference in both alpha- and beta-diversity indices was detected between fine and coarse particles. As a key genus, Staphylococcus was found to drive the difference in the bacterial community of tetracycline-resistant bacteria to total culturable bacteria and erythromycin-resistant bacteria and also the difference in the bacterial community from aerosol to manure samples. Current data would help in evaluating the risk to human and livestock health and tracing the source of airborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuming Wang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
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19
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Air Quality and Potential Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Bacterial Aerosol in a Waste Sorting Plant Located in the Mountain Region of Southern Poland, Around Which There Are Numerous Rural Areas. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown an association between working in waste sorting plants (SP) and occupational health problems, such as skin irritation or pulmonary diseases. These symptoms have been related to biological aerosol exposure. The main goal of this work was to assess the levels of concentration and the characteristics of bacterial aerosols in waste sorting plants, based on measurements taken in a plant located in the mountain region of Southern Poland, around which there are numerous rural areas. The average concentrations of culturable bacterial aerosol (CCBA) collected in the unloading hall of the waste sorting plant (UHSP) and the outdoor air of the sorting plant (OSP) were 2687 CFU/m3 and 1138 CFU/m3, respectively. Sampling was undertaken in the plant using an Andersen six-stage impactor (with aerodynamic cut-off diameters of 7.0, 4.7, 3.3, 2.1, 1.1, and 0.65 μm), during the spring of 2019. Size distributions were unimodal, with a peak in particle bacterial aerodynamic diameters at less than 3.3 µm, increasing the potentially adverse health effects of their inhalation. An analysis was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated strains of bacteria. During the study, it was found that isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus were most frequently detected in the waste sorting plant. Isolates with the highest resistance to antibiotics belonged to the genus Neisseria. This test indicates that the use of personal protective equipment is necessary.
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Indoor Air Quality and Potential Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in an Office Rooms in Southern Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112604. [PMID: 30469413 PMCID: PMC6267043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this article are to characterize: the quantity of culturable bacterial aerosol (QCBA) and the quality of culturable bacterial aerosol (QlCBA) in an office building in Southern Poland during the spring. The average concentration of culturable bacterial aerosol (CCBA) in this building ranged from 424 CFU m-3 to 821 CFU m-3, below Polish proposals for threshold limit values. Size distributions were unimodal, with a peak of particle bacterial aerodynamic diameters less than 3.3 μm, increasing potentially adverse health effects due to their inhalation. The spring office exposure dose (SPED) of bacterial aerosol was estimated. The highest value of SPED was in April (218 CFU kg-1), whereas the lowest was in June (113 CFU kg-1). Analysis was undertaken to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated strains and their ability to form biofilms, which may facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. In the course of the study, it was found that Staphylococcus xylosus had the greatest ability to form biofilms, while the strains with the highest antibiotic resistance were Micrococcus luteus D and Macrococcus equipercicus. Given that mainly antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from bioaerosol were isolated, which transfers resistance genes to their plasmids, this shows the need for increased monitoring of indoor air quality in workplaces.
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21
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Ghanizadeh F, Godini H. A review of the chemical and biological pollutants in indoor air in hospitals and assessing their effects on the health of patients, staff and visitors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:231-245. [PMID: 30074898 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Indoor air quality in hospitals has been specifically considered in terms of its impact on health. Air quality is an important risk factor influencing the health of staff and patients who are in contact with indoor air inhaled in hospitals. Over the past two decades, hundreds of studies have been developed to assess pollution in hospital environment. Two hundred and fitfy papers from around the world, from the last two decades, were identified and reviewed. Recent studies have found that the presence of various chemical and biological pollutants affected the health of patients, staff and visitors. Nearly all the reports agree that chemical and biological pollutants in the hospital environment have adverse effects. In most of the reviewed papers, analysis of health hazards was conducted for personnel and patients to toxic metals, chlorine, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5−10) particles, and bio-aerosol in the inhaled air of the hospital environment. Some papers showed that some of the metals are carcinogens and others do not have a carcinogenic risk. Bio-aerosols as a biological pollutant are usually defined as airborne bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen and their by products. These biological pollutants are associated with a wide range of health effects in hospital environments. This review can serve as an introduction and as the statement of the problem for more original research in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanizadeh
- Lorestan University of Medical Sciences University, Integrated Higher Education of Health of Doroud, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hatam Godini
- Associated Prof, Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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22
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Assessment of Bacterial Aerosol in a Preschool, Primary School and High School in Poland. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Pahari AK, Dasgupta D, Patil RS, Mukherji S. Emission of bacterial bioaerosols from a composting facility in Maharashtra, India. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 53:22-31. [PMID: 27155946 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to quantify and characterize size-segregated bacterial bioaerosols both on-site and off-site of a waste treatment facility (WTF) in Maharashtra employing windrow composting. Viable bacterial bioaerosols on nutrient agar (NA) and actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA) were quantified after sampling using Anderson-six stage impactor. Viable bacterial bioaerosols were identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Approximately, 16-34% of the total viable bacteria collected at the WTF were in the size range 0.65-2.1μm that can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract and also represents bacteria present in free form. Thus, 66-84% of bacterial bioaerosols were associated with coarse airborne particles greater than 2.1μm. A total of 24 bacterial species were isolated and characterized through gram staining. Among these 25% were gram negative and 75% were gram positive. The predominant bacterial genera were Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Kocuria. The mean on-site concentration of total viable bacteria on NA and AIA and airborne particles (PM2.5 and PM10) were higher than the corresponding off-site values. The mean on-site concentration of viable bacteria on NA and AIA were in the range of 3.8×10(3) to 5.4×10(4)CFU/m(3) and 9.8×10(3) to 1.2×10(5)CFU/m(3), respectively, during activity period. Good correlation (R(2)=0.999) was observed between total bioaerosols and aerosols (PM10) collected using Anderson impactor and High volume sampler, respectively. Sampling size segregated aerosols using the Siotus personal cascade impactor indicated higher association of bacteria with the coarse fraction (greater than 2.5μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Pahari
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharastra 400076, India
| | - Debdeep Dasgupta
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharastra 400076, India
| | - Rashmi S Patil
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharastra 400076, India
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharastra 400076, India.
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24
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Faridi S, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Sowlat MH, Kashani H, Gholampour A, Niazi S, Zare A, Nazmara S, Alimohammadi M. Indoor/outdoor relationships of bioaerosol concentrations in a retirement home and a school dormitory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8190-200. [PMID: 25516249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols were measured in a retirement home and a school dormitory from May 2012 to May 2013. In the present work, two active and passive methods were used for bioaerosol sampling. The results from the present work indicated that Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were the dominant bacterial genera, while the major fungal genera were Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Aspergillus spp. The results also indicated that the indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios for total bacteria were 1.77 and 1.44 in the retirement home and the school dormitory, respectively; the corresponding values for total fungal spores were 1.23 and 1.08. The results suggested that in addition to outdoor sources, indoor sources also played a significant role in emitting bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in the retirement home and the school dormitory indoor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Faridi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Gao M, Qiu T, Jia R, Han M, Song Y, Wang X. Concentration and size distribution of viable bioaerosols during non-haze and haze days in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4359-68. [PMID: 25300183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of airborne particulate matter (PM) has profoundly affected the atmospheric environment of Beijing, China. Although studies on health risks have increased, characterization of specific factors that contribute to increased health risks remains an area of needed exploration. Chemical composition studies on PM can readily be found in the literature but researches on biological composition are still limited. In this study, the concentration and size distribution of viable airborne bacteria and fungi were determined in the atmosphere from May to July 2013 in Beijing, China. Samples were collected during non-haze days and haze days based on the value of air quality index (AQI) PM2.5. Multiple linear regression results indicated that concentrations of viable bioaerosol exhibited a negative correlation with PM2.5 (AQI) ranging from 14 to 452. There was a little difference in size distribution of bioaerosol between non-haze and haze days that all airborne bacteria showed skewed trends toward larger sizes and airborne fungi followed a Gaussian distribution. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that a fraction of bioaerosol with fine and coarse particles had negative and positive relations with PM2.5 (AQI), respectively. Moreover, the temporal variation of d g (aerodynamic diameter) of bioaerosol with PM2.5 (AQI) fluctuated from 9:00 to 21:00, which suggested that their deposition pattern would vary during a day. The primary research in this study implied that aerodynamic size variation should be considered in assessing the bioaerosol exposure during haze weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Pham TD, Lee BK. Effects of Ag doping on the photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli in bioaerosol by Ag-TiO₂/GF under visible light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 428:24-31. [PMID: 24910030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ag doped TiO2/glass fibers (Ag-TiO2/GF) were prepared and used for photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in an indoor air environment. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for microstructure, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) for optical properties and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine elemental state. The optimized weight fraction of TiO2 in the TiO2/glass fiber (TiO2/GF) was 3%. The silver content in Ag/TiO2 was altered from 1% to 10% to investigate the optimal ratio of Ag doped on the TiO2/GF for the photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli. Doped Ag enhanced the electron-hole separation as well as charge transfer efficiency between the valance band and the conduction band of TiO2. The generated electron-hole pairs reacted with water and molecular oxygen to form strong oxidative radicals, which participated in the oxidation of organic components of E. coli, resulting in bacterial death. The photocatalytic disinfection activity under visible light increased with the increase in silver content up to 7.5% and then decreased slightly with further increasing Ag content. Among the three humidity conditions used in this study (40±5%, 60±5%, 80±5%), the highest disinfection ratio of E. coli by the photocatalytic system was observed in the intermediate humidity level followed by the high humidity level. Using the 7.5% Ag-TiO2/GF and the intermediate level of humidity (60±5%), the highest disinfection ratio and disinfection capacity of E. coli were 93.53% and 26 (CFU/s cm(2)), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Dong Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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