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Coutellec MA, Chaumot A, Sucré E. Neglected impacts of plant protection products on invertebrate aquatic biodiversity: a focus on eco-evolutionary processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32767-3. [PMID: 38459285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The application of plant protection products (PPPs) may have delayed and long-term non-intentional impacts on aquatic invertebrates inhabiting agricultural landscapes. Such effects may induce population responses based on developmental and transgenerational plasticity, selection of genetic resistance, as well as increased extirpation risks associated with random genetic drift. While the current knowledge on such effects of PPPs is still scarce in non-target aquatic invertebrate species, evidences are accumulating that support the need for consideration of evolutionary components of the population response to PPPs in standard procedures of risk assessment. This mini-review, as part of a contribution to the collective scientific assessment on PPP impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services performed in the period 2020-2022, presents a brief survey of the current results published on the subject, mainly in freshwater crustaceans, and proposes some research avenues and strategies that we feel relevant to fill this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, IFREMER, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, INRAE, UR RiverLy, 69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
- Université de Mayotte, Dembeni, 97660, Mayotte, France
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2
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Pesce S, Mamy L, Sanchez W, Artigas J, Bérard A, Betoulle S, Chaumot A, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Martin-Laurent F, Morin S, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Leenhardt S. The use of copper as plant protection product contributes to environmental contamination and resulting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32145-z. [PMID: 38324154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Copper-based plant protection products (PPPs) are widely used in both conventional and organic farming, and to a lesser extent for non-agricultural maintenance of gardens, greenspaces, and infrastructures. The use of copper PPPs adds to environmental contamination by this trace element. This paper aims to review the contribution of these PPPs to the contamination of soils and waters by copper in the context of France (which can be extrapolated to most of the European countries), and the resulting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, as well as on ecosystem functions. It was produced in the framework of a collective scientific assessment on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services in France. Current science shows that copper, which persists in soils, can partially transfer to adjacent aquatic environments (surface water and sediment) and ultimately to the marine environment. This widespread contamination impacts biodiversity and ecosystem functions, chiefly through its effects on phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities, and terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. Its effects on other biological groups and biotic interactions remain relatively under-documented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Annette Bérard
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, UMR-I 02, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro-Agrocampus Ouest, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction Recherche Et Appui Scientifique, Service Santé-Agri, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21110, Dijon, France
| | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Leenhardt
- INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, 75338, Paris, France
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3
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Wagner-Deyriès M, Varignier L, Revel M, Delhaye T, Rondeau D, Coutellec MA, McCairns RJS. Variation of Tolerance to Isothiazolinones Among Daphnia pulex Clones. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:805-814. [PMID: 36661281 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Isothiazolinones are a family of broad-spectrum biocides widely used in industry and consumer products. Chloro- and methyl-isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT) are documented as strong irritants, yet they are still used in a wide variety of applications, including cosmetics, cleansers, hygienic products, and various industrial applications. The subsequent substantial release of these molecules from urban sources into freshwater environments, and their potential impacts on aquatic species, have nevertheless received little attention so far, with few studies reporting on the toxicity of either CMIT or MIT to nontarget organisms. The present study addresses this current knowledge gap by evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) of CMIT/MIT (3:1) and MIT, the two formulations most commonly used by manufacturers. In addition, genetic diversity is known to be a major component of variability in phenotypic responses, although it is largely overlooked in typical toxicity tests. Thus the potential range of responses inherent to genetic diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, to account for intraspecific variations in sensitivity, our design involved eight clonal lines of D. pulex stemming from distinct natural populations or commercial strains. Clones exhibited strong variation in their responses, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.84 mg/L for the mixture CMIT/MIT, and from 0.68 to 2.84 mg/L for MIT alone. These intraspecific ranges of LC50 values challenge the use of single clones of daphnids in standard ecotoxicological tests and the predictions based on their results. The present study brings new evidence that assessing ecological risk of chemicals while ignoring genotype diversity is neither ecologically relevant, nor a representative evaluation of the diversity of potential adverse outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:805-814. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Wagner-Deyriès
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Léa Varignier
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Revel
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Delhaye
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - David Rondeau
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - R J Scott McCairns
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
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Gnatyshyna L, Khoma V, Martinyuk V, Matskiv T, Pedrini-Martha V, Niederwanger M, Stoliar O, Dallinger R. Sublethal cadmium exposure in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis meets a deficient, poorly responsive metallothionein system while evoking oxidative and cellular stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109490. [PMID: 36265756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Great Pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda, Hygrophila) is a wide-spread freshwater gastropod, being considered as a model organism for research in many fields of biology, including ecotoxicology. The aim of the present study was to explore the Cd sensitivity of L. stagnalis through the measurement of a biomarker battery for oxidative, toxic and cellular stress. The interpretation of biomarker parameters occurred against the background of a truncated metallothionein protein with a limited Cd-binding capacity. Individuals of L. stagnalis were exposed through 14 days to uncontaminated water (controls) or to low (30 μg · L-1) or high (50 μg · L-1) Cd concentrations. The digestive gland of control and low-Cd exposed snails was processed for transcriptional analysis of the Metallothionein (MT) gene expression, and for determination of biomarkers for oxidative stress, toxicity and cellular stress. Digestive gland supernatants of high-Cd exposed snails were subjected to chromatography and subsequent analysis by spectrophotometry. It was shown that the MT system of L. stagnalis is functionally deficient, with a poor Cd responsiveness at both, the transcriptional and the protein expression levels. Instead, L. stagnalis appears to rely on alternative detoxification mechanisms such as Cd binding by phytochelatins and metal inactivation by compartmentalization within the lysosomal system. In spite of this, however, traces of Cd apparently leak out of the pre-determined detoxification pathways, leading to adverse effects, which is clearly indicated by biomarkers of oxidative and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Gnatyshyna
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Vira Khoma
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoria Martinyuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Matskiv
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | | | - Michael Niederwanger
- Institute of Zoology, University and Center of Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology, University and Center of Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Ubrihien RP, Maher WA, Taylor AM, Stevens MM, Ezaz T. Fitness of Isidorella newcombi Following Multi-generational Cu Exposures: Mortality, Cellular Biomarkers and Life History Responses. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:520-538. [PMID: 35441861 PMCID: PMC9079030 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of multigenerational Cu exposure on the freshwater gastropod Isidorella newcombi were investigated. Snails were exposed to a range of treatment-specific Cu concentrations in the parental to F2 generations, and a common Cu concentration in the F3 generation. In the parental to F2 generations, some general responses to 3 days Cu exposures included reduced survival and feeding in snails exposed to higher Cu concentrations. This suggested that the snails exposed to the high Cu concentration were experiencing Cu-induced stress that may apply selection pressure. In the F3 generation, when all treatments were exposed to a common Cu concentration, increased survival was correlated with the pre-exposure Cu concentration history. Snails that had been pre-exposed to Cu also displayed reduced stress at a sub-lethal level, indicated by lower lysosomal destabilisation (LD). Mortality and LD responses in the F3 generation were not related to Cu tissue concentrations, indicating increased tolerance and reduced stress were not related to changes in Cu bioaccumulation. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the higher Cu concentration pre-exposure treatments which could be associated with lower Cu-induced stress, however, this is not supported by the oxidative damage marker lipid peroxidation, which also increased. While Cu tissue concentrations and oxidative stress markers were assessed to determine underlying reasons for increased tolerance in snails from a population with a multi-generational exposure history to Cu, the results were not conclusive. Despite this, it was demonstrated through increased survival and reduced LD that Cu tolerance can develop over a short evolutionary time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ubrihien
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - W A Maher
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A M Taylor
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - M M Stevens
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Yanco, NSW, 2703, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation NSW Department of Primary Industries, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - T Ezaz
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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6
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Karakaş SB, Otludil B. Accumulation and histopathological effects of cadmium on the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:103403. [PMID: 32485659 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal ions are an important stress factor for a living organism. In this study, accumulation and histopathological changes in foot, mantle and hepatopancreas of great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to different Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in laboratory conditions were investigated. Great pond snails were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 7.92 μg/L, 15.85 μg/L, 31.7 μg/L and 63.4 μg/L Cd. At the end of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, snail foot, mantle and hepatopancreas were removed to investigate and determine Cd accumulation and histopathological alterations by light microscopy. Cd levels determined in hepatopancreas were higher than those measured from the foot and the mantle of studied specimens. A positive correlation was found between Cd levels in tissues and exposure days. As a result of Cd application, we observed increase in the number of mucosit, pigment and protein cells and desquamation in the epithelium in the foot, atrophy in muscle fibrils, connective tissue cells and increase in the lipid vacuoles in the mantle, increase in the lipid vacuoles and amoebocyte in the hepatopancreas. The severity of the alterations resulting from Cd increased with dose-time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Bürçün Karakaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Birgül Otludil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey.
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7
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Amorim J, Abreu I, Rodrigues P, Peixoto D, Pinheiro C, Saraiva A, Carvalho AP, Guimarães L, Oliva-Teles L. Lymnaea stagnalis as a freshwater model invertebrate for ecotoxicological studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:11-28. [PMID: 30877957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaea stagnalis, also referred to as great or common pond snail, is an abundant and widespread invertebrate species colonizing temperate limnic systems. Given the species importance, studies involving L. stagnalis have the potential to produce scientifically relevant information, leading to a better understanding of the damage caused by aquatic contamination, as well as the modes of action of toxicants. Lymnaea stagnalis individuals are easily maintained in laboratory conditions, with a lifespan of about two years. The snails are hermaphrodites and sexual maturity occurs about three months after egg laying. Importantly, they can produce a high number of offspring all year round and are considered well suited for use in investigations targeting the identification of developmental and reproductive impairments. The primary aims of this review were two-fold: i) to provide an updated and insightful compilation of established toxicological measures determined in both chronic and acute toxicity assays, as useful tool to the design and development of future research; and ii) to provide a state of the art related to direct toxicant exposure and its potentially negative effects on this species. Relevant and informative studies were analysed and discussed. Knowledge gaps in need to be addressed in the near future were further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Abreu
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurélia Saraiva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Luis Oliva-Teles
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Vlaeminck K, Viaene KPJ, Van Sprang P, Baken S, De Schamphelaere KAC. The Use of Mechanistic Population Models in Metal Risk Assessment: Combined Effects of Copper and Food Source on Lymnaea stagnalis Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1104-1119. [PMID: 30756452 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals aims to protect populations, communities, and ecosystems. Population models are considered more frequent in ERA because they can bridge the gap between the individual and the population level. Lymnaea stagnalis (the great pond snail) is an organism that is particularly sensitive to various metals, including copper (Cu). In addition, the sensitivity of this species to Cu differs between food sources. The first goal of the present study was to investigate whether we could explain the variability in sensitivity between food sources (lettuce and fish flakes) at the individual level with a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model. By adapting an existing DEB model and calibrating it with Cu toxicity data, thereby combining information from 3 studies and 2 endpoints (growth and reproduction), we put forward inhibition of energy assimilation as the most plausible physiological mode of action (PMoA) of Cu. Furthermore, the variation in Cu sensitivity between both food sources was considerably lower at the PMoA level than at the individual level. Higher Cu sensitivity at individual level under conditions of lower food quality or availability appears to emerge from first DEB principles when inhibition of assimilation is the PMoA. This supports the idea that DEB explained Cu sensitivity variation between food sources. Our second goal was to investigate whether this food source effect propagated to the population level. By incorporating DEB in an individual-based model (IBM), population-level effects were predicted. Based on our simulations, the food source effect was still present at the population level, albeit less prominently. Finally, we compared predicted population-level effect concentration, x% (ECx) values with individual-level ECx values for different studies. Using the DEB-IBM, the range of effect concentrations decreased significantly: at the individual level, the difference in chronic EC10 values between studies was a factor of 70 (1.13-78 µg dissolved Cu/L), whereas at the population level the difference was a factor of 15 (2.9-44.6 µg dissolved Cu/L). To improve interstudy comparability, a bioavailability correction for differences in water chemistry was performed with a biotic ligand model. This further decreased the variation, down to a factor of 7.4. Applying the population model in combination with a bioavailability correction thus significantly decreased the variability of chronic effect concentrations of Cu for L. stagnalis. Overall, the results of the present study illustrate the potential usefulness of transitioning to a more modeling-based environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-16. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vlaeminck
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ARCHE Consulting, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Stijn Baken
- European Copper Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Totani Y, Aonuma H, Oike A, Watanabe T, Hatakeyama D, Sakakibara M, Lukowiak K, Ito E. Monoamines, Insulin and the Roles They Play in Associative Learning in Pond Snails. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31001093 PMCID: PMC6454038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscan gastropods have long been used for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. One such gastropod, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, exhibits long-term memory (LTM) following both classical and operant conditioning. Using Lymnaea, we have successfully elucidated cellular mechanisms of learning and memory utilizing an aversive classical conditioning procedure, conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Here, we present the behavioral changes following CTA training and show that the memory score depends on the duration of food deprivation. Then, we describe the relationship between the memory scores and the monoamine contents of the central nervous system (CNS). A comparison of learning capability in two different strains of Lymnaea, as well as the filial 1 (F1) cross from the two strains, presents how the memory scores are correlated in these populations with monoamine contents. Overall, when the memory scores are better, the monoamine contents of the CNS are lower. We also found that as the insulin content of the CNS decreases so does the monoamine contents which are correlated with higher memory scores. The present review deepens the relationship between monoamine and insulin contents with the memory score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Totani
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aonuma
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Akira Oike
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakakibara
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Rothwell CM, Lukowiak K. Strain transformation: Enhancement of invertebrate memory in a new rearing environment. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.205112. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Memory formation is influenced by a variety of factors, including the environmental conditions in which an organism is reared. Here, we studied the memory-forming ability of the lab-bred B-strain of Lymnaea following a change in their rearing environment from Brock University to the University of Calgary. We have previously demonstrated that this move enhances memory-forming ability and here we studied the magnitude of this phenotypic change. Once reared to adulthood at the University of Calgary, the B-strain animals were first tested to determine how many training sessions were required for the formation of long-term memory (LTM) to occur. Following this change in environment, the B-strain transformed into a ‘smart’ lab-bred strain requiring only a single 0.5 h session to form LTM. Next, we tested whether exposure to physiologically relevant stressors would block the formation of LTM in this ‘transformed’ B-strain, as this obstruction has previously been observed in ‘smart’ snails collected from the wild. Interestingly, neither stressor tested in this study perturbed memory formation in this ‘transformed’ lab-bred strain. Additionally, both the ‘smart’ memory phenotype, as well as the increased stress resiliency, were observed in the second generation of ‘transformed’ B-strain at both the juvenile and adult stages. This suggests that a change in rearing environment can contribute to the memory-forming ability of lab-bred Lymnaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin M. Rothwell
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Strain-specific effects of crowding on long-term memory formation in Lymnaea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 222:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rothwell CM, Spencer GE, Lukowiak K. The effect of rearing environment on memory formation. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.180521. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.180521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymnaea stagnalis is a well-studied model system for determining how changes in the environment influence associative learning and memory formation. For example, some wild strains of Lymnaea, collected from separate geographic locations show superior memory-forming abilities compared to others. Here, we have studied memory formation in two laboratory-bred Lymnaea strains, derived from the same original population in The Netherlands. The two strains were reared in two different laboratories at the University of Calgary (C-strain) and at Brock University (B-strain) for many years and were found to differ in their memory-forming ability. Specifically, the C-strain required only two training sessions to form long-term memory (LTM) whereas the B-strain required four sessions to form LTM. Additionally, the LTM formed by the B-strain persisted for a shorter amount of time than the memory formed by the C-strain. Thus, despite being derived from the same original population, the C- and B-strains have developed different memory-forming abilities. Next, we raised the two strains from embryos ‘Away’ from home (i.e. in the other laboratory) over two generations and assessed their memory-forming abilities. The B-strain reared and maintained at the University of Calgary demonstrated improved memory-forming ability within a single generation, while the C-strain reared at Brock University retained their normal LTM forming ability across two subsequent generations. This suggests that local environmental factors may contribute to the behavioural divergence observed between these two laboratory-bred strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin M. Rothwell
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School and Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gaynor E. Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School and Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Sunada H, Totani Y, Nakamura R, Sakakibara M, Lukowiak K, Ito E. Two Strains of Lymnaea stagnalis and the Progeny from Their Mating Display Differential Memory-Forming Ability on Associative Learning Tasks. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:161. [PMID: 28955210 PMCID: PMC5601001 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis learns and forms long-term memory (LTM) following both operant conditioning of aerial respiratory behavior and classical conditioning of taste aversive behavior. In the present study, we examined whether there are interstrain differences in the ability to form LTM following these two types of conditioning. A strain of Lymnaea (TC1) collected in Alberta, Canada exhibits superior memory-forming ability following aerial respiratory operant conditioning compared to a laboratory-reared strain of Lymnaea from Netherlands known as the Dutch strain. We asked whether the offspring of the Canadian TC1 and Dutch snails (i.e., filial 1 (F1) cross snails) would have the superior memory ability and found, rather, that their memory ability was average like the Dutch snails. That is, the Canadian TC1 snails have superior ability for LTM formation following aerial respiratory operant conditioning, but the Dutch and the generated F1 cross have average ability for memory forming. We next examined the Canadian TC1, Dutch and F1 cross snails for their ability to learn and form memory following conditioned taste aversion (CTA). All three populations showed similar associative CTA responses. However, both LTM formation and the ratio of good-to-poor performers in the memory retention test were much better in the Dutch snails than the Canadian TC1 and F1 cross snails. The memory abilities of the Canadian TC1 and F1 cross snails were average. Our present findings, therefore, suggest that snails of different strains have different memory abilities, and the F1 cross snails do not inherit the memory ability from the smart strain. To our knowledge, there have been a limited number of studies examining differences in memory ability among invertebrate strains, with the exception of studies using mutant flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sunada
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri UniversitySanuki, Japan
| | - Yuki Totani
- Department of Biology, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Sakakibara
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri UniversitySanuki, Japan.,Department of Biology, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan.,WASEDA Bioscience Research Institute in SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center and Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bighiu MA, Watermann B, Guo X, Almroth BC, Eriksson-Wiklund AK. Mortality and histopathological effects in harbour-transplanted snails with different exposure histories. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:11-20. [PMID: 28662417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants are important stressors in the aquatic environment and may exert selective pressures on organisms. We hypothesized that snails originating from a metal-contaminated habitat (B) would have increased tolerance to harbour contaminants (e.g. metals from antifouling paints), compared to snails originating from a relatively clean habitat (A). We assessed tolerance to metals in terms of survival and histopathological alterations after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of in situ exposure in three Baltic Sea boat harbours and three reference sites. We also hypothesized that any potential tolerance to contaminants would be associated with differences in genetic diversity between the two snail populations (evaluated as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI). The results show that snails from population A survived to a higher extent compared to population B, possibly indicating either a lack of adaptation to metals in snails B or impaired health condition due to contaminant pre-exposure or a higher resilience of snails A. Moreover, the genetic diversity of COI was low within each population and did not differ between populations. In general, 83% of all the types of histopathological alterations (e.g. lysis and necrosis of gonads and digestive gland or granulocytoma and phagocytosis in the storage tissue, among others) had a higher probability of occurrence among harbour-exposed snails compared to reference-exposed snails, regardless of snail population origin. The only significant difference in histological effects between the two populations was in the frequency of parasite infestations and shell fouling, both being larger for population A than B. Interestingly, the rate of parasite infestations was higher for males than females from population A, whereas no sexual dichotomy was observed for population B. Our results show that exposure to harbour contaminants causes both lethal and sublethal toxicity to snails, and the association between many of the toxic responses and metals substantiates that antifouling substances contribute to the observed effects, although there is a large proportion of variation in our data that remains unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandra Bighiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Burkard Watermann
- LimnoMar, Laboratory for Aquatic Research, Bei der Neuen Münze 11, 22145 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Kristin Eriksson-Wiklund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Reátegui-Zirena EG, Fidder BN, Olson AD, Dawson DE, Bilbo TR, Salice CJ. Transgenerational endpoints provide increased sensitivity and insight into multigenerational responses of Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:572-580. [PMID: 28274592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicology provides data to inform environmental management. Many testing protocols do not consider offspring fitness and toxicant sensitivity. Cadmium (Cd) is a well-studied and ubiquitous toxicant but little is known about the effects on offspring of exposed parents (transgenerational effects). This study had three objectives: to identify endpoints related to offspring performance; to determine whether parental effects would manifest as a change in Cd tolerance in offspring and how parental exposure duration influenced the manifestation of parental effects. Adult snails were exposed to Cd 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg Cd/L for eight weeks. There were effects on adult endpoints (e.g., growth, reproduction) but only at the highest concentrations (>100 μg/L). Alternatively, we observed significant transgenerational effects at all Cd concentrations. Surprisingly, we found increased Cd tolerance in hatchlings from all parental Cd exposure concentrations even though eggs and hatchlings were in Cd-free conditions for 6 weeks. Explicit consideration of offspring performance adds value to current toxicity testing protocols. Parental exposure duration has important implications for offspring effects and that contaminant concentrations that are not directly toxic to parents can cause transgenerational changes in resistance that have significant implications for toxicity testing and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn G Reátegui-Zirena
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Bridgette N Fidder
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Adric D Olson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Intrinsik Environmental Science Inc., Mississauga, ME, USA.
| | - Daniel E Dawson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, USA.
| | - Thomas R Bilbo
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; College of Agriculture, Clemson University, USA.
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Guo Z, Zhang W, Du S, Zhou Y, Gao N, Zhang L, Green I. Feeding reduces waterborne Cu bioaccumulation in a marine rabbitfish Siganus oramin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:580-589. [PMID: 26552536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne metal uptake has been extensively studied and dietary metal assimilation is increasingly recognized in fish, whilst the interaction between the two uptake routes is largely overlooked. This study compared the waterborne Cu bioaccumulation ((65)Cu as tracer) in a juvenile rabbitfish at different feeding regimes (starvation (SG), feeding normal diet (NDG) or diet supplemented with extra Cu (DCG)) to test the hypothesis that feeding can influence waterborne metal uptake in marine fish. NDG and DCG diet was fed as a single meal and then all fish were exposed to waterborne (65)Cu for 48 h, during which the time course sampling was conducted to determine (65)Cu bioaccumulation, chyme flow and dietary Cu assimilation. The results revealed that SG fish accumulated the highest (65)Cu, followed by NDG (61% of SG), whilst DCG fish accumulated the lowest (65)Cu (34% of SG). These results suggested a protective effect of feeding against waterborne Cu bioaccumulation. This effect was most notable between 10 min and 16 h when there was chyme in gastrointestinal tract (GT). Dietary Cu assimilation mainly occurred before 16 h after feeding. Waterborne (65)Cu influx rate in the GT was positively correlated with (65)Cu contents of chyme in NDG, whereas it was largely negatively correlated with (65)Cu contents of chyme in DCG. The waterborne Cu uptake in the GT was mainly influenced by the chyme flow and dietary Cu assimilation. Overall, our findings suggested that feeding has an important effect on waterborne metal uptake and that both the feeding status of the fish and the relative metal exposure through water and food should be considered in prediction of the metal bioaccumulation and biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Sen Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
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