1
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Velasquez X, Morov AR, Astrahan P, Tchernov D, Meron D, Almeda R, Rubin-Blum M, Rahav E, Guy-Haim T. Bioconcentration and lethal effects of gas-condensate and crude oil on nearshore copepod assemblages. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116402. [PMID: 38701601 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The progressive establishment of gas platforms and increasing petroleum accidents pose a threat to zooplankton communities and thus to pelagic ecosystems. This study is the first to compare the impacts of gas-condensate and crude oil on copepod assemblages. We conducted microcosm experiments simulating slick scenarios at five different concentrations of gas-condensate and crude oil to determine and compare their lethal effects and the bioconcentration of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW-PAHs) in eastern Mediterranean coastal copepod assemblages. We found that gas-condensate had a two-times higher toxic effect than crude oil, significantly reducing copepod survival with increased exposure levels. The LMW-PAHs bioconcentration factor was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in copepods exposed to gas-condensate than in those exposed to crude oil. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was significantly lower in calanoids vs. cyclopoid copepods, suggesting that calanoids are more susceptible to gas-condensate and crude oil pollution, with potential trophic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Velasquez
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Arseniy R Morov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- The Yigal Alon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KKL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Meron
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of las Palmas of Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Rist S, Rask S, Ntinou IV, Varpe Ø, Lindegren M, Ugwu K, Larsson M, Sjöberg V, Nielsen TG. Cumulative Impacts of Oil Pollution, Ocean Warming, and Coastal Freshening on the Feeding of Arctic Copepods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38321867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, and biota are exposed to multiple stressors, including pollution and climate change. Still, little is known about their joint impact. Here, we investigated the cumulative impact of crude oil, warming, and freshening on the copepod species Calanus glacialis and Calanus finmarchicus. Adult females were exposed to ambient conditions (control; 0 °C + 33 psu) and combined warming and freshening: 5 °C + 27 psu (Scenario 1), 5 °C + 20 psu (Scenario 2) for 6 days. All three conditions were tested with and without dispersed crude oil. In Scenario 1, fecal pellet production (FPP) significantly increased by 40-78% and 42-122% for C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus, respectively. In Scenario 2, FPP decreased by 6-57% for C. glacialis, while it fluctuated for C. finmarchicus. For both species, oil had the strongest effect on FPP, leading to a 68-83% reduction. This overshadowed the differences between climatic scenarios. All variables (temperature, salinity, and oil) had significant single effects and several joint effects on FPP. Our results demonstrate that Arctic copepods are sensitive to environmentally realistic concentrations of crude oil and climate change. Strong reductions in feeding can reduce the copepods' energy content with potential large-scale impacts on the Arctic marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Rist
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Rask
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Iliana V Ntinou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Varpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Lindegren
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kevin Ugwu
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Almeda R, Rist S, Christensen AM, Antoniou E, Parinos C, Olsson M, Young CM. Crude Oil and Its Burnt Residues Induce Metamorphosis in Marine Invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19304-19315. [PMID: 37963269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a critical process in the life cycle of most marine benthic invertebrates, determining their transition from plankton to benthos. It affects dispersal and settlement and therefore decisively influences the dynamics of marine invertebrate populations. An extended period of metamorphic competence is an adaptive feature of numerous invertebrate species that increases the likelihood of finding a habitat suitable for settlement and survival. We found that crude oil and residues of burnt oil rapidly induce metamorphosis in two different marine invertebrate larvae, a previously unknown sublethal effect of oil pollution. When exposed to environmentally realistic oil concentrations, up to 84% of tested echinoderm larvae responded by undergoing metamorphosis. Similarly, up to 87% of gastropod larvae metamorphosed in response to burnt oil residues. This study demonstrates that crude oil and its burned residues can act as metamorphic inducers in marine planktonic larvae, short-circuiting adaptive metamorphic delay. Future studies on molecular pathways and oil-bacteria-metamorphosis interactions are needed to fully understand the direct or indirect mechanisms of oil-induced metamorphosis in marine invertebrates. With 90% of chronic oiling occurring in coastal areas, this previously undescribed impact of crude oil on planktonic larvae may have global implications for marine invertebrate populations and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR-ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Tafira Baja, Las Palmas, Spain
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby ,Denmark
| | - Sinja Rist
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby ,Denmark
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420,United States
| | - Anette M Christensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby ,Denmark
| | - Eleftheria Antoniou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Constantine Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Mikael Olsson
- DTU Sustain, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Craig M Young
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420,United States
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4
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Rubin-Blum M, Yudkovsky Y, Marmen S, Raveh O, Amrani A, Kutuzov I, Guy-Haim T, Rahav E. Tar patties are hotspots of hydrocarbon turnover and nitrogen fixation during a nearshore pollution event in the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115747. [PMID: 37995430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Weathered oil, that is, tar, forms hotspots of hydrocarbon degradation by complex biota in marine environment. Here, we used marker gene sequencing and metagenomics to characterize the communities of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes that colonized tar patties and control samples (wood, plastic), collected in the littoral following an offshore spill in the warm, oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS). We show potential aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon catabolism niches on tar interior and exterior, linking carbon, sulfur and nitrogen cycles. Alongside aromatics and larger alkanes, short-chain alkanes appear to fuel dominant populations, both the aerobic clade UBA5335 (Macondimonas), anaerobic Syntropharchaeales, and facultative Mycobacteriales. Most key organisms, including the hydrocarbon degraders and cyanobacteria, have the potential to fix dinitrogen, potentially alleviating the nitrogen limitation of hydrocarbon degradation in the SEMS. We highlight the complexity of these tar-associated communities, where bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes co-exist, likely exchanging metabolites and competing for resources and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yana Yudkovsky
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sophi Marmen
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Amrani
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilya Kutuzov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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5
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Letendre F, Ramos PAS, Cameron CB. The loss of crude oil droplets by filter feeders and the role of surfactants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115174. [PMID: 37336047 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Various methods of oil spill remediation exist, e.g., floating booms, controlled burning and the release of chemical surfactants. These surfactants facilitate the breakup of the slick into micron-sized droplets. Here, we studied the impact such a surfactant has on the size distribution of oil droplets in the water column and in the gut of the filter feeder Daphnia magna. We also studied the effect of surfactants on detachment conditions of chemically and mechanically dispersed oil (respectively MDO and CDO) droplets from capture fibers. Our results show that including solubilized dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt in the mixing of the emulsion produces smaller droplets and a narrower size distribution in the water. In the gut, the size of ingested droplets does not change whether the oil is mixed mechanically or chemically. Also, surfactant coated droplets detach at a lower velocity than mechanically dispersed droplet because of their lower oil/water interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Letendre
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Paloma Arena Serrano Ramos
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher B Cameron
- Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Wade TL, Driscoll SK, McGrath J, Coolbaugh T, Liu Z, Buskey EJ. Exposure methodologies for dissolved individual hydrocarbons, dissolved oil, water oil dispersions, water accommodated fraction and chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction of fresh and weathered oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114085. [PMID: 36113174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the nature and effects of oil released into the marine environment is very challenging. It is generally recognized that "environmentally relevant" conditions for exposure involve a range of temporal and spatial conditions, a range of exposure pathways (e.g., dissolved, emulsions, sorbed onto particulates matter), and a multitude of organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Various exposure methodologies have been used to study the effects of oil on aquatic organisms, and uniform protocols and exposure methods have been developed for the purposes of regulatory toxicological assessments. Ultimately, all exposure methods have drawbacks, it is impossible to totally mimic field conditions, and the choice of exposure methodology depends on the specific regulatory, toxicological, or other research questions to be addressed. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise review of the state of knowledge to identify gaps in that knowledge and summarize challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, Chemical Oceanography and Crude Oil Chemistry, USA.
| | - Susan Kane Driscoll
- Exponent, Inc., Aquatic Toxicology, One Mill & Main, Suite 150, Maynard, MA 01754, USA.
| | | | | | - Zhanfei Liu
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Crude and Weathered Oil Chemistry, USA.
| | - Edward J Buskey
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Biological Oceanography and Estuarine Ecology, USA.
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7
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Keitel-Gröner F, Bechmann RK, Engen F, Lyng E, Taban IC, Baussant T. Effects of crude oil and field-generated burned oil residue on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105314. [PMID: 33839401 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ burning (ISB) is an oil spill clean-up option used by oil spill responders to mitigate impacts on the marine environment. Despite advantages such as high efficiency and potential applicability for challenging areas such as the Arctic, the actual environmental side effects are still uncertain. Acute and sublethal effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs from 25 g oil/L seawater) of a pre-weathered North Sea crude (Oseberg Blend 200 °C+) and field generated ISB residue were evaluated on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae. The larvae were first exposed for 96 h to a serial dilution of seven concentrations, and then maintained for two weeks in clean seawater post-exposure. No acute (mortality) or sublethal effects (feeding, development, or growth) were detected in any of the ISB residue concentrations. Significant larvae mortality was found in the three highest concentrations of crude oil (96-h LC50:469 μg/L total petroleum hydrocarbon) but no sublethal effects were found in the surviving larvae post-exposure. This study indicates that applying ISB could mitigate acute impacts of spilled oil on shrimp larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Frode Engen
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Ingrid C Taban
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
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8
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Shaikh SMS, Tagde JP, Singh PR, Dutta S, Sangolkar LN, Kumar MS. Impact of Port and harbour activities on plankton distribution and dynamics: A multivariate approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112105. [PMID: 33549997 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous researches have been conducted to study the impact of Port activities on water quality. However, investigation on the response of the inhabiting biota to Port related extrinsic factors is extremely limited. Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis, comprehensive assessment of plankton population dynamics and distribution corresponding to the spatial heterogeneity in physico-chemical characteristics of harbour and adjacent coastal water is conducted. The results revealed resource competition for nitrate, predator mediated co-existence of species favoured by active switching and Port influenced environmental filtering due to suspended solids, and oil and grease as the predominant factor to modulate the plankton community structure and succession in harbour. The higher heterogeneity in the measured environmental variables at coast revealed dispersion of nutrient and other pollutants from harbour into the adjacent coastal water during ebb tide. Our results indicate reengineering of Port infrastructures and efficient management policies including water quality standards to facilitate proper water circulation and minimize pollution with a long term goal to reconcile economic interest with ecosystem conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siratun Montaha S Shaikh
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Jyoti P Tagde
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Pooja R Singh
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Smita Dutta
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lalita N Sangolkar
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact & Sustainability Division, CSIR National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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9
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Daly KL, Remsen A, Outram DM, Broadbent H, Kramer K, Dubickas K. Resilience of the zooplankton community in the northeast Gulf of Mexico during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111882. [PMID: 33360725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the resilience of the zooplankton community to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, by assessing abundance, biomass, spatial distribution, species composition, and diversity indices during spring, summer, and winter, May 2010 to August 2014. SEAMAP samples collected between spring and summer 2005-2009 were analyzed as a baseline. Our results did not indicate that there was a long-term impact from the oil spill, but did demonstrate that environmental variability and riverine processes strongly governed zooplankton community dynamics. Zooplankton abundances during the oil spill (spring 2010) were not significantly different from abundances during spring 2011 and 2012. Summer 2010 abundances were the highest observed for the 2005 to 2014 period, due to high river discharge, high chlorophyll, and aggregation in eddies. High densities of the dinoflagellate, Noctiluca, during the oil spill, and the copepod, Centropages velificatus, and larvaceans in all years, suggest that these taxa warrant further investigation. Ecosystem connectivity (zooplankton transport by currents into the oil spill region), high fecundity, relatively short generation times, and refugia in deeper depths are key factors in zooplankton resilience to major perturbations. This study serves as a baseline for assessment of future impacts to this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Daly
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
| | - Andrew Remsen
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 45600 Woodland Road, Sterling, VA 20166, USA.
| | - Dawn M Outram
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA.
| | - Heather Broadbent
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
| | - Kurt Kramer
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA.
| | - Kate Dubickas
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
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10
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Almeda R, Rodriguez-Torres R, Rist S, Winding MHS, Stief P, Hansen BH, Nielsen TG. Microplastics do not increase bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Arctic zooplankton but trigger feeding suppression under co-exposure conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141264. [PMID: 32871308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arctic sea ice has alarmingly high concentrations of microplastics (MPs). Additionally, sea ice reduction in the Arctic is opening new opportunities for the oil and maritime industries, which could increase oil pollution in the region. Yet knowledge of the effects of co-exposure to MPs and crude oil on Arctic zooplankton is lacking. We tested the influence of MPs (polyethylene, 20.7 μm) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccumulation and oil toxicity in the key arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus after exposure to oil with and without dispersant. Up to 30% of the copepods stopped feeding and fecal pellet production rates were reduced after co-exposure to oil (1 μL L-1) and MPs (20 MPs mL-1). The PAH body burden was ~3 times higher in feeding than in non-feeding copepods. Copepods ingested both MPs and crude oil droplets. MPs did not influence bioaccumulation of PAHs in copepods or their fecal pellets, but chemical dispersant increased bioaccumulation, especially of ≥4 ring-PAHs. Our results suggest that MPs do not act as vectors of PAHs in Arctic marine food webs after oil spills, but, at high concentrations (20 MPs mL-1), MPs can trigger behavioral stress responses (e.g., feeding suppression) to oil pollution in zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Almeda
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - R Rodriguez-Torres
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - S Rist
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - M H S Winding
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Greenland
| | - P Stief
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - T Gissel Nielsen
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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11
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Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersants on Multiple Life History Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is an ecologically and economically important species that is vulnerable to oil pollution. We assessed sublethal effects of soluble fractions of crude oil alone (WAF) and crude oil in combination with Corexit 9500 dispersant (CEWAF) on oysters at three life history stages. Veliger swimming, pediveliger settlement, and adult clearance rates were quantified after 24 h exposures to the contaminants. Veliger swimming speeds were not significantly impacted by 24 h exposures to WAF or CEWAF. A larger proportion of veligers were inactive following WAF and CEWAF exposure as compared to the control, but the effect was greater for pediveligers, and pediveliger settlement in the highest concentration CEWAF treatment decreased by 50% compared to controls. Thus, pediveligers may be particularly vulnerable to oil exposure. In the adults, we found significant clearance rates reductions that persisted 33 days after acute exposure to CEWAF. Knowledge of sublethal effects of oil and dispersant at multiple life history stages aids understanding of how this important species will respond to an oil spill.
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12
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Letendre F, Mehrabian S, Etienne S, Cameron CB. The interactions of oil droplets with filter feeders: A fluid mechanics approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105059. [PMID: 32662422 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Filter feeding animals capture and lose oil droplets using cilia or ramified appendages. Here we demonstrate that copepod and barnacle appendages capture fish, canola and 1-decanol oil droplets up to 11μm without selectivity for size, chemistry, density, viscosity, or interfacial tension. Following capture, the droplets are ingested or lost via detachment. Capture and detachment did not differ between a barnacle appendage and stainless-steel wires of radii Rf=50 and 250μm. Key parameters to detachment include the ratio of oil droplet radius to fiber radius, and the Weber number. Smaller oil droplet size to fiber size ratio r=Ro∕Rf, required a higher We for detachment. These data plot as a curve that predicts whether a droplet will remain captured or detach and re-enter the fluid stream, based on the fluid, the droplet radius to fiber radius ratio, and the oil droplet properties. Significantly, this curve may be used to plan responses to oil spills in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Letendre
- Departement de sciences biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sasan Mehrabian
- Departement de sciences biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephane Etienne
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Christopher B Cameron
- Departement de sciences biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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13
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Ye L, Manning AJ, Hsu TJ. Oil-mineral flocculation and settling velocity in saline water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115569. [PMID: 32044596 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cohesive particles in aquatic systems can play an important role in determining the fate of spilled oil via the generation of Oil-Mineral Aggregates (OMAs). Series of laboratory experiments have been conducted aiming at filling the knowledge gap regarding how cohesive clay particles influence the accumulation of petroleum through forming different aggregate structures and their resulting settling velocity. OMAs have been successfully created in a stirring jar with artificial sea-water, crude oil and two types of most common cohesive minerals, Kaolinite and Bentonite clay. With the magnetic stirrer adjusted to 490 rpm to provide a high level homogeneous flow turbulence (Turbulence dissipation ε estimated to be about 0.02 m2⋅s-3), droplet OMAs and flake/solid OMAs were obtained in oil-Kaolinite sample and oil-Bentonite sample, respectively. Kaolinite clay with relatively low flocculation rate (Rf = 0.13 min-1) tends to physically attach around the surface of oil droplets. With the lower density of oil, these oil-Kaolinite droplet OMAs generally show lower settling velocity comparing to pure mineral Kaolinite flocs. Differently, Bentonite clay with higher flocculation rate (Rf = 0.66 min-1) produces more porous flocs that can absorb or be absorbed by the oil and form compact flake/solid OMAs with higher density and settling velocity than pure Bentonite flocs. In the mixed Kaolinite-Bentonite sample (1:1 in weight), oil is observed to preferably interacting with Bentonite and increase settling velocity especially in larger floc size classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Ye
- Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States.
| | - Andrew J Manning
- Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States; HR Wallingford Ltd., Coasts and Ocean Group, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, United Kingdom; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Tian-Jian Hsu
- Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States
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14
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Uttieri M, Nihongi A, Hinow P, Motschman J, Jiang H, Alcaraz M, Strickler JR. Copepod manipulation of oil droplet size distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:547. [PMID: 30679674 PMCID: PMC6346107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oil spills are one of the most dangerous sources of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Owing to their pivotal position in the food web, pelagic copepods can provide crucial intermediary transferring oil between trophic levels. In this study we show that the calanoid Paracartia grani can actively modify the size-spectrum of oil droplets. Direct manipulation through the movement of the feeding appendages and egestion work in concert, splitting larger droplets (Ø = 16 µm) into smaller ones (Ø = 4–8 µm). The copepod-driven change in droplet size distribution can increase the availability of oil droplets to organisms feeding on smaller particles, sustaining the transfer of petrochemical compounds among different compartments. These results raise the curtain on complex small-scale interactions which can promote the understanding of oil spills fate in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Uttieri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy. .,CoNISMa (National Interuniversity Consortium for Marine Sciences), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ai Nihongi
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Peter Hinow
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Jeffrey Motschman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Houshuo Jiang
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Miquel Alcaraz
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08015, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rudi Strickler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
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15
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Won EJ, Lee Y, Gang Y, Kim MS, Kim CJ, Kim HE, Lee KW, Chung CS, Kim K, Lee JS, Shin KH. Chronic adverse effects of oil dispersed sediments on growth, hatching, and reproduction of benthic copepods: Indirect exposure for long-term tests. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:225-233. [PMID: 29685328 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-scale sediment exposure was conducted as a preliminary study to assess the long-term effects of sediment contaminated with crude oil. For this purpose, indirect exposure using a glass filter crucible was tested and compared with direct exposure by observing several parameters (e.g., mortality, growth, reproduction, hatching, and uptake) in the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus. In direct exposure, short-term exposure caused significant damages to the eggs of ovigerous females, and there were difficulties in observing small oil droplets. However, indirect exposure did not induce any mortality during a 96-h exposure in adults. A 10-day exposure was also possible in an indirect exposure method and caused a decrease in reproduction and consequently a reduction in the hatching rate. In fact, the water phase collected from indirect exposure indicated significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, although only a few components were present. The components of PAHs were similar to water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of crude oil that are associated with the water-soluble part, but the relative portion of high-molecular-weight of PAHs was higher than WAF. In this approach, exposure tests caused reduction in the uptake rate in copepods even in the 24-h exposure. In conclusion, the biological effects of oil droplets from direct exposure were excluded by using a glass filter in indirect exposures, and several parameters could be derived in the long-term exposure. These results indicate that the indirect method could likely assess the chronic effects of oil-contaminated sediments on individual level parameters for deriving the ultimate effects on the population and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Department of Marine Ecosystem & Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehui Gang
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Ocean Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22766, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joon Kim
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Marine Ecosystem & Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Ocean Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Chung
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Ocean Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungrean Kim
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Ocean Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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16
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Almeda R, Cosgrove S, Buskey EJ. Oil Spills and Dispersants Can Cause the Initiation of Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate Blooms ("Red Tides"). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5718-5724. [PMID: 29659258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After oil spills and dispersant applications the formation of red tides or harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been observed, which can cause additional negative impacts in areas affected by oil spills. However, the link between oil spills and HABs is still unknown. Here, we present experimental evidence that demonstrates a connection between oil spills and HABs. We determined the effects of oil, dispersant-treated oil, and dispersant alone on the structure of natural plankton assemblages in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. In coastal waters, large tintinnids and oligotrich ciliates, major grazers of phytoplankton, were negatively affected by the exposure to oil and dispersant, whereas bloom-forming dinoflagellates ( Prorocentrum texanum, P. triestinum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea) notably increased their concentration. The removal of key grazers due to oil and dispersant disrupts the predator-prey controls ("top-down controls") that normally function in plankton food webs. This disruption of grazing pressure opens a "loophole" that allows certain dinoflagellates with higher tolerance to oil and dispersants than their grazers to grow and form blooms when there are no growth limiting factors (e.g., nutrients). Therefore, oil spills and dispersants can act as disrupters of predator-prey controls in plankton food webs and as indirect inducers of potentially harmful dinoflagellate blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Almeda
- Centre for Ocean Life , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sarah Cosgrove
- Marine Science Institute , University of Texas at Austin , Port Aransas , Texas 78373 , United States
| | - Edward J Buskey
- Marine Science Institute , University of Texas at Austin , Port Aransas , Texas 78373 , United States
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17
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Hansen BH, Tarrant AM, Salaberria I, Altin D, Nordtug T, Øverjordet IB. Maternal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) transfer and effects on offspring of copepods exposed to dispersed oil with and without oil droplets. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:881-894. [PMID: 28841382 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copepods of the genus Calanus have the potential for accumulating lipophilic oil components due to their high lipid content and found to filter and ingest oil droplets during exposure. As female copepods produce eggs at the expense of lipid storage, there is a concern for transfer of lipophilic contaminants to offspring. To assess the potential for maternal transfer of oil components, ovigerous female copepods (Calanus finmarchicus) were exposed to filtered and unfiltered oil dispersions for 4 days, collected and eggs maintained in clean seawater and hatching and gene expression examined in hatched nauplii. Oil droplet exposure contributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) uptake in dispersion-treated adult copepods, as displayed through PAH body residue analyses and fluorescence microscopy. Applying the latter methodology, transfer of heavy PAH from copepod mothers to offspring were detected Subtle effects were observed in offspring as evidenced by a temporal reduction in hatching success appear to be occurring only when mothers were exposed to the unfiltered oil dispersions. Offspring reared in clean water through to late naupliar stages were collected for RNA extraction and preparation of libraries for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were identified through pairwise comparisons between treatments. Among these, several expressed genes have known roles in responses to chemical stress including xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, antioxidants, chaperones, and components of the inflammatory response. While gene expression results suggest a transgenerational activation of stress responses, the increase in relatively small number of differentially expressed genes suggests a minor long-term effect on offspring following maternal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M Tarrant
- b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Biology Department , Woods Hole , USA
| | - Iurgi Salaberria
- a SINTEF Ocean AS, Environmental Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | | | - Trond Nordtug
- a SINTEF Ocean AS, Environmental Technology , Trondheim , Norway
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