1
|
Xu S, Kaldy JE, Zhang X, Yue S, Suonan Z, Zhou Y. Comparison of metals in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and the environment across the North Pacific Ocean: Environmental processes drive source delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123096. [PMID: 38070647 PMCID: PMC11025321 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds play a critical role in biodiversity maintenance, serving as nursery habitats for fisheries, and aiding in carbon and sediment sequestration in the ecosystem. These habitats receive dissolved and particulate material inputs, like nutrients and heavy metals, affecting both plant health and the ecosystem. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), sediments, and water were randomly collected at twenty sites along the temperate North Pacific coasts of Asia and North America to assess heavy metals concentrations (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). This aimed to understand heavy metal distribution and accumulation patterns in eelgrass tissues, revealing crucial factors influencing metal accumulation. The sampling included various areas, from pristine marine reserves to human-influenced zones, covering industrial, agricultural, and aquaculture regions, enabling a thorough analysis. This study's uniqueness lies in comparing heavy metal distributions in eelgrass tissues with sediments, uncovering unique accumulation patterns. Aboveground eelgrass tissues mainly accumulated Cd, Zn, and Cu, while belowground tissues stored Cr and Pb. Aboveground eelgrass tissues proved reliable in indicating Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments. However, the correlation between Cu, Zn, and Cr in eelgrass tissues and environmental concentrations seemed less direct, requiring further investigation into factors affecting metal accumulation in seagrass. Human activities are probable major contributors to heavy metal presence in Asian marine environments, whereas oceanographic processes serve as primary metal sources in North American Pacific estuaries. Critical discoveries emphasize the necessity for ongoing research on phytotoxic thresholds and in-depth studies on the complex connections between seagrass physiology and environmental metal concentrations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for evaluating the broader impact of heavy metal pollution on coastal ecosystems and developing effective conservation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - James E Kaldy
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US EPA, 2111 SE Marine Science Center Dr., Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Buson, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu Y, Yu Z, Jiang J, Wu L, Feng H. Assessing the impacts of fine sediment removal on endogenous pollution release and microbial community structure in the shallow lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165410. [PMID: 37423283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Resuspension is a crucial process for releasing endogenous pollution from shallow lakes into the overlying water. Fine particle sediment, which has a higher contamination risk and longer residence time, is the primary target for controlling endogenous pollution. To this end, a study coupling aqueous biogeochemistry, electrochemistry, and DNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the remediation effect and microbial mechanism of sediment elution in shallow eutrophic water. The results indicated that sediment elution can effectively remove some fine particles in situ. Furthermore, sediment elution can inhibit the release of ammonium nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorous into the overlying water from sediment resuspension in the early stage, resulting in reductions of 41.44 %-50.45 % and 67.81 %-72.41 %, respectively. Additionally, sediment elution greatly decreased the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in pore water. The microbial community structure was also substantially altered, with an increase in the relative abundance of aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms. Redundancy analysis, PICRUSt function prediction, and the correlation analysis revealed that loss on ignition was the primary factor responsible for driving changes in microbial community structure and function in sediment. Overall, the findings provide novel insights into treating endogenous pollution in shallow eutrophication water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zengliang Yu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jingang Jiang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huiyun Feng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong H, Lee Y, Moon HB, Ra K. Characteristics of metal pollution and multi-isotopic signatures for C, Cu, Zn, and Pb in coastal sediments from special management areas in Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114642. [PMID: 36736253 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and isotopic compositions of carbon (C), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in coastal sediments were analyzed to identify potential pollution sources. High concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and metals were found close to cities and industrial areas. The isotopic compositions of C, Cu, Zn, and Pb tended to decrease as their concentrations increased. Bi-plots between δ65Cu and δ66Zn showed that the isotopic compositions in most coastal sediments, except sediments around a smelter, were similar to the isotopic compositions of road dust in urban and industrial areas of Korea. Our results suggest that heavy metal pollution in coastal sediments is greatly influenced by the pollution source, such that most metals originate from traffic and industrial activities in the urban environment. This analysis of multiple isotopes provides insights concerning the transport mechanisms and clarifies potential sources of metal contamination in coastal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Jeong
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Ifremer, RBE/CCEM, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science (Oceanography), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lagerström M, Ferreira J, Ytreberg E, Eriksson-Wiklund AK. Flawed risk assessment of antifouling paints leads to exceedance of guideline values in Baltic Sea marinas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27674-27687. [PMID: 32394257 PMCID: PMC7334261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variations of dissolved and bioavailable copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were studied in two recreational marinas in Sweden and Finland. The time series from the two marinas were characterized by rising concentrations during the spring boat launching, elevated concentrations all through the peak boating season, and decreasing concentrations in autumn when boats were retrieved for winter storage. This pattern shows a clear link between Cu and Zn concentrations and boating activity, with antifouling paints as the principal source. The leaching from antifouling paints was also found to significantly alter the speciation of dissolved Cu and Zn in marina waters, with an increase of the proportion of metals that may be considered bioavailable. This change in speciation, which occurred without any change in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), further increases the environmental risk posed by antifouling paints. In the Swedish marina, dissolved Cu and Zn exceed both Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC), indicating that the current Swedish risk assessment (RA) of antifouling paints is failing to adequately protect the marine environment. An evaluation of the RA performance showed the underlying cause to be an underestimation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by factors of 2 and 5 for Cu and Zn, respectively. For both metals, the use of inaccurate release rates for the PEC derivation was found to be either mainly (Cu) or partly (Zn) responsible for the underestimation. For Zn, the largest source of error seems to be the use of an inappropriate partitioning coefficient (KD) in the model. To ensure that the use of antifouling coatings does not adversely impact the sensitive Baltic Sea, it is thus recommended that the KD value for Zn is revised and that representative release rates are used in the RA procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lagerström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - João Ferreira
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Ytreberg
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kristin Eriksson-Wiklund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly-toxic metal, and, its environmental occurrence and human exposure consequently deserve close attention. The insight into the relationships between cadmium and tourism relations has deepened during the past three decades and the research into this relationship is reviewed. For this purpose, 83 relevant publications (mainly articles in international journals) were analyzed. It was found that investigation of Cd in the tourism environment took place in all continents (except Antarctica) and has intensified since the mid-2000s; Chinese researchers are the most active contributors. The Cd occurrence in air, living organisms, sediments, soil, suspended particular matter, water, and of the human environment has been studied. It has become clear that tourism contributes to Cd pollution (particularly, by hotel wastewater and increased traffic), and, vice versa, Cd pollution of beaches, coastal waters, food, urban parks, etc. creates risks for tourists and increases human exposure to this toxic metal. Both mechanisms have received equal attention. Examples concern many places worldwide, with the Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Europe as apparently critical regions. Our significantly incomplete knowledge of the relationships between cadmium and tourism must be ascribed to the common oversimplification of these relationships and to the scarcity or even absence of information supplied by the most important tourist destinations. The present review demonstrates that more studies of heavy metals and, particularly, Cd in the tourism environment are needed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cerdà-Domènech M, Frigola J, Sanchez-Vidal A, Canals M. Calibrating high resolution XRF core scanner data to obtain absolute metal concentrations in highly polluted marine deposits after two case studies off Portmán Bay and Barcelona, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134778. [PMID: 31843305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence core scanners (XRF-CS) allow rapid, non-destructive, continuous and high-resolution analyses of the elemental composition of sediment cores, providing large sets of semi-quantitative data. These data can be converted to quantitative data through the linear regression approach using a relatively small number of discrete samples analyzed by techniques providing absolute concentrations. However, a precise characterization of the errors associated with the linear function is required to evaluate the quality of the calibrated element concentrations. Here we present a calibration of high-resolution XRF-CS for six metals (Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb and As) measured in heavily contaminated marine deposits so that absolute concentrations are obtained. In order to determine the best linear function for conversion of XRF data, we have tested three regression methods: the ordinary least-squares (OLS), which does not consider the standard error in any variable (x and y), the weighted ordinary least-squares (WOLS), which considers the weighted standard error of the vertical variable (y), and the weighted least-squares (WLS), which incorporates the standard error in both x and y variables. We demonstrate that the calibration method presented in this study significantly increases the correlation coefficient, higher than r2 = 0.94, and reduces both the data deviation and the errors of the linear function for the three regression methods. Nonetheless, the WLS appears as the best regression method to minimize errors in the calibrated element concentrations. Our results open the door to use calibrated XRF-CS data to evaluate marine sediment pollution according to the levels of the strictest sediment quality guidelines (SQG) with errors lower than 0.4%-2% for Fe, 1%-7% for Zn, 3-14% for Pb and 5%-16% for Mn. They highlight the robustness of the calibration procedure here presented for accurate and precise quantification of element concentrations from XRF-CS semi-quantitative data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cerdà-Domènech
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Frigola
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Sanchez-Vidal
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Canals
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu C, Yang X, Gao L, Zhang P, Li W, Dong J, Li C, Zhang X. Comparative analysis of heavy metal accumulation and bioindication in three seagrasses: Which species is more suitable as a bioindicator? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:41-48. [PMID: 30877959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the utilization of three seagrasses (Zostera marina, Z. japonica, and Z. caespitosa) along the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were investigated in the sediments and in the aboveground and belowground tissues of seagrasses. The results show that the aboveground tissues of seagrasses accumulated higher levels of Cd and Cu (excluding Z. caespitosa), whereas other metals, such as Cr, Pb and Zn, were mainly restricted to the belowground tissues. Compared to Z. japonica and Z. caespitosa, Z. marina had a higher enrichment capacity for heavy metals. Overall, the seagrasses can reflect the levels of metals in the sediments, especially Z. marina, whose heavy metal tissue levels were significantly and positively correlated with the levels of all metals in the sediments. This study showed that Z. marina could be used as an effective bioindicator for heavy metal pollution of sediments in ecological quality monitoring programs in the future, at least in the temperate waters of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lijia Gao
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY11790, USA
| | - Peidong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wentao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hartzell SE, Unger MA, Vadas GG, Yonkos LT. Evaluating porewater polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-related toxicity at a contaminated sediment site using a spiked field-sediment approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:893-902. [PMID: 29091334 PMCID: PMC7950998 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the complexity of contaminant mixtures in sediments can confound the identification of causative agents of adverse biological response, understanding the contaminant(s) of primary concern at impacted sites is critical to sound environmental management and remediation. In the present study, a stock mixture of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds was prepared to reflect the variety and relative proportions of PAHs measured in surface sediment samples collected from discrete areas of a historically contaminated industrial estuary. This site-specific PAH stock mixture was spiked into nontoxic in-system and out-of-system field-collected reference sediments in dilution series spanning the range of previously measured total PAH concentrations from the region. Spiked sediments were evaluated in 10-d Leptocheirus plumulosus tests to determine whether toxicity in laboratory-created PAH concentrations was similar to the toxicity found in field-collected samples with equivalent PAH concentrations. The results show that toxicity of contaminated sediments was not explained by PAH exposure, while indicating that toxicity in spiked in-system (fine grain, high total organic carbon [TOC]) and out-of-system (course grain, low TOC) sediments was better explained by porewater PAH concentrations, measured using an antibody-based biosensor that quantified 3- to 5-ring PAHs, than total sediment PAH concentrations. The study demonstrates the application of site-specific spiking experiments to evaluate sediment toxicity at sites with complex mixtures of multiple contaminant classes and the utility of the PAH biosensor for rapid sediment-independent porewater PAH analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:893-902. © 2017 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Hartzell
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A. Unger
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA
| | - George G. Vadas
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA
| | - Lance T. Yonkos
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma H, Tsai SB. Design of Research on Performance of a New Iridium Coordination Compound for the Detection of Hg 2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101232. [PMID: 29035349 PMCID: PMC5664733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most significant pollution problems encountered by our country in terms of environment protection. In addition to the significant effects of heavy metals on the human body and other organisms through water, food chain enrichment and other routes, heavy metals involved in daily necessities beyond the level limit could also affect people’s lives, so the detection of heavy metals is extremely important. Ir (III) coordination compound, considered to be one of the best phosphorescent sensing materials, is characterized by high luminous efficiency, easy modification of the ligand and so on, and it has potential applications in the field of heavy metal detection. This project aims to product a new Ir (III) functional coordination compound by designing a new auxiliary ligand and a main ligand with a sulfur identification unit, in order to systematically investigate the application of iridium coordination compound in the detection of the heavy metal Hg2+. With the introduction of the sulfur identification unit, selective sensing of Hg2+ could be achieved. Additionally, a new auxiliary ligand is also introduced to produce a functional iridium coordination compound with high quantum efficiency, and to diversify the application of iridium coordination compound in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Ma
- School of Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
- College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Sang-Bing Tsai
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 52800, Guangdong, China.
- Economics and Management College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hartzell SE, Unger MA, McGee BL, Wilson SM, Yonkos LT. Effects-based spatial assessment of contaminated estuarine sediments from Bear Creek, Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22158-22172. [PMID: 28712078 PMCID: PMC5693697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine sediments in regions with prolonged histories of industrial activity are often laden to significant depths with complex contaminant mixtures, including trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. Given the complexity of assessing risks from multi-contaminant exposures, the direct measurement of impacts to biological receptors is central to characterizing contaminated sediment sites. Though biological consequences are less commonly assessed at depth, laboratory-based toxicity testing of subsurface sediments can be used to delineate the scope of contamination at impacted sites. The extent and depth of sediment toxicity in Bear Creek, near Baltimore, Maryland, USA, was delineated using 10-day acute toxicity tests with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, and chemical analysis of trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. A gradient of toxicity was demonstrated in surface sediments with 21 of 22 tested sites differing significantly from controls. Effects were most pronounced (100% lethality) at sites proximate to a historic industrial complex. Sediments from eight of nine core samples to depths of 80 cm were particularly impacted (i.e., caused significant lethality to L. plumulosus) even in locations overlain with relatively non-toxic surface sediments, supporting a conclusion that toxicity observed at the surface (top 2 cm) does not adequately predict toxicity at depth. In seven of nine sites, toxicity of surface sediments differed from toxicity at levels beneath by 28 to 69%, in five instances underestimating toxicity (28 to 69%), and in two instances overestimating toxicity (44 to 56%). Multiple contaminants exceeded sediment quality guidelines and correlated positively with toxic responses within surface sediments (e.g., chromium, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total petroleum hydrocarbon). Use of an antibody-based PAH biosensor revealed that porewater PAH concentrations also increased with depth at most sites. This study informs future management decisions concerning the extent of impact to Bear Creek sediments, and demonstrates the benefits of a spatial approach, relying primarily on toxicity testing to assess sediment quality in a system with complex contaminant mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hartzell
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, 1451 Animal Science Bldg, College Park, MD, 20742-2315, USA
| | - Michael A Unger
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, 1208 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Beth L McGee
- Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Philip Merrill Environmental Center, 6 Herndon Avenue, Annapolis, MD, 21403, USA
| | | | - Lance T Yonkos
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, 1451 Animal Science Bldg, College Park, MD, 20742-2315, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu P, Yin A, Yang X, Zhang H, Fan M, Gao C. Toxic elements in the stream sediments of an urbanized basin, Eastern China: urbanization greatly elevates their adverse biological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:167. [PMID: 28315231 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of toxic elements (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and As) was measured in the sediments of the Qinhuai River in Eastern China along a rural to urban gradient. Multiple approaches were undertaken to evaluate the degree of enrichment and adverse biological effects of these elements. The results showed that the concentration of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb increased exponentially from the agricultural headwater to the urbanized downstream, which reflects a severe anthropogenic influence. In addition, area-specific references, such as the local soil background (LSB) and upper continental crust (UCC) derived from the Yangtze craton, were more applicable for evaluating the enrichment of toxic elements in the Qinhuai River than was global UCC. In addition, Cd and Hg had the highest enrichment factor values (EF, with averages of 9.18 and 7.14, respectively); Zn, Pb and Cu had moderate EFs (averages from 1.52 to 2.40), while the average EFs of Ni, Cr and As were approximately equal to 1. Based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the contamination characteristics of all of the samples studied were associated with low to moderate priority of adverse biological effects (ABEs) in the rural upstream area, while it was associated with a high to moderate priority of ABEs in the urban sections of the Qinhuai River. Our results suggest that the adverse biological effects of elevated levels of toxic elements were strongly related to the degree of anthropogenic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbao Wu
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aijing Yin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Manman Fan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|